Converting Waste Agricultural Biomass into a Resource - UNEP

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The blades also propel coir fibre to a discharge outlet, while forcing the dust to fall through separator or grate bars below the cylinders lower half. Fibres can be collected and sun dried, and then baled before selling or storing. Coco fiber is used in the production of geotextiles, car furniture and construction materials. It is also used in forest nurseries, horticulture, agriculture, and for the development of gold courses. Job Potential 171 Two persons can operate it continuously for seven hours per day for 240 days a year. Operation and Maintenance Requirements 172 5,000 husks daily capacity MANUFACTURING COST Fixed Cost per Year Salaries and Wages Php 52,800 Depreciation (10 years life) 20,200 Overhead Cost (10% of salary) 5,280 -------------- Sub total Php 78,080 Variable Cost Material Cost 5,000 husks/day x Php0.10/husk x 22day/mo x 12 mos. Php 132,000 Fuel Cost 16 liters/day x 22 x 12 x Php 35/liter 147,840 -------------- Total Php 279, 840 *Php= Pesos Environmental and Social Considerations 173 Village women in Aklan are producing various products that they have made out of coconut fiber from waste coconut husks that are traditionally burned or left to rot. The nets and mats are used for soil erosion control on hillsides, riverbanks, and mangroves, and to restore badly degraded soil in forests and mining sites. 171 http://pca.da.gov.ph/n070906a.html 172 http://www.mirdc.dost.gov.ph/cocoMini.htm 173 http://coconutsgalore.blogspot.com/2004_08_01_archive.html 322
Investment and Operating Cost 174 7 INVESTMENT COST Equipment Php 150,000 Engine 50,000 ------- --------- Php 200,000 ========= MANUFACTURING COST Fixed Cost per Year Salaries and Wages Php 52,800 Depreciation (10 years life) 20,200 Overhead Cost (10% of salary) 5,280 -------------- Php 78,080 Sub total Variable Cost Material Cost 5,000 husks/day x Php0.10/husk x 22day/mo x 12 mos. Php 132,000 Fuel Cost 16 liters/day x 22 x 12 x Php 35/liter 147,840 -------------- Sub total Php 279, 840 Php 357,920 Total Manufacturing Cost . 174 http://www.mirdc.dost.gov.ph/cocoMini.htm 323
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Con v e r t i n g Wa s t e Agr i c
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Converting Waste Agricultural Bioma
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setting and identification of stake
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ACRONYMS CO2 CV DAP DTIE ESTs E-Was
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2. Rationale One of the critical ac
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3. Scope and Limitations In compili
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4. The Compendium The Project Websi
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• Basic technology information 9
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Table 1: Cellulosic Waste Biomass C
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Molding Oil Palm fruit residues Sug
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6. Recommendations The specific rec
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2-Drum Top Supported Boiler 12 USA,
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HYBRID PF 14 USA, Commercial Crop R
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operation of each to match the stea
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HYBRID RG 15 USA, Commercial Crop R
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All above work in concert to reduce
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HYBRID UF 16 USA, Commercial Crop R
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operation of each to match the stea
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TRI 17 USA, Commercial Crop Residue
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2-Drum Bottom Supported Boiler 18 U
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power boilers. Examples of Real Lif
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A fully automated continuous system
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Detailed Process Description A. Met
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Examples of Real Life Applications
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Detailed Process Description A. Met
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1. The Fibrowatt operation starts o
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HYBRID CG 21 USA, Commercial Crop R
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utilizing the most reliable system
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BTG Flash Pyrolysis Netherlands, Co
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Before processing organic materials
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a. Reactor : This was a downdraft,
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Price of Machine The total investme
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Main Products: The plant provides i
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Disadvantages to Developing Countri
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Detailed Process Description Kakira
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Example of Real Life Applications C
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Aqueous Phase Reforming (APR) 27 US
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Shelled Corn as Fuel 29 USA, Commer
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Amaizablaze/Nesco, Inc. P. O. Box 3
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HS-Tarm 5 Main Street, P.O. Box 285
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Lock Haven, PA 17745 800-582-4317 h
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P.O. Box 2075, Mankato, MN 56002 80
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The result is wood (biomass) can be
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Biomass Heating System 35 UK, Comme
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Supplier R.D. Associates, Ltd. Fuel
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Figure 5: KSM Drop Cell Unit Some o
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There is a tendency for fly ash to
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AgriPower 36 USA, Commercial Crop R
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BioMax 25 37 USA, Commercial Crop R
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102
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Solar-Biomass Hybrid Cabinet Dryer
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Two doors were designed for easy lo
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Asbestos gaskets are used while con
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The ash scraper slides through a cy
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flange attached at its bottom; this
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Other fuels such as saw dust brique
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The completed hybrid solar-biomass
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Greenfire 41 USA, Commercial Crop R
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Mayon Turbo Stove and Lo Trau Stove
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Social Considerations The stove was
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Commercial Gasifier 49 Philippines,
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The Modul-Pak ® boiler is a hybrid
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Suppliers Energy Quest, Inc. 850 So
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as well as the extraction, recovery
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oil production period in the mills.
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weatherproof and sound-attenuating
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Primenergy R-18 Gasifier producing
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Low-cost 500 kW thermal rice hull c
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Kansai Carbonized Rice Husk Gasifie
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Colusa Rice Straw / Hulls Technolog
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The customized harvester collects t
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Rice Husk Gasifier Philippines, Com
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2.5 MW Cogeneration Plant 65 Thaila
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San San Rice Husk Stove Myanmar, Co
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The technology of rice husk gasifie
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of trees can be controlled. This wo
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includes an automatic feeder, which
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Maligaya Rice Hull Stove 74 Philipp
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Parameters for Procurement Specific
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162
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a 100KW capacity Rice-Husk based Ga
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Rice husk briquette fuel 84 Banglad
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aised to US$ 6.84 million from the
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ease of removal of the char, a grat
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The rice husk gas burner for bakery
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Engineering and Environmental Manag
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Depending on the type of fuel it ha
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mode, all of the steam directed to
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pyrolysis) with air or oxygen at te
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R S for in-kind repair of boilers a
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Wood Biomass Electricity Generator
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Advantages to Developing Countries
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Celunol's "wet" biomass conversion
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up to 1.3 million liters of cellulo
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This process is done in shredder ma
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The minimal price established is $C
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196
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Telephone (303) 933-3135 FAX (303)
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Solar-Biomass Hybrid Cabinet Dryer
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The stove uses cylindrical honeycom
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Research Centre for Applied Science
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air. Woody biomass available in ple
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Dry Grind Ethanol 99 USA, Under Con
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Price Ethanol sells as a commodity
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1 Figure 1. Design of the dryer Det
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footings made of brick and mortar.
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placed inside mild steel shell of l
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Biological Hydrogen Production from
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ioprocess for hydrogen production f
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a. Reactor: This was a downdraft, t
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Transpired Collector Solar-Biomass
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Drying chamber The drying chamber c
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Annexure 3 EST for Energy Conversio
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Detailed Process Description Figure
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Forest Products Research and Develo
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Advanced Gasification-Combustion (A
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Wood wool cement board (WWCB) Cemen
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Furnace-Type Lumber Dryer 105 Phili
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(i) Charring Drum. The charring dru
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The mould set is filled with the mi
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Solar Collector The solar collector
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Fluidized Bed Combustor for Steam G
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Small-Scale Biomass Pyrolyzer for F
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chips) aside from palay and allows
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Detailed Process Description There
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The IRRI DR-1 Batch Dryer 117 Phili
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Rice Hull Furnace attached to a blo
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was not continuously discharged fro
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Detailed Process Description Drying
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Rice Hull Ash Cement (RHAC) Hollow
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Annexure 4 EST for Material Convers
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Through a joint venture component m
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Abaca Mechanical Tuxer 129 Philippi
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Economic instruments for overcoming
Page 274 and 275: Figure 2. Fiber Twisting Machine
Page 276 and 277: Example of Real Life Applications C
Page 278 and 279: Main Products: Cellulosic Ethanol O
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Page 284 and 285: Advantages to Developing Countries
Page 286 and 287: Detailed Process Description 133 On
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Page 294 and 295: Bio-Enriched Method (Trichoderma an
Page 296 and 297: Increases yield. Improves water-hol
Page 298 and 299: Environmental Considerations 141 Co
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Page 302 and 303: 150 150 http://www.kinseiseishi.co.
Page 304 and 305: 152 Type of non-woven materials Che
Page 306 and 307: Bale as feedstock USA, Commercial C
Page 308 and 309: Price of Machine : refer to the tab
Page 310 and 311: 2. Cooking the Fiber: A rope is lai
Page 312 and 313: 9. Weaving: Water is sprayed on the
Page 314 and 315: Decorticating Machine and Motorised
Page 316 and 317: usually contains two spindles set i
Page 318 and 319: tradition and, moreover, the range
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Page 322 and 323: Over 3.5 million coconut farmers ar
Page 326 and 327: Economic instruments for overcoming
Page 328 and 329: first using the drum method or the
Page 330 and 331: Job Potential: Farmers' cooperative
Page 332 and 333: Soundproofing and Insulating Materi
Page 334 and 335: The environmental impact is signifi
Page 336 and 337: . Suppliers K.E.F.I. - Kenaf Eco Fi
Page 338 and 339: Detailed Process Descriptions: 1. H
Page 340 and 341: Examples of Real Life Applications
Page 342 and 343: In a two-stage setup, the target wi
Page 344 and 345: companies with expertise in this we
Page 346 and 347: Mezcal Production from Maguey Phili
Page 348 and 349: 5. Crushing the agave. The roasted
Page 350 and 351: Method of Propagation Applying fert
Page 352 and 353: Main Products 198 Abaca fiber comes
Page 354 and 355: Being a high-priced fabric has prac
Page 356 and 357: Detailed Process Description 202 Me
Page 358 and 359: Rice Husk basket Burner India, Comm
Page 360 and 361: The ash should be white or grey wit
Page 362 and 363: Paper from Rice Straw Cyprus, Comme
Page 364 and 365: 1. Vatting - Fill your vat halfway
Page 366 and 367: Ethanol Production by Acid Hydrolys
Page 368 and 369: improvements would provide cost sav
Page 370 and 371: Detailed Process Description 7. Ric
Page 372 and 373: Plywood from Sorghum China, Commerc
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Example of Real Life Applications L
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Figure 1. Schematic of gasifier-pow
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hull is a processing by-product of
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The size of the mill or number of m
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Figure 3. A 12-ft continuous evapor
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The finished syrup is thoroughly st
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Drinking Vinegar from Sweet Sorghum
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only four months. Ethanol, a cheape
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Davis & Standard Twin Screw Extrude
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Environmental and Social Considerat
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Detailed Process Description Figure
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operational analysis be carried out
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Figure 2. Hopper or Feeder The comp
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Broin Fractionation (BFRAC) 218 USA
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Collaboration with other companies
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NET INCOME Before Tax = 237, 600 -
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Cornstalk Flash Volatilization USA,
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Decentralized Wastewater Treatment
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degrades the wastes. The algal pond
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Job Potential: 231 Preparing the so
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Operations and Maintenance Requirem
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Detailed Process Description There
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Biochar 237 USA, Research Crop Resi
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422
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424
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Detailed Process Description: 241 2
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In addition to functioning as a thi
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The underflow from the first stage
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y essentially dry process technique
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industrial uses. It consists of mol
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yeast for high alcohol, and high-te
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About the UNEP Division of Technolo
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Converting Waste Agricultural Biomass into a Resource - UNEP

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