Converting Waste Agricultural Biomass into a Resource - UNEP

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Example of Real Life Applications Location: China Level of Use: Commercial Supplier: Shenyang Xinyang Sorghum Plywood Co, Ltd. No. 1 Minzu Street, Urban area, Xinmin, Shenyang, Liaoning, China +86-024-27623594 Sources: 1. http://www.fao.org/inpho/content/compend/text/ch08.htm#Pg00020 372
Syrup Production from Sweet Sorghum India, Commercial Crop Residue Process Sweet Sorghum Stalks Extraction/Filtration Equipment Weighing balance, Bottling machine, Crown capping machine, Other accessories such as 200- mesh stainless steel wire gauze sieves, skimmers, buckets, hand refractometer, thermometer, sterilized bottles, crown caps, crusher Main Product Syrup By products Technical Description of Technology For making syrup on large scale the following equipments are required: a) A 3-roller crusher that can give an extraction of at least 45–55%. More efficient crushers will give higher extraction percentage and thus enhance syrup recovery. b) Settling tank. c) Motor for pumping juice. d) Flat- bottomed aluminium or stainless steel vessel (kadhai) having a capacity to boil 350-400 litres juice. e) A conventional furnace with at least 10-15% overall efficiency or a gasifier-powered furnace. NARI has developed a multifuel gasifier which can be run on sweet sorghum bagasse, sugarcane leaves, wheat husk, grasses etc (Fig. 4). A pilot gasification plant of 300-500 kW (thermal) capacity was set up giving 20-27% overall efficiency (biomass to useful heat) (Rajvanshi, 1992). It was environmentally very clean as there was no smoke production. [The gasification system produces char as a by-product (20-25% w/w of fuel). This char can be mixed with a suitable binder (15% w/w cow dung) to produce excellent smokeless fuel briquettes for chulhas (stoves). Besides, preliminary results indicated that this char could also act as a soil conditioner when applied to fields]. 373
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Con v e r t i n g Wa s t e Agr i c
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Converting Waste Agricultural Bioma
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setting and identification of stake
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ACRONYMS CO2 CV DAP DTIE ESTs E-Was
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2. Rationale One of the critical ac
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3. Scope and Limitations In compili
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4. The Compendium The Project Websi
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• Basic technology information 9
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Table 1: Cellulosic Waste Biomass C
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Molding Oil Palm fruit residues Sug
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6. Recommendations The specific rec
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2-Drum Top Supported Boiler 12 USA,
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HYBRID PF 14 USA, Commercial Crop R
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operation of each to match the stea
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HYBRID RG 15 USA, Commercial Crop R
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All above work in concert to reduce
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HYBRID UF 16 USA, Commercial Crop R
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operation of each to match the stea
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TRI 17 USA, Commercial Crop Residue
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2-Drum Bottom Supported Boiler 18 U
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power boilers. Examples of Real Lif
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A fully automated continuous system
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Detailed Process Description A. Met
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Examples of Real Life Applications
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Detailed Process Description A. Met
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1. The Fibrowatt operation starts o
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HYBRID CG 21 USA, Commercial Crop R
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utilizing the most reliable system
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BTG Flash Pyrolysis Netherlands, Co
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Before processing organic materials
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a. Reactor : This was a downdraft,
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Price of Machine The total investme
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Main Products: The plant provides i
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Disadvantages to Developing Countri
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Detailed Process Description Kakira
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Example of Real Life Applications C
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Aqueous Phase Reforming (APR) 27 US
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Shelled Corn as Fuel 29 USA, Commer
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Amaizablaze/Nesco, Inc. P. O. Box 3
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HS-Tarm 5 Main Street, P.O. Box 285
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Lock Haven, PA 17745 800-582-4317 h
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P.O. Box 2075, Mankato, MN 56002 80
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The result is wood (biomass) can be
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Biomass Heating System 35 UK, Comme
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Supplier R.D. Associates, Ltd. Fuel
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Figure 5: KSM Drop Cell Unit Some o
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There is a tendency for fly ash to
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AgriPower 36 USA, Commercial Crop R
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BioMax 25 37 USA, Commercial Crop R
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102
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Solar-Biomass Hybrid Cabinet Dryer
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Two doors were designed for easy lo
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Asbestos gaskets are used while con
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The ash scraper slides through a cy
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flange attached at its bottom; this
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Other fuels such as saw dust brique
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The completed hybrid solar-biomass
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Greenfire 41 USA, Commercial Crop R
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Mayon Turbo Stove and Lo Trau Stove
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Social Considerations The stove was
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Commercial Gasifier 49 Philippines,
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The Modul-Pak ® boiler is a hybrid
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Suppliers Energy Quest, Inc. 850 So
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as well as the extraction, recovery
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oil production period in the mills.
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weatherproof and sound-attenuating
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Primenergy R-18 Gasifier producing
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Low-cost 500 kW thermal rice hull c
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Kansai Carbonized Rice Husk Gasifie
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Colusa Rice Straw / Hulls Technolog
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The customized harvester collects t
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Rice Husk Gasifier Philippines, Com
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2.5 MW Cogeneration Plant 65 Thaila
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San San Rice Husk Stove Myanmar, Co
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The technology of rice husk gasifie
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of trees can be controlled. This wo
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includes an automatic feeder, which
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Maligaya Rice Hull Stove 74 Philipp
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Parameters for Procurement Specific
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162
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a 100KW capacity Rice-Husk based Ga
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Rice husk briquette fuel 84 Banglad
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aised to US$ 6.84 million from the
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ease of removal of the char, a grat
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The rice husk gas burner for bakery
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Engineering and Environmental Manag
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Depending on the type of fuel it ha
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mode, all of the steam directed to
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pyrolysis) with air or oxygen at te
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R S for in-kind repair of boilers a
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Wood Biomass Electricity Generator
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Advantages to Developing Countries
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Celunol's "wet" biomass conversion
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up to 1.3 million liters of cellulo
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This process is done in shredder ma
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The minimal price established is $C
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196
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Telephone (303) 933-3135 FAX (303)
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Solar-Biomass Hybrid Cabinet Dryer
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The stove uses cylindrical honeycom
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Research Centre for Applied Science
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air. Woody biomass available in ple
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Dry Grind Ethanol 99 USA, Under Con
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Price Ethanol sells as a commodity
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1 Figure 1. Design of the dryer Det
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footings made of brick and mortar.
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placed inside mild steel shell of l
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Biological Hydrogen Production from
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ioprocess for hydrogen production f
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a. Reactor: This was a downdraft, t
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Transpired Collector Solar-Biomass
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Drying chamber The drying chamber c
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Annexure 3 EST for Energy Conversio
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Detailed Process Description Figure
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Forest Products Research and Develo
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Advanced Gasification-Combustion (A
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Wood wool cement board (WWCB) Cemen
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Furnace-Type Lumber Dryer 105 Phili
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(i) Charring Drum. The charring dru
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The mould set is filled with the mi
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Solar Collector The solar collector
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Fluidized Bed Combustor for Steam G
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Small-Scale Biomass Pyrolyzer for F
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chips) aside from palay and allows
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Detailed Process Description There
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The IRRI DR-1 Batch Dryer 117 Phili
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Rice Hull Furnace attached to a blo
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was not continuously discharged fro
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Detailed Process Description Drying
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Rice Hull Ash Cement (RHAC) Hollow
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Annexure 4 EST for Material Convers
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Through a joint venture component m
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Abaca Mechanical Tuxer 129 Philippi
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Economic instruments for overcoming
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Figure 2. Fiber Twisting Machine
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Example of Real Life Applications C
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Main Products: Cellulosic Ethanol O
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converted to a high-carbon char mat
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NovaGreen Biomass Ethanol Separatio
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Advantages to Developing Countries
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Detailed Process Description 133 On
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agricultural waste could theoretica
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downstream value-added products whe
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Bio-Enriched Method (Trichoderma an
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Increases yield. Improves water-hol
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Environmental Considerations 141 Co
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298
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150 150 http://www.kinseiseishi.co.
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152 Type of non-woven materials Che
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Bale as feedstock USA, Commercial C
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Price of Machine : refer to the tab
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2. Cooking the Fiber: A rope is lai
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9. Weaving: Water is sprayed on the
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Decorticating Machine and Motorised
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usually contains two spindles set i
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tradition and, moreover, the range
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Over 3.5 million coconut farmers ar
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Page 330 and 331: Job Potential: Farmers' cooperative
Page 332 and 333: Soundproofing and Insulating Materi
Page 334 and 335: The environmental impact is signifi
Page 336 and 337: . Suppliers K.E.F.I. - Kenaf Eco Fi
Page 338 and 339: Detailed Process Descriptions: 1. H
Page 340 and 341: Examples of Real Life Applications
Page 342 and 343: In a two-stage setup, the target wi
Page 344 and 345: companies with expertise in this we
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Page 348 and 349: 5. Crushing the agave. The roasted
Page 350 and 351: Method of Propagation Applying fert
Page 352 and 353: Main Products 198 Abaca fiber comes
Page 354 and 355: Being a high-priced fabric has prac
Page 356 and 357: Detailed Process Description 202 Me
Page 358 and 359: Rice Husk basket Burner India, Comm
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Page 364 and 365: 1. Vatting - Fill your vat halfway
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Page 370 and 371: Detailed Process Description 7. Ric
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Page 376 and 377: Figure 1. Schematic of gasifier-pow
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Page 382 and 383: Figure 3. A 12-ft continuous evapor
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Page 390 and 391: Davis & Standard Twin Screw Extrude
Page 392 and 393: Environmental and Social Considerat
Page 394 and 395: Annexure 5 EST for Material Convers
Page 396 and 397: Detailed Process Description Figure
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Page 400 and 401: Figure 2. Hopper or Feeder The comp
Page 402 and 403: Broin Fractionation (BFRAC) 218 USA
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Page 406 and 407: NET INCOME Before Tax = 237, 600 -
Page 408 and 409: Cornstalk Flash Volatilization USA,
Page 410 and 411: Decentralized Wastewater Treatment
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Page 414 and 415: Job Potential: 231 Preparing the so
Page 416 and 417: Annexure 6 EST for Material Convers
Page 418 and 419: Operations and Maintenance Requirem
Page 420 and 421: Detailed Process Description There
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422
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Detailed Process Description: 241 2
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In addition to functioning as a thi
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The underflow from the first stage
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y essentially dry process technique
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industrial uses. It consists of mol
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yeast for high alcohol, and high-te
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About the UNEP Division of Technolo
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Converting Waste Agricultural Biomass into a Resource - UNEP

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