Converting Waste Agricultural Biomass into a Resource - UNEP

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Detailed Process Description A. Metering Conveyor Extra Heavy Duty Screw Conveyor with Variable Frequency AC Drive B. Rotary Air Lock Valve Limits Excess Air for Improved Combustion Control, Increased Efficiency and Emission Control C. “Frederick” Solid Fuel Stoker Manufactured since 1918, it is unsurpassed in the dependable stoking of solid fuels D. Fuel Pile The fuel pile, maintained by the stoker, covers all the grates for Improved Combustion Efficiency and Emission Control. E. Gasifier A combination of the “Frederick” stoker, combustion air system, and lower combustion chamber. The Hurst“Gasifier” vaporizes the volatile gasses from the solid fuel, driven by the remaining carbon on the grates. F. Combustion Chamber Combustion Air is mixed with the volatile gas created by the gasifier and burned in this area of the furnace. G. Combustion Air System Two blowers, one under fire and one over fire, furnishes and controls the volume of air entering the Gasifier and Combustion Chamber. All above work in concert to reduce solid fuels <strong>into</strong> usable heat energy utilizing the most reliable system yet devised. Our “cruise control” system orchestrates the 32
operation of each to match the steam load and maintain efficient combustion. All above work in concert to reduce solid fuels <strong>into</strong> usable heat energy utilizing the most reliable system yet devised. Our “cruise control” system orchestrates the operation of each to match the steam load and maintain efficient combustion. H. “Hybrid” Design Boiler Originally built in Germany, the “Hybrid” design is unequaled in the heat recovery from solid fuels. Ha. Water Tube Section The watertube section of the “Hybrid” boiler allows for abundant radiant heating surface. This allows for quicker recovery and more efficient heat transfer than in the typical firetube boiler. Hb. Fire Tube Section The fire tube section of the “Hybrid” boiler allows for greater water volume and thermal reserve than the typical water tube boiler. Quick response with the additional capacity to handle spike loads is the result. In addition, the two pass design increases gas velocity and efficiency and a cleaner boiler result. Hc. Steam Space The fire tube section of the “Hybrid” also allows for several times the steam space of a typical boiler. The larger steam release surface is calmer, reducing carry over of unevaporated water. The resulting drier steam also reduces system scaling. In addition, dry steam helps eliminate unnecessary extra condensate. Energy and fuel are saved. I. Boiler Blowdown J. Handhole The waterside openings are located in the most effective positions. The lower hand holes offer far better access for both clean out and inspection. K. Manway L. Continuous Blowdown M. Soot Blower Fixed zone N. Insulation And Jacketing 2’ High Density fiberglass insulation and 22 ga. zinc coated metal jacket. O. Rear Smoke Box Liberal and easy accessible gas turn around area. No large refractory doors or wet back to work around. P. Reinjection Blower Continuously cleans rear smoke box. Q. Skids and Support Structure Unit is skid mounted with rear supports for easy handling and set-up. Operation and Maintenance Requirements 3. Ash removal is a manual operation. 4. The company stocks replacement parts for the boilers and other major competitors' boilers as well. Manufacturing facility is in Coolidge, GA, supports parts center with the latest technology and competitive rates, offering shipping with Emory, DHL, Fed Ex and "UPS On Line Shipping / Tracking" for speedy delivery of critical parts orders to any facility in a timely fashion 33
Page 1 and 2: Con v e r t i n g Wa s t e Agr i c
Page 3 and 4: Converting Waste Agricultural Bioma
Page 5 and 6: setting and identification of stake
Page 7 and 8: ACRONYMS CO2 CV DAP DTIE ESTs E-Was
Page 9 and 10: 2. Rationale One of the critical ac
Page 11 and 12: 3. Scope and Limitations In compili
Page 13 and 14: 4. The Compendium The Project Websi
Page 15 and 16: • Basic technology information 9
Page 17 and 18: Table 1: Cellulosic Waste Biomass C
Page 19 and 20: Molding Oil Palm fruit residues Sug
Page 21 and 22: 6. Recommendations The specific rec
Page 23 and 24: 2-Drum Top Supported Boiler 12 USA,
Page 25 and 26: HYBRID PF 14 USA, Commercial Crop R
Page 27 and 28: operation of each to match the stea
Page 29 and 30: HYBRID RG 15 USA, Commercial Crop R
Page 31 and 32: All above work in concert to reduce
Page 33: HYBRID UF 16 USA, Commercial Crop R
Page 37 and 38: TRI 17 USA, Commercial Crop Residue
Page 39 and 40: 2-Drum Bottom Supported Boiler 18 U
Page 41 and 42: power boilers. Examples of Real Lif
Page 43 and 44: A fully automated continuous system
Page 45 and 46: Detailed Process Description A. Met
Page 47 and 48: Examples of Real Life Applications
Page 49 and 50: Detailed Process Description A. Met
Page 53 and 54: 1. The Fibrowatt operation starts o
Page 55 and 56: HYBRID CG 21 USA, Commercial Crop R
Page 57 and 58: utilizing the most reliable system
Page 59 and 60: BTG Flash Pyrolysis Netherlands, Co
Page 61 and 62: Before processing organic materials
Page 63 and 64: a. Reactor : This was a downdraft,
Page 68 and 69: Price of Machine The total investme
Page 70 and 71: Main Products: The plant provides i
Page 72 and 73: Disadvantages to Developing Countri
Page 74 and 75: Detailed Process Description Kakira
Page 76 and 77: Example of Real Life Applications C
Page 78 and 79: Aqueous Phase Reforming (APR) 27 US
Page 80 and 81: Shelled Corn as Fuel 29 USA, Commer
Page 82 and 83: Amaizablaze/Nesco, Inc. P. O. Box 3
Page 84 and 85:
HS-Tarm 5 Main Street, P.O. Box 285
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Lock Haven, PA 17745 800-582-4317 h
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P.O. Box 2075, Mankato, MN 56002 80
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The result is wood (biomass) can be
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Biomass Heating System 35 UK, Comme
Page 94 and 95:
Supplier R.D. Associates, Ltd. Fuel
Page 96 and 97:
Figure 5: KSM Drop Cell Unit Some o
Page 98 and 99:
There is a tendency for fly ash to
Page 100 and 101:
AgriPower 36 USA, Commercial Crop R
Page 102 and 103:
BioMax 25 37 USA, Commercial Crop R
Page 104 and 105:
102
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Solar-Biomass Hybrid Cabinet Dryer
Page 108 and 109:
Two doors were designed for easy lo
Page 110 and 111:
Asbestos gaskets are used while con
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The ash scraper slides through a cy
Page 114 and 115:
flange attached at its bottom; this
Page 116 and 117:
Other fuels such as saw dust brique
Page 118 and 119:
The completed hybrid solar-biomass
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Greenfire 41 USA, Commercial Crop R
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Mayon Turbo Stove and Lo Trau Stove
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Social Considerations The stove was
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Commercial Gasifier 49 Philippines,
Page 128 and 129:
The Modul-Pak ® boiler is a hybrid
Page 130 and 131:
Suppliers Energy Quest, Inc. 850 So
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as well as the extraction, recovery
Page 134 and 135:
oil production period in the mills.
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weatherproof and sound-attenuating
Page 138 and 139:
Primenergy R-18 Gasifier producing
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Low-cost 500 kW thermal rice hull c
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Kansai Carbonized Rice Husk Gasifie
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Colusa Rice Straw / Hulls Technolog
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The customized harvester collects t
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Rice Husk Gasifier Philippines, Com
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2.5 MW Cogeneration Plant 65 Thaila
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San San Rice Husk Stove Myanmar, Co
Page 154 and 155:
The technology of rice husk gasifie
Page 156 and 157:
of trees can be controlled. This wo
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includes an automatic feeder, which
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Maligaya Rice Hull Stove 74 Philipp
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Parameters for Procurement Specific
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162
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a 100KW capacity Rice-Husk based Ga
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Rice husk briquette fuel 84 Banglad
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aised to US$ 6.84 million from the
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ease of removal of the char, a grat
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The rice husk gas burner for bakery
Page 176 and 177:
Engineering and Environmental Manag
Page 178 and 179:
Depending on the type of fuel it ha
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mode, all of the steam directed to
Page 182 and 183:
pyrolysis) with air or oxygen at te
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R S for in-kind repair of boilers a
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Wood Biomass Electricity Generator
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Advantages to Developing Countries
Page 190 and 191:
Celunol's "wet" biomass conversion
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up to 1.3 million liters of cellulo
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This process is done in shredder ma
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The minimal price established is $C
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196
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Telephone (303) 933-3135 FAX (303)
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Solar-Biomass Hybrid Cabinet Dryer
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The stove uses cylindrical honeycom
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Research Centre for Applied Science
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air. Woody biomass available in ple
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Dry Grind Ethanol 99 USA, Under Con
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Price Ethanol sells as a commodity
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1 Figure 1. Design of the dryer Det
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footings made of brick and mortar.
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placed inside mild steel shell of l
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Biological Hydrogen Production from
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ioprocess for hydrogen production f
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a. Reactor: This was a downdraft, t
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Transpired Collector Solar-Biomass
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Drying chamber The drying chamber c
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Annexure 3 EST for Energy Conversio
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Detailed Process Description Figure
Page 234 and 235:
Forest Products Research and Develo
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Advanced Gasification-Combustion (A
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Wood wool cement board (WWCB) Cemen
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Furnace-Type Lumber Dryer 105 Phili
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(i) Charring Drum. The charring dru
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The mould set is filled with the mi
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Solar Collector The solar collector
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Fluidized Bed Combustor for Steam G
Page 250 and 251:
Small-Scale Biomass Pyrolyzer for F
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chips) aside from palay and allows
Page 254 and 255:
Detailed Process Description There
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The IRRI DR-1 Batch Dryer 117 Phili
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Rice Hull Furnace attached to a blo
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was not continuously discharged fro
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Detailed Process Description Drying
Page 264 and 265:
Rice Hull Ash Cement (RHAC) Hollow
Page 266 and 267:
Annexure 4 EST for Material Convers
Page 268 and 269:
Through a joint venture component m
Page 270 and 271:
Abaca Mechanical Tuxer 129 Philippi
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Economic instruments for overcoming
Page 274 and 275:
Figure 2. Fiber Twisting Machine
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Example of Real Life Applications C
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Main Products: Cellulosic Ethanol O
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converted to a high-carbon char mat
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NovaGreen Biomass Ethanol Separatio
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Advantages to Developing Countries
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Detailed Process Description 133 On
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286
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agricultural waste could theoretica
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downstream value-added products whe
Page 294 and 295:
Bio-Enriched Method (Trichoderma an
Page 296 and 297:
Increases yield. Improves water-hol
Page 298 and 299:
Environmental Considerations 141 Co
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298
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150 150 http://www.kinseiseishi.co.
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152 Type of non-woven materials Che
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Bale as feedstock USA, Commercial C
Page 308 and 309:
Price of Machine : refer to the tab
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2. Cooking the Fiber: A rope is lai
Page 312 and 313:
9. Weaving: Water is sprayed on the
Page 314 and 315:
Decorticating Machine and Motorised
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usually contains two spindles set i
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tradition and, moreover, the range
Page 320 and 321:
318
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Over 3.5 million coconut farmers ar
Page 324 and 325:
The blades also propel coir fibre t
Page 326 and 327:
Economic instruments for overcoming
Page 328 and 329:
first using the drum method or the
Page 330 and 331:
Job Potential: Farmers' cooperative
Page 332 and 333:
Soundproofing and Insulating Materi
Page 334 and 335:
The environmental impact is signifi
Page 336 and 337:
. Suppliers K.E.F.I. - Kenaf Eco Fi
Page 338 and 339:
Detailed Process Descriptions: 1. H
Page 340 and 341:
Examples of Real Life Applications
Page 342 and 343:
In a two-stage setup, the target wi
Page 344 and 345:
companies with expertise in this we
Page 346 and 347:
Mezcal Production from Maguey Phili
Page 348 and 349:
5. Crushing the agave. The roasted
Page 350 and 351:
Method of Propagation Applying fert
Page 352 and 353:
Main Products 198 Abaca fiber comes
Page 354 and 355:
Being a high-priced fabric has prac
Page 356 and 357:
Detailed Process Description 202 Me
Page 358 and 359:
Rice Husk basket Burner India, Comm
Page 360 and 361:
The ash should be white or grey wit
Page 362 and 363:
Paper from Rice Straw Cyprus, Comme
Page 364 and 365:
1. Vatting - Fill your vat halfway
Page 366 and 367:
Ethanol Production by Acid Hydrolys
Page 368 and 369:
improvements would provide cost sav
Page 370 and 371:
Detailed Process Description 7. Ric
Page 372 and 373:
Plywood from Sorghum China, Commerc
Page 374 and 375:
Example of Real Life Applications L
Page 376 and 377:
Figure 1. Schematic of gasifier-pow
Page 378 and 379:
hull is a processing by-product of
Page 380 and 381:
The size of the mill or number of m
Page 382 and 383:
Figure 3. A 12-ft continuous evapor
Page 384 and 385:
The finished syrup is thoroughly st
Page 386 and 387:
Drinking Vinegar from Sweet Sorghum
Page 388 and 389:
only four months. Ethanol, a cheape
Page 390 and 391:
Davis & Standard Twin Screw Extrude
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Environmental and Social Considerat
Page 394 and 395:
Page 396 and 397:
Detailed Process Description Figure
Page 398 and 399:
operational analysis be carried out
Page 400 and 401:
Figure 2. Hopper or Feeder The comp
Page 402 and 403:
Broin Fractionation (BFRAC) 218 USA
Page 404 and 405:
Collaboration with other companies
Page 406 and 407:
NET INCOME Before Tax = 237, 600 -
Page 408 and 409:
Cornstalk Flash Volatilization USA,
Page 410 and 411:
Decentralized Wastewater Treatment
Page 412 and 413:
degrades the wastes. The algal pond
Page 414 and 415:
Job Potential: 231 Preparing the so
Page 416 and 417:
Page 418 and 419:
Operations and Maintenance Requirem
Page 420 and 421:
Detailed Process Description There
Page 422 and 423:
Biochar 237 USA, Research Crop Resi
Page 424 and 425:
422
Page 426 and 427:
424
Page 428 and 429:
Detailed Process Description: 241 2
Page 430 and 431:
In addition to functioning as a thi
Page 432 and 433:
The underflow from the first stage
Page 434 and 435:
y essentially dry process technique
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industrial uses. It consists of mol
Page 438 and 439:
yeast for high alcohol, and high-te
Page 440 and 441:
About the UNEP Division of Technolo
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Converting Waste Agricultural Biomass into a Resource - UNEP

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