Untitled - Aerobib - Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

More documents

Recommendations

Info

6 Laminar flames 131 6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 6.2 Equation for the combustion wave (two chemical species) . . . . . . 134 6.3 Boundary conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 6.4 Modification of the conditions at the “cold boundary” . . . . . . . . 137 6.5 Propagation velocity of the flame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 6.6 Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 6.7 Reaction velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 6.8 Flame equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 6.9 Solution of the flame equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 6.10 Structure of the combustion wave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 6.11 Ignition temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 6.12 General equations for the combustion wave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 6.13 Ozone <strong>de</strong>composition flame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 6.14 Hydrazine <strong>de</strong>composition flame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 6.15 Flame propagation in Hydrogen-Bromine mixtures . . . . . . . . . . 187 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 7 Turbulent flames 207 7.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 7.2 Turbulent combustion theories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 7.3 Turbulence generated by the flame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 7.4 Comparison with experimental results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 8 Ignition, flammability and quenching 221 8.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 8.2 Ignition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 8.3 Flammability limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
8.4 Quenching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 9 Flows with combustion waves 231 9.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 9.2 Conditions that must be satisfied by the jump across a flame front. . . 231 9.3 Normal flame front . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 9.4 Inclined flame front . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 9.5 Entropy jump across the flame front . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 9.6 Vorticity across the flame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 10 Aerothermodynamic field of a stabilized flame 245 10.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 10.2 Tsien method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 10.3 Method of Fabri-Siestrunck-Fouré . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 10.4 Cylindrical chambers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 10.5 Chamber with slowly varying cross-section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 11 Similarity in combustion. Applications 261 11.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 11.2 Dimensionless parameters of Aerothermochemistry . . . . . . . . . 262 11.3 Scaling of rockets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 11.4 Scaling of rockets for non-steady conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 11.5 Flame stabilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 12 Diffusion flame 281 12.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 12.2 General equations for laminar diffusion flames . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Page 2 and 3: Aerothermochemistry Gregorio Millá
Page 4 and 5: PRESENTACIÓN Amable Liñán Es un
Page 6 and 7: que no cambiaron los resultados, y
Page 8: INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE TÉCNICA AERO
Page 11 and 12: aim to become acquainted with Aerot
Page 13 and 14: Tarifa, Manuel de Sendagorta and Ig
Page 15: 3.4 Energy equation . . . . . . . .
Page 20 and 21: Chapter 1 Thermochemistry 1.1 Intro
Page 22 and 23: 1.1. INTRODUCTION 3 GAS ε/k (K) σ
Page 24 and 25: 1.1. INTRODUCTION 5 14 12 10 N 2 CH
Page 26 and 27: 1.2. THERMODYNAMIC FUNCTIONS OF AN
Page 28 and 29: 1.2. THERMODYNAMIC FUNCTIONS OF AN
Page 30 and 31: 1.3. MIXTURE OF GASES 11 Helmholtz
Page 32 and 33: 1.3. MIXTURE OF GASES 13 is the par
Page 34 and 35: 1.3. MIXTURE OF GASES 15 Entropy Si
Page 36 and 37: 1.4. CALCULATION OF THE THERMODYNAM
Page 38 and 39: 1.4. CALCULATION OF THE THERMODYNAM
Page 40 and 41: 1.5. CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN A MIXTUR
Page 42 and 43: 1.6. CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM 23 Since
Page 44 and 45: ∆G 0 j = ∑ i 1.7. CASE OF A MIX
Page 46 and 47: 1.7. CASE OF A MIXTURE OF IDEAL GAS
Page 48 and 49: 1.8. CHEMICAL KINETICS 29 1.8 Chemi
Page 50 and 51: 1.8. CHEMICAL KINETICS 31 Mechanics
Page 52 and 53: 1.8. CHEMICAL KINETICS 33 This stru
Page 54 and 55: 1.8. CHEMICAL KINETICS 35 [3] Hirsc
Page 56 and 57: Chapter 2 Transport phenomena in ga
Page 58 and 59: 2.2. DIFFUSION 39 Hereinafter, nota
Page 60 and 61: 2.2. DIFFUSION 41 where r is the di
Page 62 and 63: 2.2. DIFFUSION 43 T ∗ Ω (1,1)∗
Page 64 and 65: 2.2. DIFFUSION 45 Gas Pair σ 12 (
Page 66 and 67:
2.2. DIFFUSION 47 coefficients. 14
Page 68 and 69:
2.3. VISCOSITIES 49 2.3 Viscosities
Page 70 and 71:
2.3. VISCOSITIES 51 Here µ and µ
Page 72 and 73:
2.3. VISCOSITIES 53 Its value depen
Page 74 and 75:
2.4. THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY 55 2000 1
Page 76 and 77:
2.4. THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY 57 4000 3
Page 78 and 79:
Chapter 3 General equations 3.1 Int
Page 80 and 81:
3.2. EQUATION OF CONTINUITY 61 The
Page 82 and 83:
3.2. EQUATION OF CONTINUITY 63 A i
Page 84 and 85:
3.4. ENERGY EQUATION 65 where the s
Page 86 and 87:
3.4. ENERGY EQUATION 67 The energy
Page 88 and 89:
3.5. GENERAL EQUATIONS 69 obtained
Page 90 and 91:
3.6. ENTROPY VARIATION 71 Taking in
Page 92 and 93:
3.7. ONE-DIMENSIONAL MOTIONS 73 red
Page 94 and 95:
3.8. STATIONARY, ONE-DIMENSIONAL MO
Page 96 and 97:
3.9. THE CASE OF ONLY TWO CHEMICAL
Page 98 and 99:
3.10. STATIONARY, ONE-DIMENSIONAL M
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
3.11. APPENDIX: NOTATION AND REPERT
Page 106 and 107:
3.11. APPENDIX: NOTATION AND REPERT
Page 108 and 109:
Chapter 4 Combustion Waves 4.1 Deto
Page 110 and 111:
4.2. KINDS OF DETONATIONS AND DEFLA
Page 112 and 113:
4.2. KINDS OF DETONATIONS AND DEFLA
Page 114 and 115:
4.3. VELOCITY OF THE BURNT GASES 95
Page 116 and 117:
4.3. VELOCITY OF THE BURNT GASES 97
Page 118 and 119:
4.4. PROPAGATION VELOCITY 99 p H’
Page 120 and 121:
4.5. APPLICATIONS 101 By substituti
Page 122 and 123:
4.7. INDETERMINACY OF THE SOLUTION
Page 124 and 125:
Chapter 5 Structure of the combusti
Page 126 and 127:
5.2. WAVE EQUATIONS 107 of diffusio
Page 128 and 129:
5.2. WAVE EQUATIONS 109 2) Burnt ga
Page 130 and 131:
5.4. LIMITING FORM OF THE WAVE EQUA
Page 132 and 133:
5.4. LIMITING FORM OF THE WAVE EQUA
Page 134 and 135:
5.5. DETONATIONS 115 Of these two v
Page 136 and 137:
5.5. DETONATIONS 117 waves. Such th
Page 138 and 139:
5.5. DETONATIONS 119 This relation
Page 140 and 141:
5.5. DETONATIONS 121 curves, repres
Page 142 and 143:
5.6. DEFLAGRATIONS 123 mum temperat
Page 144 and 145:
5.6. DEFLAGRATIONS 125 8 7 v/v 1 =T
Page 146 and 147:
5.7. TRANSITION FROM DEFLAGRATION T
Page 148 and 149:
5.7. TRANSITION FROM DEFLAGRATION T
Page 150 and 151:
Chapter 6 Laminar flames 6.1 Introd
Page 152 and 153:
6.1. INTRODUCTION 133 papers presen
Page 154 and 155:
6.3. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS 135 c) Dif
Page 156 and 157:
6.4. MODIFICATION OF THE CONDITIONS
Page 158 and 159:
6.4. MODIFICATION OF THE CONDITIONS
Page 160 and 161:
6.6. EXAMPLE 141 generally impossib
Page 162 and 163:
6.6. EXAMPLE 143 Two more relations
Page 164 and 165:
6.7. REACTION VELOCITY 145 1.0 0.8
Page 166 and 167:
6.8. FLAME EQUATIONS 147 6.8 Flame
Page 168 and 169:
6.9. SOLUTION OF THE FLAME EQUATION
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
6.10. STRUCTURE OF THE COMBUSTION W
Page 180 and 181:
6.11. IGNITION TEMPERATURE 161 6.11
Page 182 and 183:
6.12. GENERAL EQUATIONS FOR THE COM
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
6.13. OZONE DECOMPOSITION FLAME 169
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
6.14. HYDRAZINE DECOMPOSITION FLAME
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
6.15. FLAME PROPAGATION IN HYDROGEN
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
Chapter 7 Turbulent flames 7.1 Intr
Page 228 and 229:
7.1. INTRODUCTION 209 300 250 TURBU
Page 230 and 231:
7.2. TURBULENT COMBUSTION THEORIES
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
7.4. COMPARISON WITH EXPERIMENTAL R
Page 240 and 241:
Chapter 8 Ignition, flammability an
Page 242 and 243:
8.2. IGNITION 223 comparison betwee
Page 244 and 245:
8.3. FLAMMABILITY LIMITS 225 The pr
Page 246 and 247:
8.4. QUENCHING 227 8.4 Quenching So
Page 248 and 249:
8.4. QUENCHING 229 [19] Simon, D. M
Page 250 and 251:
Chapter 9 Flows with combustion wav
Page 252 and 253:
9.2. CONDITIONS THAT MUST BE SATISF
Page 254 and 255:
9.3. NORMAL FLAME FRONT 235 9.3 Nor
Page 256 and 257:
9.4. INCLINED FLAME FRONT 237 60 50
Page 258 and 259:
9.5. ENTROPY JUMP ACROSS THE FLAME
Page 260 and 261:
9.5. ENTROPY JUMP ACROSS THE FLAME
Page 262 and 263:
9.6. VORTICITY ACROSS THE FLAME 243
Page 264 and 265:
Chapter 10 Aerothermodynamic field
Page 266 and 267:
10.1. INTRODUCTION 247 form numeric
Page 268 and 269:
10.1. INTRODUCTION 249 ∆ P /∆ P
Page 270 and 271:
10.2. TSIEN METHOD 251 As aforesaid
Page 272 and 273:
10.2. TSIEN METHOD 253 1.0 λ=6.0 M
Page 274 and 275:
10.3. METHOD OF FABRI-SIESTRUNCK-FO
Page 276 and 277:
10.3. METHOD OF FABRI-SIESTRUNCK-FO
Page 278 and 279:
10.5. CHAMBER WITH SLOWLY VARYING C
Page 280 and 281:
Chapter 11 Similarity in combustion
Page 282 and 283:
11.2. DIMENSIONLESS PARAMETERS OF A
Page 284 and 285:
11.2. DIMENSIONLESS PARAMETERS OF A
Page 286 and 287:
11.3. SCALING OF ROCKETS 267 Furthe
Page 288 and 289:
11.3. SCALING OF ROCKETS 269 From h
Page 290 and 291:
11.4. SCALING OF ROCKETS FOR NON-ST
Page 292 and 293:
11.4. SCALING OF ROCKETS FOR NON-ST
Page 294 and 295:
11.5. FLAME STABILIZATION 275 Flame
Page 296 and 297:
11.5. FLAME STABILIZATION 277 Flame
Page 298 and 299:
11.5. FLAME STABILIZATION 279 which
Page 300 and 301:
Chapter 12 Diffusion flames 12.1 In
Page 302 and 303:
12.1. INTRODUCTION 283 In fact, oth
Page 304 and 305:
12.1. INTRODUCTION 285 which preced
Page 306 and 307:
12.1. INTRODUCTION 287 remains appr
Page 308 and 309:
12.2. GENERAL EQUATIONS FOR LAMINAR
Page 310 and 311:
12.3. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS ON THE FL
Page 312 and 313:
12.4. SIMPLIFIED EQUATIONS 293 As f
Page 314 and 315:
12.4. SIMPLIFIED EQUATIONS 295 whil
Page 316 and 317:
12.5. SOLUTIONS OF THE SIMPLIFIED S
Page 318 and 319:
12.5. SOLUTIONS OF THE SIMPLIFIED S
Page 320 and 321:
Chapter 13 Combustion of liquid fue
Page 322 and 323:
13.2. ATOMIZATION 303 lem has been
Page 324 and 325:
13.4. COMBUSTION 305 solution corre
Page 326 and 327:
13.5. NOTATION 307 2) The phenomeno
Page 328 and 329:
13.6. CONTINUITY EQUATIONS 309 Chem
Page 330 and 331:
13.7. ENERGY EQUATION 311 The value
Page 332 and 333:
13.8. DIFFUSION EQUATIONS 313 13.8
Page 334 and 335:
13.9. COMBUSTION VELOCITY OF THE DR
Page 336 and 337:
13.10. INTEGRATION OF THE EQUATIONS
Page 338 and 339:
13.11. NUMERICAL APPLICATION 319 wh
Page 340 and 341:
13.11. NUMERICAL APPLICATION 321 10
Page 342 and 343:
13.12. COMPARISON WITH EXPERIMENTAL
Page 344 and 345:
13.14. COMBUSTION OF FUEL SPRAYS 32
Page 346 and 347:
13.15. DROPLET EVAPORATION 327 4 0.
Page 348 and 349:
13.15. DROPLET EVAPORATION 329 1 0.
Page 350 and 351:
13.16. APPENDIX: APPLICATION OF PRO
Page 352 and 353:
Page 354 and 355:
show all

Untitled - Aerobib - Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?