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8.4. QUENCHING 229 [19] Simon, D. M. and Belles, F. E.: An Active Particle Diffusion Theory of Flame Quenching for Laminar Flames. NACA Research Memorandum No. RM E51L18, 1952. [20] Wohl, K.: Quenching Flash–Back, Blow–Off. Theory and Experiment. Fourth Symposium (International) on Combustion, Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1953, pp. 68-89. [21] Berlad, A. L. and Potter, A. B.: Effect of Channel Geometry on the Quenching of Laminar Flames. NACA Research Memorandum RM E54C05, 1954. [22] Berlad, A. L.: Flame Quenching by a Variable Width Rectangular–Channel Burner as a Function of Pressure for Various Propane–Oxygen–Nitrogen Mixtures. Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 58, 1954, pp. 1023-1026. [23] Massey, B. S. and Lindley, B. O.: Flame Quenching. Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society, Jan. 1958, pp. 32-42.
230 CHAPTER 8. IGNITION, FLAMMABILITY AND QUENCHING
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Aerothermochemistry Gregorio Millá
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PRESENTACIÓN Amable Liñán Es un
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que no cambiaron los resultados, y
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INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE TÉCNICA AERO
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aim to become acquainted with Aerot
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Tarifa, Manuel de Sendagorta and Ig
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3.4 Energy equation . . . . . . . .
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8.4 Quenching . . . . . . . . . . .
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Chapter 1 Thermochemistry 1.1 Intro
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1.1. INTRODUCTION 3 GAS ε/k (K) σ
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1.1. INTRODUCTION 5 14 12 10 N 2 CH
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1.2. THERMODYNAMIC FUNCTIONS OF AN
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1.2. THERMODYNAMIC FUNCTIONS OF AN
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1.3. MIXTURE OF GASES 11 Helmholtz
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1.3. MIXTURE OF GASES 13 is the par
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1.3. MIXTURE OF GASES 15 Entropy Si
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1.4. CALCULATION OF THE THERMODYNAM
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1.4. CALCULATION OF THE THERMODYNAM
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1.5. CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN A MIXTUR
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1.6. CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM 23 Since
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∆G 0 j = ∑ i 1.7. CASE OF A MIX
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1.7. CASE OF A MIXTURE OF IDEAL GAS
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1.8. CHEMICAL KINETICS 29 1.8 Chemi
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1.8. CHEMICAL KINETICS 31 Mechanics
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1.8. CHEMICAL KINETICS 33 This stru
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1.8. CHEMICAL KINETICS 35 [3] Hirsc
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Chapter 2 Transport phenomena in ga
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2.2. DIFFUSION 39 Hereinafter, nota
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2.2. DIFFUSION 41 where r is the di
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2.2. DIFFUSION 43 T ∗ Ω (1,1)∗
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2.2. DIFFUSION 45 Gas Pair σ 12 (
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2.2. DIFFUSION 47 coefficients. 14
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2.3. VISCOSITIES 49 2.3 Viscosities
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2.3. VISCOSITIES 51 Here µ and µ
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2.3. VISCOSITIES 53 Its value depen
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2.4. THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY 55 2000 1
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2.4. THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY 57 4000 3
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Chapter 3 General equations 3.1 Int
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3.2. EQUATION OF CONTINUITY 61 The
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3.2. EQUATION OF CONTINUITY 63 A i
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3.4. ENERGY EQUATION 65 where the s
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3.4. ENERGY EQUATION 67 The energy
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3.5. GENERAL EQUATIONS 69 obtained
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3.6. ENTROPY VARIATION 71 Taking in
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3.7. ONE-DIMENSIONAL MOTIONS 73 red
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3.8. STATIONARY, ONE-DIMENSIONAL MO
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3.9. THE CASE OF ONLY TWO CHEMICAL
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3.10. STATIONARY, ONE-DIMENSIONAL M
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3.11. APPENDIX: NOTATION AND REPERT
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3.11. APPENDIX: NOTATION AND REPERT
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Chapter 4 Combustion Waves 4.1 Deto
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4.2. KINDS OF DETONATIONS AND DEFLA
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4.2. KINDS OF DETONATIONS AND DEFLA
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4.3. VELOCITY OF THE BURNT GASES 95
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4.3. VELOCITY OF THE BURNT GASES 97
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4.4. PROPAGATION VELOCITY 99 p H’
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4.5. APPLICATIONS 101 By substituti
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4.7. INDETERMINACY OF THE SOLUTION
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Chapter 5 Structure of the combusti
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5.2. WAVE EQUATIONS 107 of diffusio
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5.2. WAVE EQUATIONS 109 2) Burnt ga
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5.4. LIMITING FORM OF THE WAVE EQUA
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5.4. LIMITING FORM OF THE WAVE EQUA
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5.5. DETONATIONS 115 Of these two v
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5.5. DETONATIONS 117 waves. Such th
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5.5. DETONATIONS 119 This relation
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5.5. DETONATIONS 121 curves, repres
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5.6. DEFLAGRATIONS 123 mum temperat
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5.6. DEFLAGRATIONS 125 8 7 v/v 1 =T
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5.7. TRANSITION FROM DEFLAGRATION T
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5.7. TRANSITION FROM DEFLAGRATION T
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Chapter 6 Laminar flames 6.1 Introd
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6.1. INTRODUCTION 133 papers presen
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6.3. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS 135 c) Dif
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6.4. MODIFICATION OF THE CONDITIONS
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6.4. MODIFICATION OF THE CONDITIONS
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6.6. EXAMPLE 141 generally impossib
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6.6. EXAMPLE 143 Two more relations
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6.7. REACTION VELOCITY 145 1.0 0.8
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6.8. FLAME EQUATIONS 147 6.8 Flame
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6.9. SOLUTION OF THE FLAME EQUATION
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6.10. STRUCTURE OF THE COMBUSTION W
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6.11. IGNITION TEMPERATURE 161 6.11
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6.12. GENERAL EQUATIONS FOR THE COM
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6.13. OZONE DECOMPOSITION FLAME 169
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6.14. HYDRAZINE DECOMPOSITION FLAME
Page 198 and 199: 6.14. HYDRAZINE DECOMPOSITION FLAME
Page 206 and 207: 6.15. FLAME PROPAGATION IN HYDROGEN
Page 226 and 227: Chapter 7 Turbulent flames 7.1 Intr
Page 228 and 229: 7.1. INTRODUCTION 209 300 250 TURBU
Page 230 and 231: 7.2. TURBULENT COMBUSTION THEORIES
Page 238 and 239: 7.4. COMPARISON WITH EXPERIMENTAL R
Page 240 and 241: Chapter 8 Ignition, flammability an
Page 242 and 243: 8.2. IGNITION 223 comparison betwee
Page 244 and 245: 8.3. FLAMMABILITY LIMITS 225 The pr
Page 246 and 247: 8.4. QUENCHING 227 8.4 Quenching So
Page 250 and 251: Chapter 9 Flows with combustion wav
Page 252 and 253: 9.2. CONDITIONS THAT MUST BE SATISF
Page 254 and 255: 9.3. NORMAL FLAME FRONT 235 9.3 Nor
Page 256 and 257: 9.4. INCLINED FLAME FRONT 237 60 50
Page 258 and 259: 9.5. ENTROPY JUMP ACROSS THE FLAME
Page 260 and 261: 9.5. ENTROPY JUMP ACROSS THE FLAME
Page 262 and 263: 9.6. VORTICITY ACROSS THE FLAME 243
Page 264 and 265: Chapter 10 Aerothermodynamic field
Page 266 and 267: 10.1. INTRODUCTION 247 form numeric
Page 268 and 269: 10.1. INTRODUCTION 249 ∆ P /∆ P
Page 270 and 271: 10.2. TSIEN METHOD 251 As aforesaid
Page 272 and 273: 10.2. TSIEN METHOD 253 1.0 λ=6.0 M
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Page 278 and 279: 10.5. CHAMBER WITH SLOWLY VARYING C
Page 280 and 281: Chapter 11 Similarity in combustion
Page 282 and 283: 11.2. DIMENSIONLESS PARAMETERS OF A
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Page 286 and 287: 11.3. SCALING OF ROCKETS 267 Furthe
Page 288 and 289: 11.3. SCALING OF ROCKETS 269 From h
Page 290 and 291: 11.4. SCALING OF ROCKETS FOR NON-ST
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Page 294 and 295: 11.5. FLAME STABILIZATION 275 Flame
Page 296 and 297: 11.5. FLAME STABILIZATION 277 Flame
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11.5. FLAME STABILIZATION 279 which
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Chapter 12 Diffusion flames 12.1 In
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12.1. INTRODUCTION 283 In fact, oth
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12.1. INTRODUCTION 285 which preced
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12.1. INTRODUCTION 287 remains appr
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12.2. GENERAL EQUATIONS FOR LAMINAR
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12.3. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS ON THE FL
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12.4. SIMPLIFIED EQUATIONS 293 As f
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12.4. SIMPLIFIED EQUATIONS 295 whil
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12.5. SOLUTIONS OF THE SIMPLIFIED S
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12.5. SOLUTIONS OF THE SIMPLIFIED S
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Chapter 13 Combustion of liquid fue
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13.2. ATOMIZATION 303 lem has been
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13.4. COMBUSTION 305 solution corre
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13.5. NOTATION 307 2) The phenomeno
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13.6. CONTINUITY EQUATIONS 309 Chem
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13.7. ENERGY EQUATION 311 The value
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13.8. DIFFUSION EQUATIONS 313 13.8
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13.9. COMBUSTION VELOCITY OF THE DR
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13.10. INTEGRATION OF THE EQUATIONS
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13.11. NUMERICAL APPLICATION 319 wh
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13.11. NUMERICAL APPLICATION 321 10
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13.12. COMPARISON WITH EXPERIMENTAL
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13.14. COMBUSTION OF FUEL SPRAYS 32
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13.15. DROPLET EVAPORATION 327 4 0.
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13.15. DROPLET EVAPORATION 329 1 0.
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13.16. APPENDIX: APPLICATION OF PRO
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