Desktop Study on - Regional Climate Change Adaptation ...

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<strong>Desktop</strong> <strong>Study</strong> Figure 34: Institutional organization concerning climate change (Source: MRC, 2009) National Board on Climate Change Policy Policy on Carbon Sinks Policy on Emission Sources Policy on Vulnerability and Adaptation Board of Thailand Greenhouse Management Organization (TGO Board) Thailand Greenhouse Management Organization (TGO) Project Analytical Unit Registration and Information Service Center Marketing and Promotion Unit Monitoring Unit Capacity Building Unit comes from His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej; his concept of Sufficiency Economy have provided the needed safeguards against the effect of climate change on the livelihoods and the socio-economic development of the Thai people, especially in times of severe droughts and floods (GPRD, 2009). The Regional and Rural Development Planning of the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) in Bangkok, Thailand (2009), developed the study Communitybased adaptation to climate change: the case of Thailand. This study has employed a number of participatory rural appraisal research techniques and has attempted to develop a local adaptation enhancement model based on the Adaptation Policy Framework (APF) developed by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), within Thailand local context, focusing on the flooding due to climate change. The aim of the study is to provide a net contribution to the fields of climate change and rural and regional planning by integrating these fields using a vulnerability-based (bottom-up) approach into local development planning. This serves as an alternative to the current scenario-based approach to vulnerability and adaptation assessment, which is the dominant approach currently adopted by climate scientists (Permpibul and Routray, 2009). CROSS-SECTORAL INSTITUTIONAL SETTINGS Two different domains could be identified as being cross-sectoral institutional arrangements, i.e. climate change institutions, on the one hand, and institutional settings concerning disaster risk reduction, on the other hand. Climate Change Thailand guides it’s economic and social development with the 5-year National Economic and Social Development Plans. Also among its environmental policy can be found the 5-year Environmental Quality Management Plans; both have incorporated climate change issues into social and economic development strategies and the National Committee on Climate Change has played an important role in drawing up a national strategy to address climate change issues. An Expert Committee on Climate Change has been established to provide technical recommendations to the Committee. In 2004, the Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP), which forms part of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment was designated as the national climate 98
Assessment of Capacity Gaps and Needs of South East Asia Countries in Addressing Impacts, Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Variability and Climate Change change focal point. In 2007, Thailand established the National Board on Climate Change Policy, and the Climate Change Coordinating Unit under ONEP (See Figure 34). The country further established the Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (TGO) as a public organization under the Ministry and the Designated National Authority (DNA) for Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects (MRC, 2009). The membership of the National Board on Climate Change Policy is wide and includes representatives of line ministries, research institutes and the economic interests. The Board is chaired by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. Thailand Initial National Communication under the UNFCCC Thailand ratified the UNFCCC in March 1995; later, in August 2002, ratified the Kyoto Protocol. From 1997 to 2000 the country developed the Initial National Communication to UNFCCC, which was funded by Global Environment Facility. In 2006, the Second National Communication to UNFCCC was commenced. The initial communication recalls the contribution of the country to the international efforts on climate change, as a non-Annex I country. The document is an overview of Thailand’s situation regarding climate issues and capability to respond to it together with mitigation options; also it reviews vulnerability and adaptation strategies, policies and measures taken, and the areas where Thailand still lacks the capacity to address climate change problems. The contents of the communication are divided into nine chapters, starting with the introduction chapter and finishing with the epilogue. Between both, there is a description of the country characteristics, socioeconomic aspects, climate and topography, energy, etc. doing afterwards a review of the inventory of Green House Gases, and the projections for all of them, as well as the available mitigation options. Subsequently, it goes through vulnerability and adaptation issues, always focusing in five sectors, which are natural forest, water resources, agriculture, coastal resources and health. The rest three chapters are devoted to policies and measures, financial resources, technology transfer and capacity building and education and public awareness. National Action Plan on Climate Change and National Strategy on Climate Change The National Action Plan on Climate Change of Thailand, which was completed in 2000, enables the country to establish a national framework on climate change for mitigating emissions of GHGs and adapting to the adverse impacts. National goals and objectives were established for the formulation of the action plan. The adaptation plans were designed based on available information from systematic assessments of the key sectors described for the initial national communication: forests; water resources; coastal resources; health and agriculture (MRC, 2009). The Action Plan involved the establishment of the National Climate Change Office (NCCO) and the National Climate Change Fund (NCCF) to facilitate its implementation. The Thailand’s Strategic Plan on Climate Change 2008 – 2012 (B.E. 2551- 2555 (2008‐2012)) was approved in January 2008 and formulated by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment to respond to climate change challenges. It aims to be country’s first response to climate change, to remove existing barriers to climate change implementation, and to promote an integrated approach of problemsolving by relevant agencies in various sectors. The main objective of Thailand’s Strategic Plan on Climate Change (2008‐2012) is to provide a guideline of national responses to climate change challenges. It is essential that national‐level and local‐level agencies with relevant mandates develop their own action plan that corresponds to the guidelines set forth in the Strategic Plan. The Ministry is now initiating the Action Plan Development Process among relevant agencies, expected to be completed this year (MRC, 2009). It outlines measures that need to be undertaken by various agencies, which include (ONEP, 2008): Strategy 1: Build capacity to adapt and reduce vulnerabilities to climate change impacts Strategy 2: Support greenhouse gas emissions reduction and add more carbon dioxide sinks on integrity development, which objective is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve production technology base to clean technology Strategy 3: Support research and development to better understand climate change, its impacts and adaptation and mitigation options Strategy 4: Raise awareness and promote public participation 99
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RESEARCH SYNTHESIS ON INDONESIA 69
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DPA DEVELOPMENT PARTNERSHIP IN ACTI
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NSCCC NATIONAL STEERING COMMITTEE O
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FIGURE 19: PERCENTAGE OF DAMAGE (US
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION Sout
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put in place management systems for
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There are several good initiatives
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Conclusion This study takes precede
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Assessment of Capacity Gaps and Nee
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Lao PDR has a tropical climate domi
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Viet Nam has a tropical monsoon cli
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Boer, R. (2009). A model for assess
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Jose, A. M. and N. A. Cruz (1999).
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Ne Winn. (2007). The status of GHG
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12/23/2009 from http://www.phnompen
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Secretariat AdaptationKnowledgePlat
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