Desktop Study on - Regional Climate Change Adaptation ...

Assessment of Capacity Gaps and Needs of South East Asia Countries
in Addressing Impacts, Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Variability and Climate Change
RESEARCH SYNTHESIS ON INDONESIA
COUNTRY
CHARACTERISTICS
Information on Indonesia’s geographical, social,
economic and climatic risk situations are covered
in this section. An overview of the country’s
characteristics is given in Table 7.
Geographic Attributes
Indonesia is the world’s largest archipelago
country, including a coast line length of 81,000
km and consisting of 17,508 islands (Republic of
Indonesia, 1999). The main islands are Sumatra,
Java, Kalimantan, Borneo (two-thirds of the island
are Indonesian land), Sulawesi and Irian Jaya. The
archipelago is located on two shelves (Sunda Shelf as
continuation of the Asian mainland and Sahul Shelf of
Australia and New Guinea), dividing the islands into
three groups that are for example having different
sea depths (233 meters up to 5,000 meters). Due to
the location on these shelves, the whole archipelago
of Indonesia is prone to tidal waves and earthquakes.
Indonesia is mainly mountainous, with the highest
mountain being 5,030 meters (Mount Jayawijaya)
and including about 400 volcanoes of which 100 are
active (Republic of Indonesia, 1999).
Table_7
Indonesia country profile
overview
Country level information (CIA, 2010, Republic of
Indonesia, 1999, UNdata, 2009, WHO and UNICEF, 2006b)
Surface area (million km2) 1.9
Bordering countries
Population, 2009 (million) 240
Population density, 2007 (per km2) 121.6
Population growth rate, 2005-2010 (%
per year)
Mountainous land (% of total area)
Agricultural land, 1994
(% of total area)
Timor-Leste,
Malaysia,
Papua New
Guinea
1.2
Predominantly
mountainous
6.8
(plantation)
4.4 (rice fields,
wetlands)
GDP, 2008 (estimated, billion US$)
Contribution of agricultural sector to
GDP, 2008 (projected, %)
Contribution of industrial sector to
GDP, 2008 (projected, %)
Contribution of service sector to GDP,
2008 (projected, %)
Percentage of population, 2007 (%) in
- rural areas
- urban areas
Population below poverty line, 2006
(% of total population)
Infant mortality rate, 2009 (per 1 000
live births)
511.8
14.4
48.1
37.5
49.6
50.4
17.8
29.9
Adult literacy rate, 2004 (%) 90.4
Access to improved drinking water
sources, 2006 (% of total population)
in
- rural areas
- urban areas
71%
89%
69