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Historic Context In 1954, the government realized that closing the borders brought nothing more than poverty. Therefore, they began the phase of International opening. Upon the beginning of the guerra fría (Cold War), Franco realized that he had to leave behind many of the practices that he had copied from the Italian Fascism, such as greeting with a raised arm, the obligatory hymns such as “Cara al sol” and the massive concentrations such as when he inaugurated the Ciudad Universitaria in 1943. He emphasized his bond with the Catholic Church and his anticommunist position. As a result, this brought about a new friendship- that of with the United States. Thanks to this international opening, the economic situation in Spain began to get better (Monlau, 2006). Many participants began to distribute the Americans milk. This was another motive for the girls to leave class. They had to go prepare the milk that they later had to distribute to everyone in school (Personal interview, 2005). After the phase of the international opening, that lasted from 1954 to 1960, came the phase of development. This was during the fabulous 1970s. The presence of foreign tourists was seen in Spain. This presence, especially those of the Swedes, caused a great sensation for all that they taught on the beaches. The arrival of the television changed the habitats of the population that no longer remained stuck to the radio, but instead gathered around the TV either in their homes or in the “teleclubs” (cafeteria or bar-like places where people would go to watch television). Boys Promotion 1958-1964 Photo provided by Arcadio Varona Nevertheless, Ciadoncha maintained its modesty. The uncoverings were seen on the television and were somewhat foreign to them. It is interesting to see the photos of the different classes of children in the schools of Ciadoncha. The economic situation that crossed the country is reflected in the children’s faces and form of dress. 128
Female Section. Ciadoncha Photo provided by Angelines Varona In the 1960s the Female Section arrived in Ciadoncha. This type of education had the goal of teaching the women how to be good housewives, good mothers and how to be responsible of maintaining the customs and traditions in the family. Cross of the Missions. Photo provided by Arcadio Varona There were also special things for the men during the time of Franco, such as spiritual retreats in 1964 that promoted religious formation. With such a motive, a cross was constructed which was placed by the path (today a road) of Santa Maria for a long time. 129
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CIADONCHA SO MANY MEMORIES! Transla
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CONTENT Introduction …………
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this town. The stories are only eng
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For the historical context, I have
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CHAPTER 1 THE TOWN AND ITS PEOPLE C
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A main road crosses Ciadoncha calle
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Well where the water comes out for
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Road to Prescencio in the 70s Photo
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CHAPTER 2 EVOLUTION OF THE POPULATI
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The mobility to the big cities that
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the land owners, nor by the Catholi
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One day, some children came to tell
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CHAPTER 3 A BIT OF HISTORY The name
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CHAPTER 4 THE CHURCH The biggest ar
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A vault with the inscription 1551 i
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Another exceptional piece is that o
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The stained glass window that appea
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contract by the INEM (National Inst
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1919 they attempt again, but again
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the sacristy of the church, wherein
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Returning to a priest’s function
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As was said previously, life in the
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Some nativity scenes are more elabo
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when we have so much food and so mu
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If “el gordo’ does not come for
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A group of women singing the wise m
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Men in the bar after mass. 2006 Pho
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Today is the first (second, third)
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And the procession begins The silve
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And goes to give mass. The allusion
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The last big holiday celebrated in
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CHAPTER 6 THE FOOD The Little Onion
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of thyme. It is then passed to a wi
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Daily life in Ciadoncha during thes
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CHAPATER 7 THE MATANZA The matanza
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Burning the pig’s hair. 1984 Phot
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Cooking the sausages. 1984 Photo Lu
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Making the mixture for the soap. 20
Page 78 and 79: The wine cellars have been much mor
Page 80 and 81: Women celebrating someone’s birth
Page 82 and 83: One of the participants commented t
Page 84 and 85: With time, the majority of houses i
Page 86 and 87: The bedrooms had beds with a headbo
Page 88 and 89: pots full of colorful flowers that
Page 90 and 91: Angel Varona Temiño with his small
Page 92 and 93: Water fountain. Drinking water in t
Page 94 and 95: The majority of the participants re
Page 96 and 97: CHAPTER 10 THE CYCLE OF LIFE I want
Page 98 and 99: Others who had their children later
Page 100 and 101: The “tabas” were the bones from
Page 102 and 103: The stream brought many memories to
Page 104 and 105: Children playing in front of the sc
Page 106 and 107: Marcos Arroyo with his grandparents
Page 108 and 109: For families, having a son be a pri
Page 110 and 111: Another generation told me that the
Page 112 and 113: The youth from the 70s and 80s had
Page 114 and 115: Emiliano Galiana Porres and María
Page 116 and 117: Youth of the 60s. Photo provided by
Page 118 and 119: Women standing in the doorway of th
Page 120 and 121: participants value the most of this
Page 122 and 123: Cemetery of Ciadoncha in 2006 Photo
Page 124 and 125: Religious Education http://www.geoc
Page 126 and 127: could not do it they could just era
Page 130 and 131: Promotion 1964-1970 Photo provided
Page 132 and 133: School for males during the 1950s P
Page 134 and 135: CHAPTER 12 AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOC
Page 136 and 137: One participant who has been a farm
Page 138 and 139: Another participant remembered nigh
Page 140 and 141: Harvesting in Ciadoncha. 1991 Photo
Page 142 and 143: Sheep grazing. 1984 Photo Lucía Va
Page 144 and 145: e able to rest a little. During the
Page 146 and 147: Old Machinery In the mid 70s one co
Page 148 and 149: An abandoned cart in the 70s For a
Page 150 and 151: Winnowing on the lands. Photo expos
Page 152 and 153: CHAPTER 13 SANTA BÁRBARA CULTURAL
Page 154 and 155: A true desire for investigation was
Page 156 and 157: smile upon seeing their fathers or
Page 158 and 159: First ethnological exposition. 1991
Page 160 and 161: agricultural culture, but also educ
Page 162 and 163: Cultural Week. 1994. Photo by Photo
Page 164 and 165: Bibliography Antehistoria.com http:
Page 166: Varona, Lucía. T. “La comunidad
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