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The mobility to the big cities that was seen during this era was also due to the
industrialization. This is the time that Barcelona, Madrid, Bilbao, Gijón with harbor
traffic, Valencia, Sevilla, Salamanca, Vigo, Córdoba and Zaragoza grew. Businessmen
and industries arose because of the First World War. In 1930, only 29% of the
population was dedicated to nutritious industries (Juliá, 447-448). Left behind, remained
the anguish for the sense of life that the young writers of 98 had so much published.
Influence from the church was very weak and the young dedicated themselves to
the diversion to cities more than to respect the teachings of the Catholic Church which
their parents had followed so closely. The workers affiliated themselves with unions and
the professionals reunited in meetings, editorial offices or literary societies. It was the
famous crazy years (the decade from 1920 to 1930) throughout the whole world. During
this era, the anticlericalism (against church influence in politics) in Spain gave rise to the
burning of churches and convents and to the rejection of anything related to the church.
In 1923 general Primo de Rivera obtained the power through a coup d'etat and at
first governed by means of the army through a military directorship.
Miguel Primo de Rivera, by José Ribera
Modern Art Museum of Barcelona. Oil on cloth.
http://www.artehistoria.com/
On the electronic link of “Sí España” (Yes Spain) we can find the following
summary of the political life of this era.
The dictatorship of Primo de Rivera resolved some of the many problems
that destroyed the country: he ended the war in Africa, developed local
governments and presented an ambitious program of public works.
Nevertheless, the intent to return to a constitutional government
establishing a consultative National Assembly (1926) failed with the
refusal of the rough draft of the Spanish Monarchy Constitution in 1929.
The decade of 1930-1940 was full of political and social instability. In the
autumn of 1930 the revolutionary was committed and as the doctor of Sociology and
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