BENEDICT DE SPINOZA: Theological-Political Treatise

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Theological-Political Treatise whether he was of good morals, whether he had certain and indubitable signs of his mission, and whether what he wanted to say in God’s name agreed with accepted doctrine and the common laws of the country. If the signs were unsatisfactory or the doctrine was new, he could rightly 214 condemn him to death, but if all was well, he was accepted solely on the authority and testimony of the leader. [21] There is also, fourthly, the fact that the leader did not surpass the rest in nobility, nor by right of blood. The government of the state belonged to him only because of his age and his virtue. [22] There is, ¢nally, also the advantage that the leaders and body of the armed forces could not be carried away by a desire for war rather than peace. For the armed forces, as we said, consisted only of citizens, and therefore matters ofwar as well as of peace were handled by these same men.The man whowas a soldier in the camp was a citizen in the assembly; the o⁄cer in the camp was a judge in the council of elders; and the general in the camp was a leader in the state. Hence no one could desire war for war’s sake, but only for the sake of peace and the protection of freedom. Perhaps also a leader abstained from novelties so far as he could, so that he would not be obliged to come before the high priest and su¡er the indignity of standing in his presence. So much for the factors that kept political leaders within bounds. [23] We must now see by what means the people were held in check, and this too is clearly indicated by the principles of their government. Anyone willing to pay any attention to these will immediately see that they must have aroused in the minds of the citizens such a unique love that it would be the hardest thing in the world to induce them to betray their country or defect from it. On the contrary, they must all have been ready to su¡er death rather than tolerate a foreign power. For having transferred their right to God, they believed their kingdom was the kingdom of God, that they alone were the children of God and that other nations were enemies of God, whom for that reason they regarded with extreme hostility (believing as they did that this was pious: see Psalm 139.21^2). Nothing was more abhorrent to them than to swear loyalty to a foreigner and to promise allegiance to him. No greater disgrace, nothing more detestable could be imagined than to betray their country, the very kingdom of God. Just to go and live outside the country was 222
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CAMBRIDGE TEXTS IN THE HISTORY OF P
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CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridg
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Contents is then asked whether they
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Introduction Spinoza’s aims The T
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Introduction of society more genera
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Introduction The ‘tr ue me aning
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Introduction occurrences they canno
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Introduction often consciously anta
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Introduction Spinoza claims that Ch
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Introduction to form a tactical and
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Introduction of the Early Enlighten
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Introduction churches in his view a
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Introduction deal were the Dutch an
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Introduction and consequently the m
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Introduction should b e p e r mitte
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Introduction The ¢rst of many publ
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Introduction certainly the historic
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1656 July 27, the twenty-four-year-
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Further reading The best recent acc
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Further reading ‘Hobbes and Spino
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Note on the text and translation Th
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Note on the text and translation Bu
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Note on the text and translation un
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Preface 5 [1] If men were always ab
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Preface been most in£uential with
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Preface servitude, as well as our a
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Preface make a fresh examinati on o
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Preface which is that this lib e r
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chapter 1 15 On prophecy [1] Prophe
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On prophecy [6] Truly, however, wha
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On prophecy express or explain in i
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On prophecy ‘But that is not how
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On prophecy spirit’ hatred and me
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On prophecy Further,‘spirit of Go
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On prophecy men’, ‘men were ¢l
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chapter 2 On the prophe ts [1] It f
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On the prophets and miracles to tes
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On the prophets ignorant of future
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On the prophets all remained obscur
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On the prophets put it this way, th
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On the prophets supreme God, or (to
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On the prophets command of the law.
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On the prophets although the words
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chapter 3 On the vocation of the He
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On the vocation of the Hebrews decr
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On the vocation of the Hebrews For
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On the vocation of the Hebrews Scr
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On the vocation of the Hebrews down
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On the vocation of the Hebrews the
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On the vocation of the Hebrews As f
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chapter 4 On the divine law [1] The
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On the divine law ‘a constant and
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On the divine law [6] If we now con
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On the divine law as a ruling, that
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On the divine law common people and
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On the divine law be sweet to you,
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On ceremonies and narratives people
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On ceremonies and narratives God’
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On ceremonies and narratives they a
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On ceremonies and narratives could
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On ceremonies and narratives [16] L
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On ceremonies and narratives chroni
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chapter 6 81 On miracles [1] Just a
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On miracles is not distinct from Go
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On miracles without risk of doubt.
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On miracles but cannot to be made o
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On miracles This is why the Jews an
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On miracles [15] Yet someone may pe
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On miracles But this is not the sol
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On miracles I could not infer from
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chapter 7 97 On the interpretation
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On the interpretation of Scripture
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Pentateuch, Joshua, Judges, Ruth, S
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Furtherqueries 32.32). 1 It is word
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Furtherqueries and that his words h
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Furtherqueries It begins,‘Saulwas
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Furtherqueries this topic and chall
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Furtherqueries appears penned corre
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Furtherqueries illustrate all this
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Furtherqueries preserve a space of
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Remaining Old Testament books Philo
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Remaining Old Testament books Again
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Remaining Old Testament books books
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Remaining Old Testament books i m m
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Remaining Old Testament books sever
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chapter 11 Where it is asked whethe
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Apostles and prophets amount to no
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Apostles and prophets preach to eve
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Apostles and prophets [7] However,
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chapter 12 On the true original tex
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Divine law and the word of God in s
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Divine law and the word of God lett
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Divine law and the word of God (3)
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Divine law and the word of God huma
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The teachings of Scripture [2] I ne
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The teachings of Scripture the divi
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The teachings of Scripture [9] It i
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Faith and philosophy p e rs e cute
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Faith and philosophy does not love,
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Faith and philosophy (5) Worship of
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Faith and philosophy condemns as he
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Theology and reason Although this a
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Theology and reason his own authori
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Theology and reason what is properl
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Theology and reason unadulterated a
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chapter 16 189 On the foundations o
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Theological-Political Treatise rati
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239 chapter 20 Where it is shown th
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Theological-Political Treatise [5]
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Theological-Political Treatise read
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Theological-Political Treatise hist
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and the Dutch provincial assemblies
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Annotations: Spinoza’s supplement
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Annotations the ability, while awak
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Annotations [C hapte r 9 ] Annotati
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Annotations therefore include the e
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Annotations A n notatio n 20 (p. 13
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Annotations on, is a r idiculous ¢
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Annotations certainly free to the e
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Annotations 266 Annotation 38:(p.21
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Index Abigail 29 ‘abovenature’,
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Index philosopher xlvi, 37, 110, 11
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Index 247, 249, 251, 252, 253, 255,
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Kant Critique of Practical Reason (
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BENEDICT DE SPINOZA: Theological-Political Treatise

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