BENEDICT DE SPINOZA: Theological-Political Treatise

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Theological-Political Treatise left, but that was a great and arduous task more because of the character of the nation and the obstinacy of their superstition than because there remained su⁄cient strength in the besieged to bear their dire situation’. [25] Apart from these factors, whose impact stemmed from opinion alone, there was another aspect to this state, a very solid factor unique to them which must have very much discouraged the citizens from thinking about defection or ever conceiving a desire to desert their country.This is consideration of their interest which is the life and strength of all human 216 actions. It was I say uniquely powerful in this state. For nowhere else did citizens hold their possessions with a stronger right than this state’s subjects. They held an equal portion of the lands and ¢elds with the leader, and each one was the perpetual owner of his share. If anyone was compelled by poverty to sell his estate or ¢eld, he had to be restored to it again when the Jubilee came around, and there were other customs of this kind to ensure that no one could be dispossessed of his allotted property. Nowhere could poverty be more tolerable, than where it was a matter of the highest piety to practise charity towards one’s neighbour, that is, towards one’s fellow-citizen, so that God their king would continue to look with favour upon them. Hebrew citizens therefore could live well only within their own land;outside of it there was nothing[for them] but loss and shame. Other signi¢cant factors helped to retain the citizens on their native soil, as well as obviate civil wars and remove causes of con£ict. No one was subject to his equal, each being subject only to God. Charity and love towards one’s fellow citizen were esteemed as the highest piety and considerably reinforced by the shared animosity with which they viewed other nations and vice versa. But the most potent factor was the strong discipline of obedience in which they were brought up. Every single thing they had to do according to a speci¢c prescript of the Law. They could not plough as and when they pleased, but could only do so at certain times and in particular years, andwith only one kind of beast at a time; they could sow and reap only in a certain way and at a particular time; their lives without exception were a continual practice of obedience (on this issue see chapter 5 on the use of ceremonies). To people wholly accustomed to this, it must have appeared to be freedom rather than slavery; surely no one could have desiredwhatwas forbidden,only whatwas prescribed. Another key factor seems to have been that at certain times of the year they were under obligation to devote themselves to leisure and 224
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CAMBRIDGE TEXTS IN THE HISTORY OF P
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CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridg
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Contents is then asked whether they
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Introduction Spinoza’s aims The T
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Introduction of society more genera
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Introduction The ‘tr ue me aning
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Introduction occurrences they canno
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Introduction often consciously anta
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Introduction Spinoza claims that Ch
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Introduction to form a tactical and
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Introduction of the Early Enlighten
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Introduction churches in his view a
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Introduction deal were the Dutch an
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Introduction and consequently the m
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Introduction should b e p e r mitte
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Introduction The ¢rst of many publ
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Introduction certainly the historic
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1656 July 27, the twenty-four-year-
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Further reading The best recent acc
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Further reading ‘Hobbes and Spino
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Note on the text and translation Th
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Note on the text and translation Bu
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Note on the text and translation un
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Preface 5 [1] If men were always ab
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Preface been most in£uential with
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Preface servitude, as well as our a
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Preface make a fresh examinati on o
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Preface which is that this lib e r
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chapter 1 15 On prophecy [1] Prophe
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On prophecy [6] Truly, however, wha
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On prophecy express or explain in i
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On prophecy ‘But that is not how
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On prophecy spirit’ hatred and me
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On prophecy Further,‘spirit of Go
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On prophecy men’, ‘men were ¢l
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chapter 2 On the prophe ts [1] It f
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On the prophets and miracles to tes
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On the prophets ignorant of future
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On the prophets all remained obscur
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On the prophets put it this way, th
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On the prophets supreme God, or (to
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On the prophets command of the law.
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On the prophets although the words
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chapter 3 On the vocation of the He
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On the vocation of the Hebrews decr
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On the vocation of the Hebrews For
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On the vocation of the Hebrews Scr
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On the vocation of the Hebrews down
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On the vocation of the Hebrews the
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On the vocation of the Hebrews As f
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chapter 4 On the divine law [1] The
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On the divine law ‘a constant and
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On the divine law [6] If we now con
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On the divine law as a ruling, that
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On the divine law common people and
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On the divine law be sweet to you,
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On ceremonies and narratives people
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On ceremonies and narratives God’
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On ceremonies and narratives they a
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On ceremonies and narratives could
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On ceremonies and narratives [16] L
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On ceremonies and narratives chroni
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chapter 6 81 On miracles [1] Just a
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On miracles is not distinct from Go
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On miracles without risk of doubt.
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On miracles but cannot to be made o
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On miracles This is why the Jews an
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On miracles [15] Yet someone may pe
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On miracles But this is not the sol
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On miracles I could not infer from
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chapter 7 97 On the interpretation
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On the interpretation of Scripture
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Pentateuch, Joshua, Judges, Ruth, S
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Furtherqueries 32.32). 1 It is word
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Furtherqueries and that his words h
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Furtherqueries It begins,‘Saulwas
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Furtherqueries this topic and chall
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Furtherqueries appears penned corre
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Furtherqueries illustrate all this
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Furtherqueries preserve a space of
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Remaining Old Testament books Philo
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Remaining Old Testament books Again
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Remaining Old Testament books books
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Remaining Old Testament books i m m
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Remaining Old Testament books sever
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chapter 11 Where it is asked whethe
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Apostles and prophets amount to no
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Apostles and prophets preach to eve
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Apostles and prophets [7] However,
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chapter 12 On the true original tex
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Divine law and the word of God in s
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Divine law and the word of God lett
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Divine law and the word of God (3)
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Divine law and the word of God huma
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The teachings of Scripture [2] I ne
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The teachings of Scripture the divi
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The teachings of Scripture [9] It i
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Faith and philosophy p e rs e cute
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Faith and philosophy does not love,
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Faith and philosophy (5) Worship of
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Faith and philosophy condemns as he
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Theology and reason Although this a
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Theology and reason his own authori
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Theology and reason what is properl
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Theology and reason unadulterated a
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chapter 16 189 On the foundations o
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Foundations of the state means ^ by
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239 chapter 20 Where it is shown th
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Theological-Political Treatise [5]
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Theological-Political Treatise read
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Theological-Political Treatise hist
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and the Dutch provincial assemblies
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Annotations: Spinoza’s supplement
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Annotations the ability, while awak
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Annotations [C hapte r 9 ] Annotati
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Annotations therefore include the e
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Annotations A n notatio n 20 (p. 13
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Annotations on, is a r idiculous ¢
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Annotations certainly free to the e
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Annotations 266 Annotation 38:(p.21
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Index Abigail 29 ‘abovenature’,
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Index philosopher xlvi, 37, 110, 11
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Index 247, 249, 251, 252, 253, 255,
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Kant Critique of Practical Reason (
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BENEDICT DE SPINOZA: Theological-Political Treatise

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