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Chien, Colleen V. 2012. “Reforming Software Patents.” Legal Studies Research Paper Series. Santa Clara, CA: Santa Clara University School of Law. Coase, Ronald H. 1959. “The Federal Communications Commission,” Journal of Law and Economics 2: 1-40. Council of Economic Advisers, the National Economic Council, and the Office of Science & Technology Policy. 2013. “Patent Assertion and U.S. Innovation.” The White House. CEA (Council of Economic Advisers). _____. 2010. “Work-Life Balance and the Economics of Workplace Flexibility.”(March). _____. 2012 “The Economic Benefits of New Spectrum for Wireless Broadband.” Cramton, Peter and Jesse A. Schwartz. 2000. “Collusive Bidding: Lessons from the FCC Spectrum Auctions,” Journal of Regulatory Economics 17: 229-252. _____. 2002. “Collusive Bidding in the FCC Spectrum Auctions,” Contributions to Economic Analysis & Policy 1: 1-18. Deardorff, Alan V. 1991. “Welfare Effects of Global Patent Protection.” Economica 59 (May): 35-51. Delgado, Mercedes, Christian Ketels, Michael E. Porter, and Scott Stern. 2012. “The Determinants of National Competiveness.” Working Paper 18249. Cambridge, MA.: National Bureau of Economic Research (July). Department of Justice and United States Patent and Trademark Office. 2013. Policy Statement on Remedies for Standard-Essential Patents Subject to Voluntary FRAND Commitments. Government Printing Office. DiNardo, John, Nicole M Fortin, and Thomas Lemieux. 1996. “Labor Market Institutions and the Distribution of Wages, 1973-1992: A Semiparametric Approach.” Econometrica 64(5), 1001–1044. Evenson, Robert, and Sunil Kanwar. 2003. “Does intellectual property spur technological change” Oxford Economic Papers 55: 235-264. Fairris, David, and Mark Brenner. 2001. “Workplace Transformation and the Rise in Cumulative Trauma Disorders: Is There a Connection” Journal of Labor Research XXII, no.1 (Winter): 15-28. Falvey, Rod, Neil Foster, and David Greenaway. 2006. “Intellectual Property Rights and Economic Growth.” Review of Development Economics 10(4): 700-719. References | 321
Farrell, Joseph, John Hayes, Carl Shapiro, and Theresa Sullivan. 2007. “Standard Setting, Patents, and Hold-Up.” Antitrust Law Journal 74, no. 3: 603-670. Federal Trade Commission v. Actavis, Inc. et al. 570 U.S. __ (2013). FTC (Federal Trade Commission). 2010. “Pay-for-delay: How drug company pay-offs cost consumers billions: An FTC staff study.”. Fernald, John. 2012. “Productivity and potential output before, during, and after the Great Recession.” Working Paper 2012-18. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. Feyrer, James. 2007. “Demographics and Productivity.” The Review of Economics and Statistics 89, 100-109. _____. 2011. “The U.S. Productivity Slowdown, the Baby Boom, and Management Quality.” Journal of Population Economics 24, 267-284. Fields, Gary. 2001. “Distribution and Development, A New Look at the Developing World.” Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 70: 238-243. Foellmi, R. and Zweimuller, J. 2006. “Income Distribution and Demand- Induced Innovations.” Review of Economic Studies 73(4): 941-960. Freeman, Richard B., and Lawrence F. Katz, eds. 1995. Differences and Changes in Wage Structures. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Furman, Jason. 2013. “Remarks at AEI’s Center on Internet, Communications and Technology Policy.” Washington, D.C., September 17. Galor, Oded. 2011.“Inequality, Human Capital Formation and the Process of Development,” Working Paper 17058. Cambrige: MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. Galor, Oded and Omer Moav. 2000. “Ability-Biased Technological Transition, Wage Inequality, and Economic Growth,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115, 469-497. _____. 2004. “From Physical to Human Capital Accumulation: Inequality and the Process of Development.” Review of Economic Studies, 71, 1001-1026. Galor, Oded and Daniel Tsiddon. 1997. “The Distribution of Human Capital, Technological Progress, and Economic Growth.” Journal of Economic Growth, 2, 93-124 322 | References
Page 1 and 2:
ECONOMIC REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT To
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C O N T E N T S ECONOMIC REPORT OF
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economic report of the president To
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year-old. In the meantime, I’m go
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the annual report of the council of
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C O N T E N T S CHAPTER 1. PROMOTIN
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APPENDIX 1: COMPONENTS OF THE RECOV
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THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION’S RECORD
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2.15. Housing Starts, 1960-2013....
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3.1. Forecasted and Actual Real GDP
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C H A P T E R 1 PROMOTING OPPORTUNI
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Opportunity, Growth, and Security i
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crisis—continue to rebound and co
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Figure 1-4 Real GDP Per Working-Age
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Figure 1-6 Change in Poverty Rate F
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Figure 1-7 Domestic Crude Oil Produ
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Figure 1-8 Growth in Real Per Capit
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Figure 1-9 Unemployment Rate by Dur
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e needed to make up for a decades-l
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Annual percent change 2.50 15-year
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Figure 1-14 Share of National Incom
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Along with steps that create jobs,
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corner, with purchases increasing d
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the four quarters of 2013, or enoug
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Percent of GDP 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2 -
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Percent 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 Figure 2-3
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In the euro area, the unemployment
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Figure 2-6 Cumulative Flows into Mu
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Figure 2-7 Household Deleveraging,
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Box 2-1: The 2013 Comprehensive Rev
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Percent 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 Figure 2
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Figure 2-11 State and Local Pension
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Percent of GDP 2 1 0 Figure 2-14 Cu
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Box 2-2. Administration Trade Polic
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Upon completion, the TPP and T-TIP
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percent of households report that i
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Figure 2-18 Petroleum Net Imports,
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Figure 2-21 U.S. Per Capita Consump
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Percent 11 Figure 2-22 Unemployment
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Figure 2-25 Predicted vs. Actual Ma
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Box 2-4: Unemployment Duration and
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The Long-Term Outlook The 11-Year F
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Growth in GDP over the Long Term As
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Box 2-5: Immigration Reform and Pot
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Even with this growth, however, the
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families. The other half was for in
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ecause of rapidly declining stock a
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Obama Administration and the 111th
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Figure 3-1 Recovery Act Programs by
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other cases, new measures expanded
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Figure 3-2 Recovery Act and Subsequ
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Box 3-1: Other Administration Polic
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challenges, and how economists have
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Table 3-5 Estimated Output Multipli
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Figure 3-7 Quarterly Effect of the
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Table 3-6 Estimates of the Effects
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International Comparison The 2008 c
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Box 3-2: The U.S. Recovery in Compa
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Table 3-7 Tax Relief and Income Sup
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traditionally been jointly financed
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downturn in the economy. Even thoug
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Figure 3-11 Recovery Act Cumulative
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The Recovery Act also invested in r
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helped individuals who chose to ret
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the period, even though total power
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average—then the resulting increa
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Alternative Minimum Tax relief, bus
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Through the end of a Individual Tax
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y Poterba (1994), states and locali
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Table 3-11 Fiscal Support for the E
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spells. Because the resulting unemp
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literature uses two different appro
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Table 3-12 Summary of Cross-Section
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the CMS projections show real per-c
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will accrue to workers as higher wa
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Box 4-1: Two Measures of Growth in
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Figure 4-1 Growth in Real Per Capit
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in particular may not exactly track
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find that even those seniors who di
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the slowdown in real (that is, infl
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health care costs for an individual
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estimate for the ACA found that its
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Figure 4-4 Medicare 30-Day, All-Con
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agreements among the providers them
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payment for physician services, the
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Box 4-3: The Cost Slowdown and ACA
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2010a; 2011; 2012c; 2013a; 2014), w
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Figure 4-6 Recent CBO Projections o
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Conclusion The evidence is clear th
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facilitated this private-sector tec
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esulting gap between the actual gro
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Table 5-1 Sources of Productivity I
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Table 5-2 Nonfarm Private Business
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of the productivity improvement res
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Figure 5-3 Growth in Productivity a
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improving and college completion ra
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Box 5-2: Does Inequality Affect Pro
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Percent 3.5 Figure 5-5 Composition
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• Just two of the largest U.S. te
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Box 5-3: Just-in-Time Manufacturing
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Figure 5-7 Exclusive and Shared All
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Box 5-4: Spectrum Investment Polici
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To stimulate investment in more adv
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Because current uses of technology
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Box 5-5: Electronic Health Records
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about the array of services and sup
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and, in such cases, provides partie
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Box 5-6: The Leahy-Smith America In
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Box 5-7: Pay-For-Delay Settlements
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C H A P T E R 6 THE WAR ON POVERTY
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Measuring Poverty: Who is Poor in A
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thresholds ever since. These dollar
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of necessary items, including food,
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Table 6-1 Poverty Rates by Selected
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Box 6-3: Women and Poverty While wo
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However, this reflects smaller decl
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Percent 25 Figure 6-1 Trends in the
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Box 6-4: Social Programs Serve All
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of low- and middle-income workers a
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particularly valuable since they es
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Figure 6-4 Official vs Anchored Sup
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deep market poverty driven by the b
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work: in 2010, for example, unemplo
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out of poverty through job training
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e noted that researchers have found
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2012). Among the children of low-ea
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Education appears to be one of the
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Friedman, and Rockoff (2011) find t
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including an additional $25 a week
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Figure 6-11 Recovery Act and Subseq
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Empowering Every Child with a Quali
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modernize America’s high schools
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low-income Americans and their chil
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C H A P T E R 7 EVALUATION AS A TOO
Page 276 and 277: program evaluation efforts. For exa
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Page 282 and 283: Box 7-2: Using Behavioral Economics
Page 284 and 285: Box 7-3: “Rapid Cycle” Evaluati
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Page 288 and 289: performance data, fewer than half o
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Page 294 and 295: example, included a nondiscretionar
Page 296 and 297: Other benefits of considering evalu
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Page 304 and 305: REFERENCES Chapter 1 Almunia, Migue
Page 306 and 307: ____. 2014. “Press Release: Janua
Page 308 and 309: and the TPP at the Peterson Institu
Page 310 and 311: Increase Employment Evidence from t
Page 312 and 313: ___. 2010b. “The Economic Impact
Page 314 and 315: ___. 2012. World Economic Outlook A
Page 316 and 317: Polak Annual Research Conference. W
Page 318 and 319: Baicker, Katherine and Amitabh Chan
Page 320 and 321: Daly, Mary, Bart Hobijn, and Brian
Page 322 and 323: Nominal Wages,” International Jou
Page 324 and 325: Learning: A Meta-Analysis and Revie
Page 328 and 329: GAO (Government Accountability Offi
Page 330 and 331: Jorgenson, Dale. 2001. “Informati
Page 332 and 333: Integration in Economic Development
Page 334 and 335: _____. 2007. “Improving the Safet
Page 336 and 337: Dahl, Gordon B. and Lance Lochner.
Page 338 and 339: Heckman, James J. and Dimitriy V. M
Page 340 and 341: Ludwig, Jens and Douglas Miller. 20
Page 342 and 343: Sharkey, Patrick. 2009. “Neighbor
Page 344 and 345: _____. 2013. “Practical Evaluatio
Page 346 and 347: www.nij.gov/topics/corrections/comm
Page 348: Stock, James H., and Mark Watson. 2
Page 352 and 353: letter of transmittal Council of Ec
Page 354: Council Members and Their Dates of
Page 357 and 358: The Members of the Council Betsey S
Page 359 and 360: Act has had on reducing health care
Page 361 and 362: Statistical Office The Statistical
Page 364: A P P E N D I X B STATISTICAL TABLE
Page 367 and 368: INTEREST RATES, MONEY STOCK, AND GO
Page 369 and 370: 2013-to-2014 TABLE NUMBER MATCH 201
Page 371 and 372: Year or quarter Table B-1. Percent
Page 373 and 374: Table B-2. Gross domestic product,
Page 375 and 376: Table B-3. Quantity and price index
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Table B-5. Real exports and imports
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Year Total 2 Table B-7. Real farm i
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Table B-9. Median money income (in
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Year or month Civilian noninstituti
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Year or month All civilian workers
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Table B-14. Employees on nonagricul
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Table B-15. Hours and earnings in p
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Year and month Interest Rates, Mone
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Year and month Table B-18. Money st
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Table B-20. Federal receipts, outla
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Table B-22. Federal receipts, outla
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Table B-24. State and local governm
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End of month Table B-26. Estimated
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B-7. Chain-type price indexes for g
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B-28. National income by type of in
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B-48. Employment cost index, privat
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B-65. Producer price indexes by sta
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B-81. Federal receipts, outlays, su
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B-99. Farm output and productivity
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B-111. International reserves Inter
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