Table B–14. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by major industry, 1970–2014—Continued [Thousands of jobs; monthly data seasonally adjusted] Private industries—Continued Government Year or month Information Private service-providing industries—Continued Financial activities Professional and business services Education and health services Leisure and hospitality Other services Total Federal State Local 1970 2,041 3,532 5,267 4,577 4,789 1,789 12,687 2,865 2,664 7,158 1971 2,009 3,651 5,328 4,675 4,914 1,827 13,012 2,828 2,747 7,437 1972 2,056 3,784 5,523 4,863 5,121 1,900 13,465 2,815 2,859 7,790 1973 2,135 3,920 5,774 5,092 5,341 1,990 13,862 2,794 2,923 8,146 1974 2,160 4,023 5,974 5,322 5,471 2,078 14,303 2,858 3,039 8,407 1975 2,061 4,047 6,034 5,497 5,544 2,144 14,820 2,882 3,179 8,758 1976 2,111 4,155 6,287 5,756 5,794 2,244 15,001 2,863 3,273 8,865 1977 2,185 4,348 6,587 6,052 6,065 2,359 15,258 2,859 3,377 9,023 1978 2,287 4,599 6,972 6,427 6,411 2,505 15,812 2,893 3,474 9,446 1979 2,375 4,843 7,312 6,768 6,631 2,637 16,068 2,894 3,541 9,633 1980 2,361 5,025 7,544 7,077 6,721 2,755 16,375 3,000 3,610 9,765 1981 2,382 5,163 7,782 7,364 6,840 2,865 16,180 2,922 3,640 9,619 1982 2,317 5,209 7,848 7,526 6,874 2,924 15,982 2,884 3,640 9,458 1983 2,253 5,334 8,039 7,781 7,078 3,021 16,011 2,915 3,662 9,434 1984 2,398 5,553 8,464 8,211 7,489 3,186 16,159 2,943 3,734 9,482 1985 2,437 5,815 8,871 8,679 7,869 3,366 16,533 3,014 3,832 9,687 1986 2,445 6,128 9,211 9,086 8,156 3,523 16,838 3,044 3,893 9,901 1987 2,507 6,385 9,608 9,543 8,446 3,699 17,156 3,089 3,967 10,100 1988 2,585 6,500 10,090 10,096 8,778 3,907 17,540 3,124 4,076 10,339 1989 2,622 6,562 10,555 10,652 9,062 4,116 17,927 3,136 4,182 10,609 1990 2,688 6,614 10,848 11,024 9,288 4,261 18,415 3,196 4,305 10,914 1991 2,677 6,561 10,714 11,556 9,256 4,249 18,545 3,110 4,355 11,081 1992 2,641 6,559 10,970 11,948 9,437 4,240 18,787 3,111 4,408 11,267 1993 2,668 6,742 11,495 12,362 9,732 4,350 18,989 3,063 4,488 11,438 1994 2,738 6,910 12,174 12,872 10,100 4,428 19,275 3,018 4,576 11,682 1995 2,843 6,866 12,844 13,360 10,501 4,572 19,432 2,949 4,635 11,849 1996 2,940 7,018 13,462 13,761 10,777 4,690 19,539 2,877 4,606 12,056 1997 3,084 7,255 14,335 14,185 11,018 4,825 19,664 2,806 4,582 12,276 1998 3,218 7,565 15,147 14,570 11,232 4,976 19,909 2,772 4,612 12,525 1999 3,419 7,753 15,957 14,939 11,543 5,087 20,307 2,769 4,709 12,829 2000 3,630 7,783 16,666 15,247 11,862 5,168 20,790 2,865 4,786 13,139 2001 3,629 7,900 16,476 15,801 12,036 5,258 21,118 2,764 4,905 13,449 2002 3,395 7,956 15,976 16,377 11,986 5,372 21,513 2,766 5,029 13,718 2003 3,188 8,078 15,987 16,805 12,173 5,401 21,583 2,761 5,002 13,820 2004 3,118 8,105 16,394 17,192 12,493 5,409 21,621 2,730 4,982 13,909 2005 3,061 8,197 16,954 17,630 12,816 5,395 21,804 2,732 5,032 14,041 2006 3,038 8,367 17,566 18,099 13,110 5,438 21,974 2,732 5,075 14,167 2007 3,032 8,348 17,942 18,613 13,427 5,494 22,218 2,734 5,122 14,362 2008 2,984 8,206 17,735 19,156 13,436 5,515 22,509 2,762 5,177 14,571 2009 2,804 7,838 16,579 19,550 13,077 5,367 22,555 2,832 5,169 14,554 2010 2,707 7,695 16,728 19,889 13,049 5,331 22,490 2,977 5,137 14,376 2011 2,674 7,697 17,332 20,228 13,353 5,360 22,086 2,859 5,078 14,150 2012 2,676 7,784 17,932 20,698 13,768 5,430 21,920 2,820 5,055 14,045 2013 p 2,685 7,880 18,560 21,102 14,242 5,464 21,864 2,766 5,048 14,050 2012: Jan 2,673 7,733 17,694 20,479 13,594 5,414 21,942 2,833 5,048 14,061 Feb 2,673 7,741 17,752 20,563 13,638 5,412 21,940 2,827 5,049 14,064 Mar 2,675 7,765 17,790 20,593 13,703 5,421 21,937 2,826 5,053 14,058 Apr 2,677 7,766 17,835 20,613 13,700 5,418 21,931 2,826 5,058 14,047 May 2,680 7,778 17,864 20,656 13,705 5,419 21,910 2,825 5,049 14,036 June 2,675 7,781 17,912 20,666 13,711 5,425 21,923 2,824 5,056 14,043 July 2,679 7,781 17,964 20,689 13,739 5,432 21,911 2,814 5,053 14,044 Aug 2,680 7,789 17,998 20,706 13,810 5,431 21,925 2,819 5,058 14,048 Sept 2,673 7,803 18,014 20,765 13,868 5,441 21,927 2,819 5,074 14,034 Oct 2,672 7,812 18,078 20,858 13,889 5,444 21,897 2,821 5,052 14,024 Nov 2,681 7,816 18,132 20,862 13,921 5,447 21,889 2,816 5,052 14,021 Dec 2,674 7,827 18,165 20,904 13,981 5,451 21,888 2,814 5,050 14,024 2013: Jan 2,673 7,835 18,210 20,921 14,028 5,458 21,866 2,809 5,034 14,023 Feb 2,692 7,847 18,295 20,948 14,078 5,456 21,883 2,810 5,049 14,024 Mar 2,694 7,853 18,362 20,989 14,112 5,449 21,860 2,789 5,056 14,015 Apr 2,688 7,863 18,434 21,040 14,145 5,453 21,875 2,791 5,053 14,031 May 2,686 7,872 18,511 21,069 14,198 5,465 21,852 2,768 5,047 14,037 June 2,685 7,885 18,570 21,084 14,249 5,465 21,852 2,767 5,034 14,051 July 2,697 7,901 18,621 21,108 14,272 5,463 21,831 2,756 5,025 14,050 Aug 2,669 7,897 18,663 21,172 14,306 5,469 21,853 2,749 5,039 14,065 Sept 2,682 7,896 18,700 21,181 14,315 5,471 21,864 2,744 5,051 14,069 Oct 2,688 7,903 18,753 21,212 14,380 5,474 21,854 2,732 5,057 14,065 Nov 2,689 7,899 18,826 21,237 14,417 5,473 21,856 2,739 5,060 14,057 Dec p 2,679 7,902 18,830 21,233 14,437 5,480 21,842 2,736 5,059 14,047 2014: Jan p 2,679 7,900 18,866 21,227 14,461 5,484 21,813 2,724 5,053 14,036 Note (cont’d): employed when they are not at work because of industrial disputes, bad weather, etc., even if they are not paid for the time off; which are based on a sample of the working-age population; and which count persons only once—as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. In the data shown here, persons who work at more than one job are counted each time they appear on a payroll. Establishment data for employment, hours, and earnings are classified based on the 2012 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). For further description and details see Employment and Earnings. Source: Department of Labor (Bureau of Labor Statistics). Labor Market Indicators | 383
Table B–15. Hours and earnings in private nonagricultural industries, 1970–2014 1 Year or month Total private [Monthly data seasonally adjusted] Average weekly hours Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings, total private Manufacturing Total private Manufacturing Total Overtime Current dollars 1982–84 dollars 2 (current dollars) Current dollars Level 1982–84 dollars 2 Percent change from year earlier Current dollars 1982–84 dollars 2 1970 37.0 39.8 2.9 $3.40 $8.72 $3.24 $125.79 $322.54 4.2 –1.4 1971 36.7 39.9 2.9 3.63 8.92 3.45 133.22 327.32 5.9 1.5 1972 36.9 40.6 3.4 3.90 9.26 3.70 143.87 341.73 8.0 4.4 1973 36.9 40.7 3.8 4.14 9.26 3.97 152.59 341.36 6.1 –.1 1974 36.4 40.0 3.2 4.43 8.93 4.31 161.61 325.83 5.9 –4.5 1975 36.0 39.5 2.6 4.73 8.74 4.71 170.29 314.77 5.4 –3.4 1976 36.1 40.1 3.1 5.06 8.85 5.10 182.65 319.32 7.3 1.4 1977 35.9 40.3 3.4 5.44 8.93 5.55 195.58 321.15 7.1 .6 1978 35.8 40.4 3.6 5.88 8.96 6.05 210.29 320.56 7.5 –.2 1979 35.6 40.2 3.3 6.34 8.67 6.57 225.69 308.74 7.3 –3.7 1980 35.2 39.6 2.8 6.85 8.26 7.15 241.07 290.80 6.8 –5.8 1981 35.2 39.8 2.8 7.44 8.14 7.87 261.53 286.14 8.5 –1.6 1982 34.7 38.9 2.3 7.87 8.12 8.36 273.10 281.84 4.4 –1.5 1983 34.9 40.1 2.9 8.20 8.22 8.70 286.43 287.00 4.9 1.8 1984 35.1 40.6 3.4 8.49 8.22 9.05 298.26 288.73 4.1 .6 1985 34.9 40.5 3.3 8.74 8.18 9.40 304.62 284.96 2.1 –1.3 1986 34.7 40.7 3.4 8.93 8.22 9.60 309.78 285.25 1.7 .1 1987 34.7 40.9 3.7 9.14 8.12 9.77 317.39 282.12 2.5 –1.1 1988 34.6 41.0 3.8 9.44 8.07 10.05 326.48 279.04 2.9 –1.1 1989 34.5 40.9 3.8 9.80 7.99 10.35 338.34 275.97 3.6 –1.1 1990 34.3 40.5 3.9 10.20 7.91 10.78 349.63 271.03 3.3 –1.8 1991 34.1 40.4 3.8 10.51 7.83 11.13 358.46 266.91 2.5 –1.5 1992 34.2 40.7 4.0 10.77 7.79 11.40 368.20 266.43 2.7 –.2 1993 34.3 41.1 4.4 11.05 7.78 11.70 378.89 266.64 2.9 .1 1994 34.5 41.7 5.0 11.34 7.79 12.04 391.17 268.66 3.2 .8 1995 34.3 41.3 4.7 11.65 7.78 12.34 400.04 267.05 2.3 –.6 1996 34.3 41.3 4.8 12.04 7.81 12.75 413.25 268.17 3.3 .4 1997 34.5 41.7 5.1 12.51 7.94 13.14 431.86 274.02 4.5 2.2 1998 34.5 41.4 4.9 13.01 8.15 13.45 448.59 280.90 3.9 2.5 1999 34.3 41.4 4.9 13.49 8.27 13.85 463.15 283.79 3.2 1.0 2000 34.3 41.3 4.7 14.02 8.30 14.32 480.99 284.78 3.9 .3 2001 34.0 40.3 4.0 14.54 8.38 14.76 493.74 284.58 2.7 –.1 2002 33.9 40.5 4.2 14.97 8.51 15.29 506.60 288.00 2.6 1.2 2003 33.7 40.4 4.2 15.37 8.55 15.74 517.82 288.00 2.2 .0 2004 33.7 40.8 4.6 15.69 8.50 16.14 528.89 286.66 2.1 –.5 2005 33.8 40.7 4.6 16.12 8.44 16.56 544.05 284.84 2.9 –.6 2006 33.9 41.1 4.4 16.75 8.50 16.81 567.39 287.87 4.3 1.1 2007 33.8 41.2 4.2 17.42 8.59 17.26 589.27 290.61 3.9 1.0 2008 33.6 40.8 3.7 18.07 8.56 17.75 607.53 287.86 3.1 –.9 2009 33.1 39.8 2.9 18.61 8.88 18.24 616.01 293.86 1.4 2.1 2010 33.4 41.1 3.8 19.05 8.90 18.61 636.25 297.36 3.3 1.2 2011 33.6 41.4 4.1 19.44 8.77 18.93 653.19 294.79 2.7 –.9 2012 33.7 41.7 4.2 19.74 8.73 19.08 665.82 294.31 1.9 –.2 2013 p 33.7 41.9 4.3 20.13 8.78 19.30 677.67 295.51 1.8 .4 2012: Jan 33.8 41.8 4.2 19.58 8.73 19.02 661.80 295.00 2.6 –.6 Feb 33.7 41.8 4.1 19.60 8.72 19.01 660.52 293.73 2.1 –1.0 Mar 33.7 41.6 4.2 19.65 8.71 19.02 662.21 293.64 2.0 –.7 Apr 33.7 41.6 4.2 19.70 8.72 19.09 663.89 293.85 2.1 –.3 May 33.6 41.5 4.1 19.69 8.73 19.02 661.58 293.40 1.4 –.3 June 33.7 41.6 4.2 19.72 8.75 19.08 664.56 294.99 1.8 .2 July 33.7 41.7 4.2 19.76 8.77 19.11 665.91 295.71 1.4 .1 Aug 33.6 41.5 4.1 19.75 8.72 19.06 663.60 292.90 1.3 –.3 Sept 33.6 41.5 4.2 19.78 8.68 19.07 664.61 291.66 1.4 –.6 Oct 33.6 41.5 4.2 19.80 8.67 19.10 665.28 291.21 1.0 –1.2 Nov 33.7 41.6 4.1 19.85 8.72 19.15 668.95 293.73 1.4 –.3 Dec 33.7 41.7 4.3 19.89 8.74 19.14 670.29 294.53 1.6 –.1 2013: Jan 33.6 41.6 4.3 19.95 8.76 19.15 670.32 294.38 1.3 –.2 Feb 33.8 41.9 4.3 20.00 8.73 19.22 676.00 294.96 2.3 .4 Mar 33.8 41.9 4.4 20.02 8.76 19.22 676.68 296.16 2.2 .9 Apr 33.7 41.8 4.3 20.04 8.79 19.21 675.35 296.26 1.7 .8 May 33.7 41.8 4.3 20.06 8.78 19.25 676.02 295.94 2.2 .9 June 33.7 41.9 4.3 20.12 8.78 19.28 678.04 295.75 2.0 .3 July 33.5 41.7 4.3 20.15 8.77 19.27 675.03 293.89 1.4 –.6 Aug 33.7 41.9 4.3 20.17 8.78 19.33 679.73 295.74 2.4 1.0 Sept 33.6 41.9 4.3 20.21 8.78 19.35 679.06 295.10 2.2 1.2 Oct 33.6 41.9 4.4 20.25 8.80 19.37 680.40 295.71 2.3 1.5 Nov 33.7 42.0 4.5 20.30 8.82 19.42 684.11 297.09 2.3 1.1 Dec p 33.5 41.9 4.5 20.33 8.80 19.46 681.06 294.93 1.6 .1 2014: Jan p 33.5 41.7 4.3 20.39 8.82 19.47 683.07 295.40 1.9 .3 1 For production employees in goods-producing industries and for nonsupervisory employees in private, service-providing industries; total includes private industry groups shown in Table B–14. 2 Current dollars divided by the consumer price index for urban wage earners and clerical workers on a 1982–84=100 base. Note: See Note, Table B–14. Source: Department of Labor (Bureau of Labor Statistics). 384 | Appendix B
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ECONOMIC REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT To
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C O N T E N T S ECONOMIC REPORT OF
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economic report of the president To
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year-old. In the meantime, I’m go
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the annual report of the council of
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C O N T E N T S CHAPTER 1. PROMOTIN
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APPENDIX 1: COMPONENTS OF THE RECOV
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THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION’S RECORD
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2.15. Housing Starts, 1960-2013....
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3.1. Forecasted and Actual Real GDP
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C H A P T E R 1 PROMOTING OPPORTUNI
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Opportunity, Growth, and Security i
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crisis—continue to rebound and co
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Figure 1-4 Real GDP Per Working-Age
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Figure 1-6 Change in Poverty Rate F
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Figure 1-7 Domestic Crude Oil Produ
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Figure 1-8 Growth in Real Per Capit
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Figure 1-9 Unemployment Rate by Dur
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e needed to make up for a decades-l
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Annual percent change 2.50 15-year
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Figure 1-14 Share of National Incom
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Along with steps that create jobs,
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corner, with purchases increasing d
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the four quarters of 2013, or enoug
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Percent of GDP 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2 -
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Percent 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 Figure 2-3
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In the euro area, the unemployment
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Figure 2-6 Cumulative Flows into Mu
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Figure 2-7 Household Deleveraging,
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Box 2-1: The 2013 Comprehensive Rev
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Percent 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 Figure 2
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Figure 2-11 State and Local Pension
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Percent of GDP 2 1 0 Figure 2-14 Cu
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Box 2-2. Administration Trade Polic
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Upon completion, the TPP and T-TIP
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percent of households report that i
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Figure 2-18 Petroleum Net Imports,
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Figure 2-21 U.S. Per Capita Consump
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Percent 11 Figure 2-22 Unemployment
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Figure 2-25 Predicted vs. Actual Ma
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Box 2-4: Unemployment Duration and
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The Long-Term Outlook The 11-Year F
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Growth in GDP over the Long Term As
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Box 2-5: Immigration Reform and Pot
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Even with this growth, however, the
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families. The other half was for in
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ecause of rapidly declining stock a
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Obama Administration and the 111th
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Figure 3-1 Recovery Act Programs by
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other cases, new measures expanded
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Figure 3-2 Recovery Act and Subsequ
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Box 3-1: Other Administration Polic
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challenges, and how economists have
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Table 3-5 Estimated Output Multipli
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Figure 3-7 Quarterly Effect of the
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Table 3-6 Estimates of the Effects
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International Comparison The 2008 c
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Box 3-2: The U.S. Recovery in Compa
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Table 3-7 Tax Relief and Income Sup
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traditionally been jointly financed
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downturn in the economy. Even thoug
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Figure 3-11 Recovery Act Cumulative
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The Recovery Act also invested in r
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helped individuals who chose to ret
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the period, even though total power
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average—then the resulting increa
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Alternative Minimum Tax relief, bus
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Through the end of a Individual Tax
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y Poterba (1994), states and locali
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Table 3-11 Fiscal Support for the E
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spells. Because the resulting unemp
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literature uses two different appro
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Table 3-12 Summary of Cross-Section
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the CMS projections show real per-c
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will accrue to workers as higher wa
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Box 4-1: Two Measures of Growth in
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Figure 4-1 Growth in Real Per Capit
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in particular may not exactly track
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find that even those seniors who di
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the slowdown in real (that is, infl
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health care costs for an individual
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estimate for the ACA found that its
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Figure 4-4 Medicare 30-Day, All-Con
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agreements among the providers them
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payment for physician services, the
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Box 4-3: The Cost Slowdown and ACA
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2010a; 2011; 2012c; 2013a; 2014), w
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Figure 4-6 Recent CBO Projections o
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Conclusion The evidence is clear th
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facilitated this private-sector tec
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esulting gap between the actual gro
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Table 5-1 Sources of Productivity I
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Table 5-2 Nonfarm Private Business
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of the productivity improvement res
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Figure 5-3 Growth in Productivity a
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improving and college completion ra
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Box 5-2: Does Inequality Affect Pro
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Percent 3.5 Figure 5-5 Composition
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• Just two of the largest U.S. te
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Box 5-3: Just-in-Time Manufacturing
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Figure 5-7 Exclusive and Shared All
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Box 5-4: Spectrum Investment Polici
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To stimulate investment in more adv
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Because current uses of technology
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Box 5-5: Electronic Health Records
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about the array of services and sup
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and, in such cases, provides partie
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Box 5-6: The Leahy-Smith America In
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Box 5-7: Pay-For-Delay Settlements
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C H A P T E R 6 THE WAR ON POVERTY
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Measuring Poverty: Who is Poor in A
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thresholds ever since. These dollar
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of necessary items, including food,
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Table 6-1 Poverty Rates by Selected
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Box 6-3: Women and Poverty While wo
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However, this reflects smaller decl
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Percent 25 Figure 6-1 Trends in the
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Box 6-4: Social Programs Serve All
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of low- and middle-income workers a
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particularly valuable since they es
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Figure 6-4 Official vs Anchored Sup
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deep market poverty driven by the b
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work: in 2010, for example, unemplo
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out of poverty through job training
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e noted that researchers have found
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2012). Among the children of low-ea
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Education appears to be one of the
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Friedman, and Rockoff (2011) find t
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including an additional $25 a week
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Figure 6-11 Recovery Act and Subseq
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Empowering Every Child with a Quali
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modernize America’s high schools
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low-income Americans and their chil
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C H A P T E R 7 EVALUATION AS A TOO
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program evaluation efforts. For exa
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went to preschool would have had if
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y adopting successful interventions
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Box 7-2: Using Behavioral Economics
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Box 7-3: “Rapid Cycle” Evaluati
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Figure 7-1 Outlays for Grants to St
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performance data, fewer than half o
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Investment Act programs. The PROMIS
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Figure 7-2 Inventory of Beds for Ho
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example, included a nondiscretionar
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Other benefits of considering evalu
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with the treatment effect and thus
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unemployment insurance wage and ben
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hard for researchers to access for
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REFERENCES Chapter 1 Almunia, Migue
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____. 2014. “Press Release: Janua
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and the TPP at the Peterson Institu
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Increase Employment Evidence from t
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___. 2010b. “The Economic Impact
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___. 2012. World Economic Outlook A
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Polak Annual Research Conference. W
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Baicker, Katherine and Amitabh Chan
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Daly, Mary, Bart Hobijn, and Brian
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Nominal Wages,” International Jou
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Learning: A Meta-Analysis and Revie
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Chien, Colleen V. 2012. “Reformin
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GAO (Government Accountability Offi
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Jorgenson, Dale. 2001. “Informati
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Integration in Economic Development
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_____. 2007. “Improving the Safet
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Dahl, Gordon B. and Lance Lochner.
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- Page 340 and 341: Ludwig, Jens and Douglas Miller. 20
- Page 342 and 343: Sharkey, Patrick. 2009. “Neighbor
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- Page 346 and 347: www.nij.gov/topics/corrections/comm
- Page 348: Stock, James H., and Mark Watson. 2
- Page 352 and 353: letter of transmittal Council of Ec
- Page 354: Council Members and Their Dates of
- Page 357 and 358: The Members of the Council Betsey S
- Page 359 and 360: Act has had on reducing health care
- Page 361 and 362: Statistical Office The Statistical
- Page 364: A P P E N D I X B STATISTICAL TABLE
- Page 367 and 368: INTEREST RATES, MONEY STOCK, AND GO
- Page 369 and 370: 2013-to-2014 TABLE NUMBER MATCH 201
- Page 371 and 372: Year or quarter Table B-1. Percent
- Page 373 and 374: Table B-2. Gross domestic product,
- Page 375 and 376: Table B-3. Quantity and price index
- Page 377 and 378: Table B-5. Real exports and imports
- Page 379 and 380: Year Total 2 Table B-7. Real farm i
- Page 381 and 382: Table B-9. Median money income (in
- Page 383 and 384: Year or month Civilian noninstituti
- Page 385 and 386: Year or month All civilian workers
- Page 387: Table B-14. Employees on nonagricul
- Page 391 and 392: Year and month Interest Rates, Mone
- Page 393 and 394: Year and month Table B-18. Money st
- Page 395 and 396: Table B-20. Federal receipts, outla
- Page 397 and 398: Table B-22. Federal receipts, outla
- Page 399 and 400: Table B-24. State and local governm
- Page 401 and 402: End of month Table B-26. Estimated
- Page 403 and 404: B-7. Chain-type price indexes for g
- Page 405 and 406: B-28. National income by type of in
- Page 407 and 408: B-48. Employment cost index, privat
- Page 409 and 410: B-65. Producer price indexes by sta
- Page 411 and 412: B-81. Federal receipts, outlays, su
- Page 413 and 414: B-99. Farm output and productivity
- Page 415: B-111. International reserves Inter