MRCSP Phase I Geologic Characterization Report - Midwest ...

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102 CHARACTERIZATION OF GEOLOGIC SEQUESTRATION OPPORTUNITIES IN THE MRCSP REGION Table A9-1.—Summary of data for Niagaran gas storage fi elds in the Michigan basin. Modifi ed from American Gas Association (2001) Storage Field/ Max. Reservoir Name County Depth Min. Total Gas Maximum Avgerage Year Year Depth # Wells (Base + Working) Pressure State/Province Thickness Discovered Activated (ft) (MMcf) (psi) Central Charlton Otsego, Montmorency 5995 5472 282 9 19000 3445 1975 1982 Michigan Columbus St. Clair 3105 2669 190 17 19600 1737 1964 1972 Michigan Cortright Calhoun 3300 3160 140 2 985 1350 1972 1976 Michigan Eaton Rapids 36 Ingham, Eaton 3815 3659 125 14 16234 1928 1972 1990 Michigan Four Corners St. Clair 2421 2157 200 3 3780 1080 1966 1972 Michigan Hessen St. Clair 2757 2475 200 14 16977 1405 1965 1976 Michigan Ira St. Clair 2416 2120 220 11 6750 1220 1953 1961 Michigan Lee 11 Field Calhoun 3266 3123 143 1 780 1250 1976 1988 Michigan Lee 3 Calhoun 3380 3220 75 5 2464 1440 1972 1992 Michigan Lee 8 Calhoun 3400 3280 120 4 2200 1350 nr 1995 Michigan Lenox Macomb 2747 2556 200 6 3500 1263 1960 1965 Michigan Lyon 34 Oakland 3430 3232 200 4 1358 1635 1987 1992 Michigan Muttonville Macomb 2865 2562 194 17 13414 1575 1966 1975 Michigan Northville Reef Washtenaw 3158 2922 200 3 1420 1735 1965 1968 Michigan Partello/ Anderson Calhoun 3250 3140 75 7 4760 800 1959 1971 Michigan Puttygut St. Clair 2715 2377 200 22 14600 1140 1960 1971 Michigan Ray Macomb 3219 2905 250 44 64500 1735 1961 1966 Michigan South Chester 15 Otsego 6579 5914 287 7 19455 3675 1970 1980 Michigan Swan Creek St. Clair 2442 2241 200 1 650 1067 1967 1972 Michigan W. Columbus St. Clair 3234 2872 206 18 25900 1784 1967 1973 Michigan Washington 28 Macomb 3502 3138 198 7 11632 1419 1974 1990 Michigan Lee 2 Field Calhoun 3374 3374 200 1 806 1440 1974 1981 Michigan Collins Field St. Clair 2340 2090 107 2 2263 1100 1968 1981 Michigan Capac St. Clair, Lapeer 4821 4297 10 93 38192 2480 1961 1978 Michigan Belle River Mills St. Clair 2511 2162 205 24 76120 1475 1961 1965 Michigan Washington 10 Macomb 3460 3319 305 14 51100 1448 1969 1999 Michigan Blue Lake 18A Kalkaska 6930 6600 330 14 54119 3994 1977 1993 Michigan Coldsprings 12 Kalkaska 6790 6584 172 11 28884 3990 1973 1980 Michigan Coldsprings 31 Kalkaska 6930 6648 158 4 5302 3965 1974 1981 Michigan Excelsior 6 Kalkaska 6839 6494 250 8 12310 3956 1973 1981 Michigan Rapid River 35 Kalkaska 6736 6412 233 9 17327 4000 1973 1980 Michigan TOTAL = 536382
APPENDIX A: LOWER DEVONIAN MANDATA SHALE, LOWER DEVONIAN ORISKANY SANDSTONE 103 10. LOWER DEVONIAN MANDATA SHALE The early Devonian Mandata Shale is a thin but extensive black shale interval within the carbonate rocks that are generally termed the Helderberg Group or Old Port Formation in central Pennsylvania, Maryland, and eastern West Virginia (Head, 1974) (Figure 5). In central and south-central Pennsylvania, Maryland and West Virginia, the Mandata Shale overlies the Corriganville Limestone. The Mandata Shale has a conformable contact with the overlying Shriver Chert or Licking Creek Limestone (facies equivalents) in Pennsylvania, Maryland, and West Virginia (Head, 1969, 1974), although Dorobek and Read (1986) suggested that the Mandata is laterally equivalent to the Licking Creek in western Maryland. ORIGIN OF NAMES, TYPE SECTION, SIGNIFICANT EARLIER STUDIES ON THIS INTERVAL Swartz (1939) named the Mandata Shale for exposures 0.25 miles south of Mandata, Perry County, Pennsylvania, on the highway to Berrysburg. NATURE OF LOWER AND UPPER CONTACTS The Mandata Shale has a sharp, conformable contact with the underlying Corriganville Limestone and grades upsection into the overlying cherty shales of the Shriver Chert or the Licking Creek Limestone (Glaser, 2004) (Figure 5). LITHOLOGY The Mandata Shale is a dark gray to black, platy to thin-bed- ded, organic-rich shale. The shale is sparingly fossiliferous and in western Maryland intertongues with the Licking Creek Limestone Member of the Helderberg Group (Glaser, 2004). DISCUSSION OF DEPTH AND THICKNESS RANGES The thickness of the Mandata Shale ranges from 15 to 30 feet based on outcrops and three wells in Maryland (Edwards, 1970; Nutter and others, 1980). DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS/ PALEOGEOGRAPHY/TECTONISM The Mandata Shale represents an early Devonian deepening episode that drowned the Helderberg carbonate ramp. The ramp became sufficiently deep to preclude carbonate deposition. This deepening continued into and during the deposition of the Shriver Chert and did not again shallow until the late Gedinnian Stage with the deposition of the Oriskany Sandstone. SUITABILITY AS A CO 2 INJECTION TARGET OR SEAL UNIT In Maryland, there are limited analytical data to address the Mandata’s suitability as a CO 2 sequestration target. In cooperation with the Pennsylvania and West Virginia Geological Surveys, this issue will be addressed in the Phase II of the MRCSP. 11. LOWER DEVONIAN ORISKANY SANDSTONE The Oriskany Sandstone of drillers’ terminology (Figures 5 and All-1) actually encompasses several discrete formal stratigraphic units in the Appalachian basin (Heyman, 1977; Harper and Patchen, 1996), including: 1) the type Oriskany Sandstone of New York, which also occurs in northwestern Pennsylvania and eastern Ohio; 2) the Ridgeley Sandstone of Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia and West Virginia (where it is called Oriskany), which may or may not be identical to the type Oriskany; 3) the Springvale Sandstone, a basal sandstone member or sandy facies of the Bois Blanc Formation in Ontario, northeastern Ohio, and northwestern Pennsylvania (Oliver, 1967; Heyman, 1977); and 4) the Palmerton Formation, a sandstone in eastern Pennsylvania that is equivalent to a portion of the basal Onondaga Limestone (Sevon, 1968). The Palmerton will not be discussed further herein. ORIGIN OF NAMES, TYPE SECTION, SIGNIFICANT EARLIER STUDIES ON THIS INTERVAL The Oriskany Sandstone was named by Vanuxem (1839) for its type locality in Oriskany Falls, Oneida County, New York. At this location, the Oriskany is a white, fossiliferous quartz arenite (Opritza, 1996; Patchen and Harper, 1996). Most of the studies done on the formation before 1930 were for purposes of clarifying the stratigraphic and paleontological relationships of Lower Devonian and Upper Silurian rocks (for example, see Swartz, 1913). However, since 1930, the Oriskany has become one of the more important formations for gas exploration in the Appalachian basin. As a result, the Oriskany has been the subject of numerous studies related to structure, stratigraphy, petrology, petrophysics, and other topics. The earliest studies were performed by petroleum geologists documenting the significant discoveries in south-central New York and north-central Pennsylvania in the early 1930s and 1940s (for examples, see Fettke, 1931; Torrey, 1931; Newland and Hartnagel, 1932; Bradley and Pepper, 1938; Stow, 1938; Van Petten, 1939). Subsequent studies by Finn (1949), Ebright and Ingham (1951), Young and Harnberger (1955), Wood (1960), Seilacher (1968), Heyman (1969), Patchen (1968), Jacobeen and Kanes (1974a,b), and many others added to the general knowledge of the formation and provided additional data on the various reservoir properties. A resurgence of interest in this prolific reservoir in the late 1970s and the 1980s resulted in what arguably is the most comprehensive report produced to date on the Oriskany, the exhaustive study done by Basan and others (1980). The most recent reports, in the Atlas of Major Appalachian Gas Plays (Roen and Walker, 1996), provide a summary and a single source of information garnered from earlier studies. NATURE OF LOWER AND UPPER CONTACTS The Oriskany Sandstone represents a major change during Early Devonian deposition in the Appalachian basin. The predominant carbonate sedimentation that originated in the late Silurian ceased or slowed, to be replaced temporarily by predominant clastic deposition. The Early Devonian ended with a worldwide regression that resulted in erosion throughout much of North America (the Wallbridge discontinuity of Wheeler, 1963). This discontinuity oc-
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Characterization of Geologic Seques
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ABOUT THE MRCSP The Midwest Regiona
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CONTENTS About the MRCSP ..........
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CONTENTS Figure A14-2.—Structure
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1 CHARACTERIZATION OF GEOLOGIC SEQU
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BACKGROUND INFORMATION 3 (a minimum
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INTRODUCTION TO THE MRCSP REGION’
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GEOLOGIC MAPPING PROCEDURES, DATA S
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OIL, GAS, AND GAS STORAGE FIELDS 27
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CO 2-SEQUESTRATION STORAGE CAPACITY
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CONCLUSIONS AND REGIONAL ASSESSMENT
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REFERENCES CITED 47 National Confer
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49 APPENDIX A Geologic Summaries of
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Page 137 and 138: APPENDIX A: PENNSYLVANIAN COAL BEDS
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