MRCSP Phase I Geologic Characterization Report - Midwest ...

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118 CHARACTERIZATION OF GEOLOGIC SEQUESTRATION OPPORTUNITIES IN THE MRCSP REGION sea level in the southeasternmost tip of Maryland panhandle to -7,500 feet in the central portion of the panhandle (Figure A13-2). The depth varies in a series of deep troughs and shallow highs in northeast-southwest trending bands following the folding of the Appalachian mountains. DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS/ PALEOGEOGRAPHY/TECTONISM The Needmore Shale is a marine foreland basin shale formed at a near-equatorial latitude in the center of the Appalachian basin during the downwarping associated with the first tectonophase of the Acadian orogenic episode (VanTyne, 1996). SUITABILITY AS A CO 2 INJECTION TARGET OR SEAL UNIT Within the state of Maryland, there are limited analytical data to address the suitability as a CO 2 sequestration target. In cooperation with the Pennsylvania and West Virginia Geological Surveys, this issue will be addressed in Phase II of the MRCSP. EXPLANATION Value 500 ft contours -1000 -7500 -6000 Pennsylvania Maryland West Virginia -3500 -7000 -4500 -2000 -6000 10 5 0 10 20 Miles ³ 10 5 0 10 20 30 Kilometers Figure A13-2.—Structure contour map drawn on the top of the Needmore shale.
APPENDIX A: DEVONIAN ORGANIC-RICH SHALES 119 14. DEVONIAN ORGANIC-RICH SHALES A very complex sequence of mudstones of Middle and Late Devonian age occurs in both the Appalachian and Michigan basins. In the western two-thirds of the MRCSP study area, these shales are primarily known as the Ohio, Chagrin, or Antrim Shales. In the eastern third of the area—the Appalachian basin of Maryland, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia—the shales have an array of names such as Millboro, Marcellus, Harrell, Brallier, Genesee, Sonyea, and Rhinestreet, to name the most important (Figure 5). The Ohio Shale members with the highest organic content and the most widespread occurrence in the Appalachian basin are the Cleveland and Huron Members shales (Figure A14-1). In general the lower-most portion of the overall Ohio Shale is black organicrich shale, which grades upward and eastward into dominantly gray, silty shale in areas of thicker accumulation in the Appalachian basin. In other areas, broad regional structural arches controlled stratigraphy resulting in thinner, but overall dominant, black organic-rich shale. Correlative shales include the New Albany Shale of the Illinois basin and the Chattanooga Shale of the southern part of the Appalachian basin. In the Michigan basin, there are three formal members and one informal member of the Antrim Shale, the Lachine, Paxton, and Norwood Members, and an unnamed upper member (Gutschick and Sandberg, 1991). The Paxton Member is a gray calcareous shale. All the other units are black shale with varying organic content. ORIGIN OF NAMES, TYPE SECTION, SIGNIFICANT EARLIER STUDIES ON THIS INTERVAL Nomenclature of the shale interval varies widely within the MRCSP study area from north to south and west to east, based primarily on the recognition of black, carbonaceous units with generally high gamma-ray response. Stratigraphic studies of Devonian shales are often based on the occurrence of volcanic ash beds, siltstones, and Foerstia and Tasmanites (algal megaspores) zones. Figure A14-1 is a correlation chart of the major Devonian shale units in the Appalachian basin. Table A14-1 lists the major units, the original reference, and type section. The reader is also referred to de Witt, 1993 as a good overview of Devonian shale stratigraphy for the Appalachian basin. Extensively studies on Devonian shales have occurred by many workers since in the 1800s; thus, no attempt was made to trace the various stratigraphic revisions or changes in unit correlations for this interval in the MRCSP region. Much of the research on the Devonian-age shales of the eastern United States was performed by the state geological surveys and directed by the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Eastern Gas Shales Project from 1976 to 1981. Also, studies by the U.S. Geological Survey and investigations sponsored by the Gas Research Institute (now Gas Technology Institute) of Chicago, Illinois, have greatly contributed to the understanding of these Devonian organic-rich, gas-bearing rocks. A few of the more recent studies of significances include work by Decker and others (1992), Roen and Kepferle (1993), Boswell (1996), Milici (1996), and Ryder (1996). NATURE OF LOWER AND UPPER CONTACTS Within the Appalachian basin portion of the MRCSP study area, Devonian shales unconformably and conformably overlie carbonates or shales of Upper Silurian or Lower or Middle Devonian age. Figure A14-1.—General stratigraphic nomenclature for the Middle and Upper Devonian black shales in the Appalachian basin. Organic shales are shaded black. F = Foerstia Zone. Black triangles indicate major ash beds. Redrawn from de Witt and others (1993). See also Roen and Kepferle, 1993, Plate 2, cross section A-A'.
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Characterization of Geologic Seques
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ABOUT THE MRCSP The Midwest Regiona
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CONTENTS About the MRCSP ..........
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CONTENTS Figure A14-2.—Structure
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1 CHARACTERIZATION OF GEOLOGIC SEQU
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BACKGROUND INFORMATION 3 (a minimum
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INTRODUCTION TO THE MRCSP REGION’
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GEOLOGIC MAPPING PROCEDURES, DATA S
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OIL, GAS, AND GAS STORAGE FIELDS 27
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CO 2-SEQUESTRATION STORAGE CAPACITY
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CONCLUSIONS AND REGIONAL ASSESSMENT
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REFERENCES CITED 47 National Confer
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49 APPENDIX A Geologic Summaries of
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APPENDIX A: PRECAMBRIAN UNCONFORMIT
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APPENDIX A: CAMBRIAN BASAL SANDSTON
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APPENDIX A: BASAL SANDSTONES TO TOP
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APPENDIX A: UPPER CAMBRIAN ROSE RUN
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Page 125: 25 APPENDIX A: LOWER/MIDDLE DEVONIA
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