MRCSP Phase I Geologic Characterization Report - Midwest ...

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104 CHARACTERIZATION OF GEOLOGIC SEQUESTRATION OPPORTUNITIES IN THE <strong>MRCSP</strong> REGION curs at the Appalachian basin margins as an unconformity between the carbonate rocks of the Upper Silurian/lower Devonian and the Middle Devonian (Figure A11-1). Some authors, such as Wheeler (1963), described the Oriskany as a basal sandstone deposited on a basin-wide unconformity. Erosion following Oriskany deposition near the basin margins might have been more extensive than pre-Oriskany erosion—there are large areas of the basin where the Oriskany is thin or absent, for example the “Oriskany no-sand area” in northwestern Pennsylvania (Figure A11-2 and A11-3). It is also possible that such areas occur because of lack of deposition on positive paleotopographic highs. The rocks above the upper unconformity in eastern Ohio, northwestern Pennsylvania, and western New York consist of limestones and cherty limestones, often containing a basal sandstone or siltstone with “glauconite” (actually, a group of greenish clay minerals of varying composition) that typically indicate deposition on an erosional surface. This is the Springvale Sandstone member of the Bois Blanc Formation, the “Oriskany” of drillers in areas where the true Oriskany is absent. The concept that the Oriskany is everywhere bounded by unconformities is very popular, resulting in many studies showing the upper and lower surfaces of the formation to be disconformable with adjacent strata across the basin (for example, see Opritza, 1996, fig. Dop-3). However, based on core data from north-central Pennsylvania and Greenbrier County, West Virginia, the Oriskany actually lies conformably on the underlying rocks of the Helderberg throughout the main portion of the basin south and east of the cratonic margins (Heyman, 1977; Bruner, 1988). Also, in this area, the Oriskany conformably underlies black shales and cherts of the Needmore and Huntersville formations. This supports the concept by Dennison and Head (1975) of uninterrupted deposition within the central Appalachian basin throughout Early Devonian time. LITHOLOGY AND DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS The Oriskany Sandstone typically is a pure, white, medium- to coarse-grained, monocrystalline quartz sandstone containing wellsorted, well-rounded, and tightly cemented grains (Fettke, 1931; Gaddess, 1931; Finn, 1949; Basan and others, 1980; Diecchio, 1985; Foreman and Anderhalt, 1986; Harper and Patchen, 1996). Quartz and calcite comprise the most common cementing materials in the formation. In many areas of the basin, the formation contains such an abundance of calcite, both as framework grains and as cement, that the rock is classified as an arenaceous limestone. The sandstone originated in a shallow marine setting fairly early in Devonian time when one or more emergent landmasses to the north and southeast were uplifted and eroded (Harper and Patchen, 1996). Although the character of the sand grains in the Oriskany indicate a mature, multicycled sediment, the specific origin of the Oriskany sand deposits remains unsettled. Dennison (1961) among others, suggested the sand originated to the southeast and spread northwestward across the basin. Stow (1938) determined that, although the sandstone in the central Appalachians (northeastern Figure A11-1.—Stratigraphic correlation chart of the Oriskany Sandstone and adjacent strata in the Appalachian basin (from Flaherty, 1996).
APPENDIX A: LOWER DEVONIAN ORISKANY SANDSTONE 105 N O T P R E S E N T -5000 T A L L I M I ( S U B C R O P ) -2500 -5000 -2500 L I M 0 I T O F M A P P I N G O N E R O S I -5000 EXPLANATION faults 2500 ft index contours 500 ft contours 30 15 0 30 60 Miles ³ 30 15 0 30 60 90 Kilometers Value 1000 -8500 Figure A11-2.—Structure contour map drawn on the top of the Oriskany Sandstrone.
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Characterization of Geologic Seques
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ABOUT THE MRCSP The Midwest Regiona
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CONTENTS About the MRCSP ..........
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CONTENTS Figure A14-2.—Structure
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1 CHARACTERIZATION OF GEOLOGIC SEQU
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BACKGROUND INFORMATION 3 (a minimum
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INTRODUCTION TO THE MRCSP REGION’
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GEOLOGIC MAPPING PROCEDURES, DATA S
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OIL, GAS, AND GAS STORAGE FIELDS 27
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CO 2-SEQUESTRATION STORAGE CAPACITY
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CONCLUSIONS AND REGIONAL ASSESSMENT
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REFERENCES CITED 47 National Confer
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49 APPENDIX A Geologic Summaries of
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APPENDIX A: PRECAMBRIAN UNCONFORMIT
Page 61 and 62: APPENDIX A: CAMBRIAN BASAL SANDSTON
Page 67 and 68: APPENDIX A: BASAL SANDSTONES TO TOP
Page 73 and 74: APPENDIX A: UPPER CAMBRIAN ROSE RUN
Page 81 and 82: APPENDIX A: KNOX TO LOWER SILURIAN
Page 87 and 88: N T R APPENDIX A: KNOX TO LOWER SIL
Page 89 and 90: APPENDIX A: MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN ST. P
Page 91 and 92: -6000 -8000 APPENDIX A: MIDDLE ORDO
Page 93 and 94: APPENDIX A: LOWER SILURIAN MEDINA G
Page 101 and 102: APPENDIX A: NIAGARAN/LOCKPORT THROU
Page 103 and 104: APPENDIX A: NIAGARAN/LOCKPORT THROU
Page 105 and 106: A APPENDIX A: NIAGARAN/LOCKPORT THR
Page 107 and 108: APPENDIX A: MIDDLE SILURIAN NIAGARA
Page 109 and 110: -3000 APPENDIX A: MIDDLE SILURIAN N
Page 111: APPENDIX A: LOWER DEVONIAN MANDATA
Page 115 and 116: APPENDIX A: LOWER DEVONIAN ORISKANY
Page 121 and 122: APPENDIX A: LOWER DEVONIAN SYLVANIA
Page 123 and 124: -2000 APPENDIX A: LOWER DEVONIAN SY
Page 125 and 126: 25 APPENDIX A: LOWER/MIDDLE DEVONIA
Page 127 and 128: APPENDIX A: DEVONIAN ORGANIC-RICH S
Page 135 and 136: ( ( ( ( APPENDIX A: PENNSYLVANIAN C
Page 137 and 138: APPENDIX A: PENNSYLVANIAN COAL BEDS
Page 143 and 144: APPENDIX A: LOWER CRETACEOUS WASTE
Page 151 and 152: APPENDIX A: REFERENCES CITED 143 Sa
Page 153 and 154: APPENDIX A: REFERENCES CITED 145 an
Page 155 and 156: APPENDIX A: REFERENCES CITED 147 lo
Page 157 and 158: APPENDIX A: REFERENCES CITED 149 Pa
Page 159 and 160: APPENDIX A: REFERENCES CITED 151 Th
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MRCSP Phase I Geologic Characterization Report - Midwest ...

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