MRCSP Phase I Geologic Characterization Report - Midwest ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

76 CHARACTERIZATION OF GEOLOGIC SEQUESTRATION OPPORTUNITIES IN THE MRCSP REGION TRAPS/STRUCTURE Figures A5-4 and A5-5 show only the grossest structures in the MRCSP study area—the Michigan and Appalachian basins, and the central arches area of eastern Indiana, western Ohio, and central Kentucky. Other, somewhat more subtle geologic structures occur throughout the region that have affected the siting of wells targeting deeper Ordovician and Cambrian production. Many good hydrocarbon producing areas within the region are associated with flexures and structural noses mapped on higher formations that are not apparent on regional maps (Potter, 1978). Figure 6 illustrates some of the major structural features affecting the MRCSP study area that are not readily apparent in Figures A5-4 and A5-5. Those of prime importance include the Grenville front, East Continental rift basin, Rome trough, Bowling Green fault zone, Findlay arch, Cincinnati arch, Lexington fault system, and the Pine Mountain thrust fault. Some production is associated with fractures stemming from these structures, and some occur as a result of subtle diagenetic affects related to equally subtle highs. Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, for example, are coincident with subsurface features associated with these structures. Some structural traps occur in narrow, linear, dolomitized zones along normal and strike-slip faults associated with basement faults. For example, the Albion-Scipio trend in Michigan is a model for fault-related fractured and dolomitized reservoir rocks in the Ordovician carbonates. Wickstrom and others (1992) speculated that much of the fracturing associated with Ordovician carbonate reservoirs probably resulted from reactivation of deeper structures. Oil and gas fields associated with fractured Ordovician carbonates in eastern Kentucky and central West Virginia lie along mapped faults associated with the Rome trough, a large Cambrian extensional feature extending from central Kentucky through West Virginia and Pennsylvania (McGuire and Howell, 1963; Harris, 1978), possibly into New York (Harper, 1989; Jacobi and others, 2004). Similarly, Lacazette (1991) indicated that the Bald Eagle Formation was highly fractured in the limited area of north-central Pennsylvania where the formation produces natural gas. Henderson and Timm (1985) identified deep-seated (basement-involved), down-to-the-north, normal faulting on seismic data extending upward through Upper Ordovician carbonates and shales (Trenton and Utica). Fracture porosity in the Bald Eagle sandstones occurs in zones containing vertical to subvertical fracture sets associated to the deep-seated faulting (Laughrey and Harper, 1996). SUITABILITY AS A CO 2 INJECTION TARGET OR SEAL UNIT Sealing Units Figure A5-3.—Representation of Upper Ordovician clastic lithofacies (based on Thompson, 1970). The bracketed interval indicates the range of color-boundary fluctuation within the Bald Eagle interval. The Knox to Lower Silurian Unconformity Interval has many properties favorable for a confining unit. The carbonate rocks above the Knox unconformity typically serve as a fluid barrier (Baranoski and others, 1996), and the shales above provide an extra seal in areas where fracture porosity and permeability exist in the carbonates. Faults, fractures, and the Knox paleokarst system provide the major migration avenues for fluids within the Ordovician carbonate sequence (Nuttall, 1996), so these rocks would have the most effective sealing properties in areas where fracturing has not occurred, or where the fractures have been sealed by mineralization. Figure 6 shows the major basement structures in the MRCSP study area, structures that are known to have affected fracturing in the carbonates. The best potential areas for seals should occur where these
APPENDIX A: KNOX TO LOWER SILURIAN UNCONFORMITY INTERVAL 77 EXPLANATION Structural Front Line FAULTS 5000 ft index contours 500 ft contours Elevation in feet -10000 0 -15000 -5000 B OWL ING G R EE N FA ULT S YS TEM -1000 E N L I G P R O J E C -5000 -10000 T A -10000 -15000 M I T O F M A P T U R A L F R O N T I N P T L A D U C N T L I R 0 I M I T I N S U F F I C I E S T 50 25 0 50 100 Miles 50 25 0 50 100 150 Kilometers ³ Figure A5-4.—Structure contour map drawn on the top of the Knox surface (mainly Knox unconformity).
Page 1 and 2:
Characterization of Geologic Seques
Page 3 and 4:
ABOUT THE MRCSP The Midwest Regiona
Page 5 and 6:
CONTENTS About the MRCSP ..........
Page 7 and 8:
CONTENTS Figure A14-2.—Structure
Page 9 and 10:
1 CHARACTERIZATION OF GEOLOGIC SEQU
Page 11 and 12:
BACKGROUND INFORMATION 3 (a minimum
Page 13 and 14:
INTRODUCTION TO THE MRCSP REGION’
Page 15 and 16:
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
GEOLOGIC MAPPING PROCEDURES, DATA S
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34: GEOLOGIC MAPPING PROCEDURES, DATA S
Page 35 and 36: OIL, GAS, AND GAS STORAGE FIELDS 27
Page 41 and 42: CO 2-SEQUESTRATION STORAGE CAPACITY
Page 53 and 54: CONCLUSIONS AND REGIONAL ASSESSMENT
Page 55 and 56: REFERENCES CITED 47 National Confer
Page 57 and 58: 49 APPENDIX A Geologic Summaries of
Page 59 and 60: APPENDIX A: PRECAMBRIAN UNCONFORMIT
Page 61 and 62: APPENDIX A: CAMBRIAN BASAL SANDSTON
Page 67 and 68: APPENDIX A: BASAL SANDSTONES TO TOP
Page 73 and 74: APPENDIX A: UPPER CAMBRIAN ROSE RUN
Page 81 and 82: APPENDIX A: KNOX TO LOWER SILURIAN
Page 83: APPENDIX A: KNOX TO LOWER SILURIAN
Page 87 and 88: N T R APPENDIX A: KNOX TO LOWER SIL
Page 89 and 90: APPENDIX A: MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN ST. P
Page 91 and 92: -6000 -8000 APPENDIX A: MIDDLE ORDO
Page 93 and 94: APPENDIX A: LOWER SILURIAN MEDINA G
Page 101 and 102: APPENDIX A: NIAGARAN/LOCKPORT THROU
Page 103 and 104: APPENDIX A: NIAGARAN/LOCKPORT THROU
Page 105 and 106: A APPENDIX A: NIAGARAN/LOCKPORT THR
Page 107 and 108: APPENDIX A: MIDDLE SILURIAN NIAGARA
Page 109 and 110: -3000 APPENDIX A: MIDDLE SILURIAN N
Page 111 and 112: APPENDIX A: LOWER DEVONIAN MANDATA
Page 113 and 114: APPENDIX A: LOWER DEVONIAN ORISKANY
Page 121 and 122: APPENDIX A: LOWER DEVONIAN SYLVANIA
Page 123 and 124: -2000 APPENDIX A: LOWER DEVONIAN SY
Page 125 and 126: 25 APPENDIX A: LOWER/MIDDLE DEVONIA
Page 127 and 128: APPENDIX A: DEVONIAN ORGANIC-RICH S
Page 135 and 136:
( ( ( ( APPENDIX A: PENNSYLVANIAN C
Page 137 and 138:
APPENDIX A: PENNSYLVANIAN COAL BEDS
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
APPENDIX A: LOWER CRETACEOUS WASTE
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
APPENDIX A: REFERENCES CITED 143 Sa
Page 153 and 154:
APPENDIX A: REFERENCES CITED 145 an
Page 155 and 156:
APPENDIX A: REFERENCES CITED 147 lo
Page 157 and 158:
APPENDIX A: REFERENCES CITED 149 Pa
Page 159 and 160:
APPENDIX A: REFERENCES CITED 151 Th
show all

MRCSP Phase I Geologic Characterization Report - Midwest ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?