MRCSP Phase I Geologic Characterization Report - Midwest ...

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CHARACTERIZATION OF GEOLOGIC SEQUESTRATION OPPORTUNITIES IN THE MRCSP REGION ABSTRACT The Midwest Regional Carbon-Sequestration Partnership (MRCSP) Phase-1 geologic team conducted a preliminary assessment of the region’s geologic CO 2 sequestration potential for the Paleozoic geologic sequence in Indiana, eastern Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia and for Cenozoic-age strata in the Maryland coastal plain. Nine potential reservoir, and five potential confining cap-rock, intervals (this includes organic shales) were identified, their structure, depth, and thickness mapped, and other physical and chemical data pertinent to CO 2 sequestration compiled. A comprehensive series of digital maps and tabular databases were constructed to facilitate regional sequestration planning and modeling. The Phase-1 assessment indicates the MRCSP region has the potential to sequester in excess of 450 gigatonnes of CO 2 in deep, subsurface geologic formations. This estimate of the CO 2-storage capacity is very large when compared to the present level of CO 2 emissions for the region. Furthermore, geologic mapping and calculations of the storage capacity conducted during Phase-I reveals that the geologic storage capacity for CO 2 is disproportionately distributed, both between and within the partnership states; some areas have high storage potential, while others have little or no known capacity. Hence, for CO 2 sequestration technology to be practical, it is essential that any future CO 2 point-source is located in an area where the subsurface geology is amenable to large-scale CO 2 injection, or, at the least, that the economics of transporting the CO2 from the point-source to the geologic CO2 reservoir is included in the site planning. Future research, to be conducted during Phase-2 of the partnership, will include additional geologic mapping and modeling of additional stratigraphic intervals determined to be viable sequestration targets as well as the refinement of those maps and models developed during Phase-1. Future MRCSP CO 2 sequestration research will also contain components investigating the economic variables associated with transporting CO 2 from existing point-sources to any potential CO 2-storage site. These additional analyses will provide the region with the geologic and economic foundation necessary to advance with CO 2 sequestration technology. ii
CONTENTS About the MRCSP ............................................................................................................................... i Abstract............................................................................................................................................... ii Executive Summary........................................................................................................................... vi Geologic Team Members...............................................................................................................1 Acknowledgments..........................................................................................................................1 Task Statement...............................................................................................................................1 Background Information................................................................................................................1 Potential Geologic Reservoirs..................................................................................................3 Introduction to the MRCSP Region’s Geography and Geology....................................................4 Geography................................................................................................................................4 General Geology, Major Structural Features and Target Areas ...............................................4 Geologic Uncertainties.............................................................................................................9 Stratigraphic Correlation..........................................................................................................9 Selection of Mapped Units and Limitations ............................................................................9 Challenges and Opportunities................................................................................................11 Geologic Mapping Procedures, Data Sources And Methodology...............................................12 Methodology for Structure and Isopach Mapping.................................................................12 Methodologies for other Maps...............................................................................................21 Data Storage and Distribution................................................................................................22 Oil, Gas, and Gas Storage Fields.................................................................................................26 CO 2-Sequestration Storage Capacity for the MRCSP Project.....................................................33 CO 2-Storage Mechanisms in Geologic Formations...............................................................33 CO 2 Properties........................................................................................................................33 Estimating Storage Capacities ...............................................................................................36 Discussion of Results.............................................................................................................42 Conclusions and Regional Assessment for Geologic Sequestration............................................45 References Cited..........................................................................................................................46 Appendix A: Geologic Summaries of Mapped Units ........................................................................49 1. Precambrian Unconformity surface.........................................................................................49 2. Cambrian Basal Sandstones.....................................................................................................52 3. Basal sandstones to top of Copper Ridge Interval...................................................................59 4. Upper Cambrian Rose Run sandstone .....................................................................................65 5. Knox to Lower Silurian Unconformity Interval ......................................................................72 6. Middle Ordovician St. Peter Sandstone...................................................................................81 7. Lower Silurian Medina Group/“Clinton” Sandstone...............................................................84 8. Niagaran/Lockport through Onondaga Interval.......................................................................92 9. Lower Silurian Niagara Group Reefs .....................................................................................99 10. Lower Devonian Mandata Shale .........................................................................................103 11. Lower Devonian Oriskany Sandstone .................................................................................103 12. Lower Devonian Sylvania Sandstone..................................................................................113 13. Lower/Middle Devonian Needmore Shale ..........................................................................116 14. Devonian organic-rich shales ..............................................................................................119 15. Pennsylvanian coal beds in the Appalachian Basin.............................................................126 16. Pennsylvanian coal beds in the Michigan Basin..................................................................131 17. Lower Cretaceous Waste Gate Formation ...........................................................................135 References Cited........................................................................................................................142 FIGURES Figure 1.—Large point-sources of CO 2 within the MRCSP region.....................................................2 Figure 2.—Shaded topographic-relief map of the MRCSP study area................................................5 Figure 3.—Shaded topographic-relief map showing generalized bedrock-geology units...................6 Figure 4.—Generalized cross section across the Michigan and Appalachian basins ..........................7 Figure 5.—Stratigraphic correlation and CO 2-sequestration characterization chart............................8 Figure 6.—Map of major basement faults and other features of the MRCSP region........................10 Figure 7.—Map showing the distribution of all wells .......................................................................13 Figure 8.—Map showing the rock units that comprise the Cambrian basal sandstones....................14 Figure 9.—Map showing the distribution of control points used for Lockport mapping..................16 Figure 10.—Map showing the distribution of control points used for Basal sandstone mapping.....17 iii
Page 1 and 2: Characterization of Geologic Seques
Page 3: ABOUT THE MRCSP The Midwest Regiona
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS Figure A14-2.—Structure
Page 9 and 10: 1 CHARACTERIZATION OF GEOLOGIC SEQU
Page 11 and 12: BACKGROUND INFORMATION 3 (a minimum
Page 13 and 14: INTRODUCTION TO THE MRCSP REGION’
Page 21 and 22: GEOLOGIC MAPPING PROCEDURES, DATA S
Page 35 and 36: OIL, GAS, AND GAS STORAGE FIELDS 27
Page 41 and 42: CO 2-SEQUESTRATION STORAGE CAPACITY
Page 53 and 54: CONCLUSIONS AND REGIONAL ASSESSMENT
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REFERENCES CITED 47 National Confer
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49 APPENDIX A Geologic Summaries of
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APPENDIX A: PRECAMBRIAN UNCONFORMIT
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APPENDIX A: CAMBRIAN BASAL SANDSTON
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APPENDIX A: BASAL SANDSTONES TO TOP
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APPENDIX A: UPPER CAMBRIAN ROSE RUN
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APPENDIX A: KNOX TO LOWER SILURIAN
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N T R APPENDIX A: KNOX TO LOWER SIL
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APPENDIX A: MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN ST. P
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-6000 -8000 APPENDIX A: MIDDLE ORDO
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APPENDIX A: LOWER DEVONIAN MANDATA
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APPENDIX A: LOWER DEVONIAN ORISKANY
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APPENDIX A: LOWER DEVONIAN SYLVANIA
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( ( ( ( APPENDIX A: PENNSYLVANIAN C
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APPENDIX A: PENNSYLVANIAN COAL BEDS
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APPENDIX A: LOWER CRETACEOUS WASTE
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APPENDIX A: REFERENCES CITED 143 Sa
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