MRCSP Phase I Geologic Characterization Report - Midwest ...

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66 CHARACTERIZATION OF GEOLOGIC SEQUESTRATION OPPORTUNITIES IN THE <strong>MRCSP</strong> REGION EXPLANATION Rose Run Subcrop Extent of Erosional Remnants Extent of RR Mapping 25 12.5 0 25 50 Miles 25 12.5 0 25 50 75 Kilometers ³ Figure A4-1.—Subcrop and extent map of the Rose Run sandstone.
APPENDIX A: UPPER CAMBRIAN ROSE RUN SANDSTONE 67 ORIGIN OF NAMES, TYPE SECTION, SIGNIFICANT EARLIER STUDIES ON THIS INTERVAL The Rose Run sandstone was first described and named by Freeman (1949) from the Judy and Young #1 Rose Run Iron Co. well in Bath County, Kentucky where about 70 feet of poorly sorted sandstone was encountered approximately 300 feet below the Knox unconformity. Butts (1918) initially named the Upper Sandy member of the Gatesburg Formation (Rose Run equivalent) from outcrop studies in central Pennsylvania. Wagner (1961, 1966a,b,c, 1976) conducted subsurface studies of Cambrian-Ordovician stratigraphy of western Pennsylvania and bordering states and attempted to establish a workable nomenclature for this interval. He adopted the central Pennsylvania nomenclature of Kay (1944), Wilson (1952), and others for the majority of rocks in western Pennsylvania. In this classification scheme, the Gatesburg Formation in western Pennsylvania is subdivided, in ascending stratigraphic order, into the Lower Sandy member, the Ore Hill member, and the Upper Sandy member (see Figure 5). Janssens (1973), in a detailed stratigraphic study of the Cambrian-Ordovician rocks in Ohio, extended the use of the term Rose Run from the subsurface of Kentucky into Ohio, but did not attempt to name it as a formal unit. He recognized the Copper Ridge, Rose Run, and Beekmantown as informal units of the Knox Dolomite. More recently, Riley and others (1993) performed a detailed investigation of the Rose Run in Ohio and Pennsylvania. They recognized the Copper Ridge, Rose Run, and Beekmantown as mappable, correlable units in the subsurface based on cores, cuttings, and geophysical logs, and suggested that these units be recognized as formal units in Ohio. Regional subsurface correlations of the Cambrian-Ordovician interval across the Appalachian basin have been published that illustrate the lateral extent of the Rose Run and equivalent units (Ryder, 1991; 1992a,b; Ryder and others, 1992, 1996). A more detailed review of nomenclature, and previous work on the Rose Run and equivalent units, can be found in Riley and others (1993) and Baranoski and others (1996). NATURE OF LOWER AND UPPER CONTACTS The Rose Run sandstone directly overlies the Copper Ridge Dolomite or equivalent throughout the mapped area (Figure 5). The base of the unit is typically a gradational contact with the underlying Copper Ridge Dolomite and is difficult to correlate consistently across the basin using geophysical logs. In Ohio, the Rose Run interval, as recognized in core and geophysical logs, consists of a stacked sequence of as many as five sandstone units interbedded with thin, low-permeability dolostone and carbonaceous shale (Baranoski and others, 1996; Riley and others, 2002). The basal sandstone unit of the Rose Run interval is typically separated from the main sandstone body by a dolostone lens approximately 30 feet thick (Figure A4- 2). The contact with the underlying Copper Ridge is placed at the base of this lowermost sandstone unit. This lowermost sandstone is less developed in southern Ohio and Kentucky. In Kentucky, the lowermost sandstone unit of the Rose Run in Ohio is either poorly developed or absent. Thus, the Rose Run-Copper Ridge contact is identified at the base of the main (i.e., well-developed) sandstone interval there, which is stratigraphically higher in the section than in central Ohio. Therefore, the thickness of the Rose Run, as mapped in Kentucky, is less than that mapped in Ohio (Figure A4-3). The base of the Rose Run or equivalent in West Virginia and Pennsylvania is also difficult to identify consistently on geophysical logs because of the heterogeneity of the interval, but is typically placed at the base of the lowermost sandstone unit as in Ohio. The Rose Run sandstone conformably underlies a dolostone interval called the Beekmantown Formation in Ohio and eastern Kentucky (equivalent to the Mines Member of the Gatesburg Formation in central Pennsylvania), except within the Rose Run subcrop trend, where the Beekmantown is absent because of erosion on the Knox unconformity. Where the Beekmantown is eroded, either the Wells Creek Formation or Black River Group directly overlies the Rose Run. In areas with Beekmantown dolostone, the contact is gradational and the top of the Rose Run is placed at the top of the first well-developed, porous, sandstone unit underlying a low-permeability, nonporous dolostone (Riley and others, 1993; Baranoski and others, 1996; Riley and others, 2002). Within the Rose Run subcrop trend, the top of the Rose Run sandstone is a sharp, unconformable contact, and is placed at the top of porous, permeable sandstone that is overlain by impermeable interbedded shale and dolostone of the Wells Creek, or by impermeable, nonporous, dolostone of the Black River. LITHOLOGY The Rose Run interval, as described in subsurface core in Ohio, consists of white to light gray, fine-to medium-grained, sub- to well-rounded, moderately sorted, quartz arenites to subarkoses interbedded with thin lenses of nonporous dolostone (Riley and others, 1993; Baranoski and others, 1996). Glauconite and green shale laminae occur locally. Low-angle cross bedding is the most common sedimentary structure observed in both core and formation micro-imager (FMI) logs. Ripple marks have also been noted in both core and FMI logs. Polygonal mud cracks are present in several of the cores, indicating subaerial exposure of the sandstones during low stands in sea level. In core and outcrop in Pennsylvania, the Rose Run equivalent, the Upper Sandy member of the Gatesburg Formation, contains three principal facies: 1) sandstone; 2) mixed sandstone and dolostone; and 3) dolostone (Riley and others, 1993). The sandstone facies consist of light-gray, fine-grained, well-sorted quartz arenites. The principal cement is silica. Cross bedding is present, including herringbone cross-stratification. The mixed sandstone and dolostone facies is dominated by sandstone that consists of fine- to medium-grained, moderately well sorted quartz arenites. The principal cement is dolomite. The dolostone facies are light-gray to olive-gray and display nodular bedding and bioturbation. Outcrops in central Pennsylvania contain “ribbon rocks” (thin-bedded, wave-rippled and burrowed dolostone), wavy dololaminite, flat pebble conglomerates, and thrombolitic algal mounds in the dolostone facies (Riley and others, 1993). Ooid grainstones are common within the dolostone facies. From a regional study of cores and outcrops in Ohio and Pennsylvania (Riley and others, 1993), monocrystalline quartz and potassium feldspar are the dominant framework constituents in the Rose Run. Polycrystalline quartz and chert generally comprise less than one percent of the sandstone and appear in the more feldspathic samples. Minor amounts (less than one percent) of muscovite and accessory minerals—zircon, tourmaline, garnet, and pyrite—occur locally. Allochems are locally abundant in the Rose Run and include dolostone clasts, glauconite, peloid and dolomitized ooids. Four major cementing agents occurring in the Rose Run include: 1) dolomite; 2) clays; 3) quartz overgrowths; and 4) feldspar overgrowths (Riley and others, 1993). Dolomite is the dominant cementing agent as observed in cores throughout Ohio and Pennsylvania. Five pore textures were observed in the Rose Run, including: 1) intergranular
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Characterization of Geologic Seques
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ABOUT THE MRCSP The Midwest Regiona
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CONTENTS About the MRCSP ..........
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CONTENTS Figure A14-2.—Structure
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1 CHARACTERIZATION OF GEOLOGIC SEQU
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BACKGROUND INFORMATION 3 (a minimum
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INTRODUCTION TO THE MRCSP REGION’
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GEOLOGIC MAPPING PROCEDURES, DATA S
Page 23 and 24: GEOLOGIC MAPPING PROCEDURES, DATA S
Page 35 and 36: OIL, GAS, AND GAS STORAGE FIELDS 27
Page 41 and 42: CO 2-SEQUESTRATION STORAGE CAPACITY
Page 53 and 54: CONCLUSIONS AND REGIONAL ASSESSMENT
Page 55 and 56: REFERENCES CITED 47 National Confer
Page 57 and 58: 49 APPENDIX A Geologic Summaries of
Page 59 and 60: APPENDIX A: PRECAMBRIAN UNCONFORMIT
Page 61 and 62: APPENDIX A: CAMBRIAN BASAL SANDSTON
Page 67 and 68: APPENDIX A: BASAL SANDSTONES TO TOP
Page 73: APPENDIX A: UPPER CAMBRIAN ROSE RUN
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Page 81 and 82: APPENDIX A: KNOX TO LOWER SILURIAN
Page 87 and 88: N T R APPENDIX A: KNOX TO LOWER SIL
Page 89 and 90: APPENDIX A: MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN ST. P
Page 91 and 92: -6000 -8000 APPENDIX A: MIDDLE ORDO
Page 93 and 94: APPENDIX A: LOWER SILURIAN MEDINA G
Page 101 and 102: APPENDIX A: NIAGARAN/LOCKPORT THROU
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Page 105 and 106: A APPENDIX A: NIAGARAN/LOCKPORT THR
Page 107 and 108: APPENDIX A: MIDDLE SILURIAN NIAGARA
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Page 111 and 112: APPENDIX A: LOWER DEVONIAN MANDATA
Page 113 and 114: APPENDIX A: LOWER DEVONIAN ORISKANY
Page 121 and 122: APPENDIX A: LOWER DEVONIAN SYLVANIA
Page 123 and 124: -2000 APPENDIX A: LOWER DEVONIAN SY
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25 APPENDIX A: LOWER/MIDDLE DEVONIA
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APPENDIX A: DEVONIAN ORGANIC-RICH S
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( ( ( ( APPENDIX A: PENNSYLVANIAN C
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APPENDIX A: PENNSYLVANIAN COAL BEDS
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APPENDIX A: LOWER CRETACEOUS WASTE
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APPENDIX A: REFERENCES CITED 143 Sa
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APPENDIX A: REFERENCES CITED 145 an
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APPENDIX A: REFERENCES CITED 147 lo
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APPENDIX A: REFERENCES CITED 149 Pa
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APPENDIX A: REFERENCES CITED 151 Th
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