MRCSP Phase I Geologic Characterization Report - Midwest ...

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6 CHARACTERIZATION OF GEOLOGIC SEQUESTRATION OPPORTUNITIES IN THE MRCSP REGION EXPLANATION Quaternary Age Units Pennsylvanian Age Units Ordovician Age Units Other Units Tertiary Age Units Mississippian Age Units Cambrian Age Units U P P E R P E N I N S U L A Cretaceous Age Units Devonian Age Units Precambrian Age Units Jurassic Age Units A Triassic Age Units Permian Age Units Silurian Age Units MICHIGAN BASIN I L L I N O I S KA NKAK EE ARCH B A S I N CINCINNATI ARCH FINDLAY ARCH A' A P P A L A C H I A N B A S I N F O L D A N D T H R U S T B E L T COASTAL PLAIN LIMIT FOR GEOLOGIC MAPPING 50 25 0 50 100 Miles 50 25 0 50 100 150 Kilometers ³ Figure 3.—Shaded topographic-relief map showing generalized bedrock-geology units (by system) found at or near the surface and bedrock contacts. Major geologic features (folds, arches and basins) of the MRCSP study area are also labeled (from Schruben and others, 1997). A-A' line is location of cross section shown in Figure 4.
INTRODUCTION TO THE MRCSP REGION’S GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY 7 Figure 4.—Generalized cross section across the Michigan and Appalachian basins. Profile line is shown on Figure 3. Elevations for geologic layers in this cross section obtained from maps produced for this report. proximate boundary between the Kankakee arch and Illinois basin in Indiana and the western flank of the Cincinnati arch in Kentucky (Figure 3). The Illinois basin, the focus of another DOE-Carbon Sequestration Partnership, was not included in this MRCSP study. Michigan Basin The Michigan basin is a nearly circular cratonic basin, occurring mostly within the state of Michigan, but locally extending into northern Indiana and northwestern Ohio. The basin is bordered on the north and east by the Canadian shield, on the west by the Wisconsin highland, on the southeast by the Findlay arch, and on the southwest by the Kankakee arch (Figure 3). Interestingly, the basin is situated above a gravity high, a feature that may represent complex basement faulting or a failed rift zone at depth (Hinze and others, 1975). At the center of the Michigan basin, Precambrian basement rocks are overlain by nearly 16,000 feet of sedimentary strata that was deposited from Cambrian through Carboniferous time (Figure 5). Although there have been slight shifts in the depositional center of the basin with time, the basin has remained essentially circular throughout most of the Paleozoic. Appalachian Basin The northern Appalachian basin is an elongate, asymmetric foreland basin with a preserved northeast-southwest trending central axis that extends through Pennsylvania, western Maryland, and West Virginia (Figure 3). The eastern margin of the basin is concealed beneath thrust sheets in the Blue Ridge Province of the Appalachian Mountains. The western margin of the basin occurs in east-central Kentucky and central Ohio. The Cincinnati and Findlay arches separate the Appalachian basin from the Illinois and Michigan basins, respectively (Figure 3). The Appalachian basin initially developed during the Cambrian Period and above the Rome trough, a basement aulocogen formed during Iapetan rifting (McGuire and Howell, 1963; Ammerman and Keller, 1979; Shumaker, 1996). The Rome trough extends eastward from Kentucky into West Virginia, thence northeastward, possibly continuing beneath Ordovician and younger-age sediments of the northern Appalachian basin. Following Iapetan rifting, the basin was enlarged by periodically reactivation of geologic structures that developed in response to collisional tectonics along the eastern margin of North America during the Taconic (Upper Ordovician), Acadian (Middle to Upper Devonian), and Alleghany (Upper Carboniferous) orogenies of the Paleozoic Era (Tankard, 1986; Quinlan and Beaumont, 1984; Thomas, 1995; Shumaker, 1996). The Precambrian basement is overlain by more than 45,000 feet of sedimentary rocks in the central Pennsylvania portion of the northern part of the basin. Sedimentary rocks in the Appalachian basin range Neoproterzoic to Carboniferous-Permian in age. Structural Arches Although the thickest sedimentary cover (and therefore greatest potential for sequestration) are in the basins, portions of several of the broad, structural arches in the MRCSP region also have potential for sequestration of CO 2. The Findlay arch may have started as a positive feature in the late Ordovician during the last phases of the Taconic orogeny (Wickstrom and others, 1992). In northwestern Ohio, the arch forms a broad, shallow platform where there has been significant oil and gas production from the Ordovician Trenton Limestone. The Kankakee arch, a post early Ordovician feature, separates the Michigan basin from the Illinois basin in northern Indiana. The Indiana-Ohio platform is a broad relatively flat-lying area formed where the Kankakee and Cincinnati arches merge. Several wastefluid disposal wells have been drilled to the Mount Simon Sandstone (a deep saline formation) along this trend in northeastern Indiana. The Cincinnati arch is a late Ordovician positive feature that separates the Illinois from the Appalachian basins in Kentucky, Indiana and Ohio. The western boundary of the MRCSP region, in Kentucky and Indiana, represents the approximate boundary between the Cincinnati arch and Illinois basin. Unlike the previously discussed arches, where Precambrian igneous and metamorphic rocks close to the surface, the Cincinnati arch is underlain by the East Continent rift basin, an elongate north-south trending basin filled with a thick sequence of Proterozoic arenaceous rock (Shrake and others, 1991; Drahovzal and others, 1992).
Page 1 and 2: Characterization of Geologic Seques
Page 3 and 4: ABOUT THE MRCSP The Midwest Regiona
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS About the MRCSP ..........
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS Figure A14-2.—Structure
Page 9 and 10: 1 CHARACTERIZATION OF GEOLOGIC SEQU
Page 11 and 12: BACKGROUND INFORMATION 3 (a minimum
Page 13: INTRODUCTION TO THE MRCSP REGION’
Page 17 and 18: INTRODUCTION TO THE MRCSP REGION’
Page 19 and 20: INTRODUCTION TO THE MRCSP REGION’
Page 21 and 22: GEOLOGIC MAPPING PROCEDURES, DATA S
Page 35 and 36: OIL, GAS, AND GAS STORAGE FIELDS 27
Page 41 and 42: CO 2-SEQUESTRATION STORAGE CAPACITY
Page 53 and 54: CONCLUSIONS AND REGIONAL ASSESSMENT
Page 55 and 56: REFERENCES CITED 47 National Confer
Page 57 and 58: 49 APPENDIX A Geologic Summaries of
Page 59 and 60: APPENDIX A: PRECAMBRIAN UNCONFORMIT
Page 61 and 62: APPENDIX A: CAMBRIAN BASAL SANDSTON
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APPENDIX A: CAMBRIAN BASAL SANDSTON
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APPENDIX A: BASAL SANDSTONES TO TOP
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APPENDIX A: UPPER CAMBRIAN ROSE RUN
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APPENDIX A: KNOX TO LOWER SILURIAN
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N T R APPENDIX A: KNOX TO LOWER SIL
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APPENDIX A: MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN ST. P
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-6000 -8000 APPENDIX A: MIDDLE ORDO
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APPENDIX A: LOWER SILURIAN MEDINA G
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APPENDIX A: NIAGARAN/LOCKPORT THROU
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APPENDIX A: MIDDLE SILURIAN NIAGARA
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-3000 APPENDIX A: MIDDLE SILURIAN N
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APPENDIX A: LOWER DEVONIAN MANDATA
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APPENDIX A: LOWER DEVONIAN ORISKANY
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APPENDIX A: LOWER DEVONIAN SYLVANIA
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-2000 APPENDIX A: LOWER DEVONIAN SY
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25 APPENDIX A: LOWER/MIDDLE DEVONIA
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( ( ( ( APPENDIX A: PENNSYLVANIAN C
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APPENDIX A: PENNSYLVANIAN COAL BEDS
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APPENDIX A: LOWER CRETACEOUS WASTE
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MRCSP Phase I Geologic Characterization Report - Midwest ...

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