Work and Leisure

AcknowledgementsWork, leisure, time-pressure and stress 141The author would like to thank Dr Roger Mannell and Lisa Wenger for theirassistance in preparing this chapter and the Canadian Institute for HealthInformation for supporting the analysis of data that form part of thischapter.Notes1 For a discussion of the concept of contracted and committed time see Robinsonand Godbey (1997: 11).2 All correlations reported in this chapter are significant at the 0.05 level, unlessotherwise stated.3 Betas reported in this chapter are controlled for respondents’ employment status,age, gender and education, unless otherwise stated.4 Terms of Gemeinschaft (community) and Gesellschaft (society) were used byFerdinand Toennies (1855–1936) to contrast a genuine form of living togethersurviving in rural areas with superficial and mechanical relationships typical ofmodern urban and industrial settings. See Toennies (1963 [1887]).References and further readingAlfredsson, L., Karasek, R. A. and Theorell, T. (1982) Myocardial infarction risk andpsychosocial work environment: an analysis of the male Swedish working force.Social Science Medicine 16(2): 463–7.Barnett, R. C. (1998) Toward a review and reconceptualization of the work/familyliterature. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs 124(2): 125–82.Berger, B. M. (1963) The sociology of leisure. In E. O. Smigel (ed.) Work andLeisure: A Contemporary Social Problem. New Haven, CT: College and UniversityPress.Bertman, S. (1998) Hyperculture: The Human Cost of Speed. Westport, CT: Praeger.Bond, J. T., Galinsky, E. and Swanberg, J. E. (1998) The 1997 National Study of theChanging Workforce. New York: Families and Work Institute.Coleman, D. and Iso-Ahola, S. E. (1993) Leisure and health: the role of social supportand self-determination. Journal of Leisure Research 25(2): 111–28.Cooper, C. L. and Cartwright, S. (1994) Healthy mind, healthy organization: aproactive approach to occupational stress. Human Relations 47(4): 455–71.Coverman, S. (1989) Role overload, role conflict, and stress: addressing consequencesof multiple role demands. Social Forces 67(4): 965–82.Dumazedier, J. (1967) Toward a Society of Leisure. New York: Free Press.Dumazedier, J. (1975) Introduction. Society and Leisure 7(1): 7–19.Dumontier, F. and Pan Ke Shon, J-L. (1999) Thirteen years later: less constrainedtime, more free time. INSEE Premiere 675: 1–5.Durkheim, E. (1954 [1912]) The Elementary Forms of Religious Life. New York: FreePress.Evans, R. G., Barer, M. L. and Marmor, T. R. (1994) Why are Some People Healthyand Others Not? The Determinants of Health of Populations. New York: Aldine deGruyter.Fourastié, J. (1965) Les 40000 Heures. Paris: Robert Laffont.