Work and Leisure

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History of work 33Thompson, E. P. (1967) Time, work-discipline, and industrial capitalism. Past andPresent 38(1): 56–97.Tilgher, A. (1977 [1930]) Work: What it has Meant to Men through the Ages, trans.D. C. Fisher. New York: Arno Press.Veal, A. J. (1987) Leisure and the Future. London: Allen and Unwin.Veblen, T. (1970 [1899]) The Theory of the Leisure Class. London: Allen and Unwin.Walvin, J. (1978) Leisure and Society, 1830–1950. London: Longman.Watkins, P. (1987) An Analysis of the History of Work. Canberra: Curriculum DevelopmentCentre.Weber, M. (1976 [1930]) The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, 2nd edn.London: Allen and Unwin.Young, M. and Willmott, P. (1973) The Symmetrical Family. London: Routledge andKegan Paul.Zeisel, J. S. (1958) The workweek in American industry 1850–1956. In E. Larrabeeand R. Meyersohn (eds) Mass Leisure. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.Zuzanek, J. (1996) Canada. In G. Cusnman, A. J. Veal and J. Zuzanek (eds) WorldLeisure Participation: Free Time in the Global Village. Wallingford, UK: CABInternational.
Chapter 2The devil still makes workChas Critcher and Peter BramhamIntroductionDuring the 1960s, American academics heralded the emergence of postindustrialsocieties, blessed with rapid technological innovations, high ratesof productivity and economic growth. Time devoted to work would decline,career patterns would change and society could look forward to a ‘leisurerevolution’. Future shock became ‘leisure shock’. All societies – capitalist andcommunist, Western and Eastern – would eventually converge around similarmeritocratic occupational structures, identical technological infrastructuresand common lifestyles. A future of leisure seemed inescapable.In Britain, futurology was regarded with more scepticism. Nevertheless,leisure studies emerged in Britain during the 1970s out of a pragmatic alliancebetween policy-makers, leisure managers and academics, all interested inthe increasing economic, social and psychological importance of leisure. Thesociological strand explored the relationship between leisure, paid work andfamily life. Though subsequently challenged by alternative emphases on thesocial divisions of gender, class and ethnicity, the original triumvirateremained constant. Since the mid-1970s, this research agenda has beenincreasingly challenged for at least two reasons. First, British society, alongwith many other capitalist democracies, has undergone significant changes ineach of the key areas of work, family life and leisure. Second, and as aconsequence, new kinds of theorising about society have emerged, withapparently greater claim to explain these new formations than traditionalmodels.This chapter concentrates on the precise nature of changes in work, familyand leisure in Britain since the mid-1970s and how to interpret them. Thepatterns are often complex. In work there have been severe economic recessionsand mass unemployment, as well as periods of near full employment.The family remains an entrenched ideal but has become so varied that theterm itself no longer seems adequate to encompass the variety of householdformations. In leisure, commercial influences have increased, yet a previouslyimpoverished public and voluntary sector has been given fresh stimulus by
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Gender, work and leisure 83Deem, R.
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Chapter 5The economics of workand l
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UK evidenceThe economics of work an
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The economics of work and leisure 8
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Table 5.5 Hours worked, UK, USA, Ja
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Chapter 6Looking backPerspectives o
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Perspectives on leisure-work relati
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Table 6.1 Wilensky and Parker: rela
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Part IIQuality of life and workand
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124 Jiri Zuzanekthe association bet
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126 Jiri ZuzanekWhat makes people f
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128 Jiri ZuzanekTable 7.3 Feelings
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130 Jiri ZuzanekChoice and control
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132 Jiri ZuzanekTime pressure and p
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134 Jiri Zuzanek1983). Similarly, i
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136 Jiri ZuzanekIn general, the eff
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138 Jiri Zuzanekbeneficial health e
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140 Jiri Zuzanekdeterminants of hum
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142 Jiri ZuzanekFrank, J. W. (1995)
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144 Jiri ZuzanekZuzanek, J. and Bec
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146 Schneider, Ainbinder, Csikszent
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Figure 8.2 Time spent working at ho
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Figure 8.4 Work and family
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Table 8.3 Experiences of stress whe
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Table 8.4 Social experiences of str
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Chapter 9Work, leisure and well-bei
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176 John T. Haworththe activity at
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178 John T. Haworthinfluence of con
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180 John T. Haworthit has to be use
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182 John T. HaworthHaworth, J. T. a
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Chapter 10Leisure and HealthSeppo E
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Chapter 11Serious leisure, voluntee
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202 Robert A. StebbinsCareer volunt
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204 Robert A. Stebbinscosts are see
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206 Robert A. Stebbinswithin one or
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208 Robert A. Stebbinsof achievemen
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210 Robert A. Stebbinsthe president
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212 Robert A. StebbinsUnruh, D. R.
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214 John T. Haworth and A. J. VealH
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232 Author indexDeci, E. 188, 197De
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234 Author indexPrimeau, C. 170, 18
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Subject indexactivity rates 91alien
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238 Subject indexwork-centredness 3
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