Work and Leisure

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Stress and working parents 157work on short notice. High stress fathers in particular are significantly morelikely than others to work on short notice. Finally, both high stress mothersand fathers are more likely than their low stress counterparts to bring workhome in order to keep up with job demands.Stress at workIn our next analysis (Table 8.3) we examined how stressed individuals were atwork when interacting with co-workers, clients, supervisors, and when alone.Only for low stress fathers do we find a significant difference in stress indifferent social situations at work. For low stress fathers, the most stressfultime is interacting with their supervisors. This is also the situation for highstress mothers, although it is not significant in relation to time spent withothers. On the other hand, low stress mothers and high stress fathers showsimilar patterns. They both report the lowest stress when interacting withtheir supervisors and have substantially higher stress when with co-workersand clients or when alone. But again there are no significant differenceswithin categories. What these results seem to suggest is that, at least withrespect to relationships, stress remains fairly constant, with the exception ofstress experienced by low stress fathers.Transitions from home to work and work to home can be perceived asstressful. In the media, mothers and fathers are often seen frantically trying toget their children ready for school and themselves out of the door. Contraryto this image, we find that leaving for work does not significantly increaseone’s stress level, with one exception. High stress mothers seem to be the moststressed all the time and their first work beep is higher than all other groups.(The mean home-to-work stress level for high stress mothers was 0.72, andtheir mean stress level from work-to-home was 0.49.) 6 Everyone appearsto look forward to coming home and stress appears to decrease whenleaving work for home. This is particularly the case for high stress fathers, asshown in Figure 8.5. Low stress mothers and fathers have the least fluctuationin their stress levels when making these home-to-work and work-to-hometransitions.Stress at homeBeing at home is less stressful than being at work regardless of whether onehas high or low stress (home = 0.46, work = 0.73, t = 7.87, p
Table 8.3 Experiences of stress when at workOverall average a Low stress fathers Low stress mothers High stress fathers High stress mothers F bAlone 0.76 (0.64) 0.37 (0.37) 0.48 (0.53) 1.21 (0.52) 1.15 (0.63) 69.36***With co-workers 0.75 (0.68) 0.35 (0.40) 0.45 (0.46) 1.22 (0.67) 1.07 (0.70) 45.42***With supervisor 0.80 (0.80) 0.71 (0.78) 0.27 (0.39) 1.11 (0.78) 1.26 (0.88) 4.24**With clients/pupils 0.73 (0.71) 0.34 (0.50) 0.46 (0.50) 1.23 (0.80) 0.94 (0.61) 14.51***Average 0.76 (0.67) 0.37 (0.43) c 0.45 (0.50) 1.22 (0.63) 1.09 (0.67) 126.13***Notes: **p
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Work and LeisureHere is a book that
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First published 2004by Routledge27
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viContentsPART IIQuality of life an
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viiiIllustrations7.1 Time-use and p
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xNotes on contributorsArts, Manches
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PrefaceThe year 2000 was the twenty
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IntroductionJohn T. Haworth and A.
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Introduction 3this came more from w
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Introduction 5website www.positivep
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Introduction 7differences in men’
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Introduction 9Sampling Method, ques
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ReferencesIntroduction 11American P
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Chapter 1A brief history of work an
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Hunter-gatherer societiesHistory of
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History of work 19morality, involvi
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History of work 21on the same level
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History of work 23task-orientation
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History of work 25ResistanceChanges
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History of work 27In the 1930s, the
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History of work 29Figure 1.1 Estima
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History of work 31While industriali
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History of work 33Thompson, E. P. (
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The devil still makes work 35fundin
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The devil still makes work 37no dou
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The devil still makes work 39cushio
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The devil still makes work 41marria
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The devil still makes work 43differ
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The devil still makes work 45museum
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The devil still makes work 47distri
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The devil still makes work 49the pu
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Chapter 3Postmodern work and leisur
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Postmodern work and leisure 53in th
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Postmodern work and leisurePostmode
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Postmodern work and leisure 57servi
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The ‘Brazilianization thesis’:
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Postmodern work and leisure 61In te
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Postmodern work and leisure 63‘wi
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Postmodern work and leisure 65over-
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Chapter 4Gender, work and leisureJu
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Gender, work and leisure 69I believ
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Gender, work and leisure 71and they
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Gender, work and leisure 73the impa
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Gender, work and leisure 75worked l
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Gender, work and leisure 77Stanley
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Gender, work and leisure 79knowledg
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Gender, work and leisure 81leisure
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Gender, work and leisure 83Deem, R.
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Chapter 5The economics of workand l
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UK evidenceThe economics of work an
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The economics of work and leisure 8
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Table 5.5 Hours worked, UK, USA, Ja
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Page 122 and 123: Chapter 6Looking backPerspectives o
Page 124 and 125: Perspectives on leisure-work relati
Page 126 and 127: Table 6.1 Wilensky and Parker: rela
Page 136: Part IIQuality of life and workand
Page 139 and 140: 124 Jiri Zuzanekthe association bet
Page 141 and 142: 126 Jiri ZuzanekWhat makes people f
Page 143 and 144: 128 Jiri ZuzanekTable 7.3 Feelings
Page 145 and 146: 130 Jiri ZuzanekChoice and control
Page 147 and 148: 132 Jiri ZuzanekTime pressure and p
Page 149 and 150: 134 Jiri Zuzanek1983). Similarly, i
Page 151 and 152: 136 Jiri ZuzanekIn general, the eff
Page 153 and 154: 138 Jiri Zuzanekbeneficial health e
Page 155 and 156: 140 Jiri Zuzanekdeterminants of hum
Page 157 and 158: 142 Jiri ZuzanekFrank, J. W. (1995)
Page 159 and 160: 144 Jiri ZuzanekZuzanek, J. and Bec
Page 161 and 162: 146 Schneider, Ainbinder, Csikszent
Page 169 and 170: Figure 8.2 Time spent working at ho
Page 171: Figure 8.4 Work and family
Page 175 and 176: Table 8.4 Social experiences of str
Page 183 and 184: Chapter 9Work, leisure and well-bei
Page 185 and 186: 170 John T. Haworthwe passively acc
Page 187 and 188: 172 John T. Haworthnow a key elemen
Page 189 and 190: 174 John T. Haworthanalyses of emot
Page 191 and 192: 176 John T. Haworththe activity at
Page 193 and 194: 178 John T. Haworthinfluence of con
Page 195 and 196: 180 John T. Haworthit has to be use
Page 197 and 198: 182 John T. HaworthHaworth, J. T. a
Page 199 and 200: Chapter 10Leisure and HealthSeppo E
Page 201 and 202: 186 Seppo E. Iso-Ahola and Roger C.
Page 215 and 216: Chapter 11Serious leisure, voluntee
Page 217 and 218: 202 Robert A. StebbinsCareer volunt
Page 219 and 220: 204 Robert A. Stebbinscosts are see
Page 221 and 222: 206 Robert A. Stebbinswithin one or
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208 Robert A. Stebbinsof achievemen
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210 Robert A. Stebbinsthe president
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212 Robert A. StebbinsUnruh, D. R.
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214 John T. Haworth and A. J. VealH
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216 John T. Haworth and A. J. Vealc
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218 John T. Haworth and A. J. Vealt
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220 John T. Haworth and A. J. Vealc
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222 John T. Haworth and A. J. Veald
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224 John T. Haworth and A. J. Veale
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226 John T. Haworth and A. J. VealM
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228 John T. Haworth and A. J. Vealh
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230 John T. Haworth and A. J. Veala
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232 Author indexDeci, E. 188, 197De
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234 Author indexPrimeau, C. 170, 18
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Subject indexactivity rates 91alien
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238 Subject indexwork-centredness 3
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