Work and Leisure

Leisure and health 197other life-cycle groups (Zuzanek & Mannell 1999). In developing leisureinterventions to enhance health, the individual’s life circumstances must betaken into account.References and further readingBlair, S. (1993) ‘Physical activity, physical fitness, and health’. Research Quarterly forExercise and Sport, 64: 365–76.Blair, S. and Connelly, J. (1996) ‘How much physical activity should we do? The casefor moderate amounts and intensities of physical activity’. Research Quarterly forExercise and Sport, 67: 193–205.‘Breaking point’ (1995) Newsweek, March 6: 56–61.Coleman, D. (1993) ‘Leisure based social support, leisure dispositions and health’.Journal of Leisure Research, 25: 350–61.Coleman, D. and Iso-Ahola, S. E. (1993) ‘Leisure and health: The role of socialsupport and self-determination’. Journal of Leisure Research, 25: 111–28.Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990) Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. New York:Harper & Row.Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1999) ‘If we are so rich, why aren’t we happy?’ AmericanPsychologist, 54: 821–27.Csikszentmihalyi, M., Larson, R. and Prescott, S. (1977) ‘The ecology of adolescentactivity and experience’. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 6: 281–94.Deci, E. and Ryan, M. (1991) ‘A motivational approach to self: Integration in personality’.Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. 38: 237–88.Dishman, R. (1990) ‘Determinants of participation in physical activity’. InC. Bouchard, R. Shephard, T. Stephens, J. Sutton and B. McPherson (eds),Exercise, Fitness, and Health. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.Endler, N. S. and Parker, J. D. A. (1994) ‘Assessment of multidimensional coping:Task, emotion, and avoidance strategies’. Psychological Assessment, 6: 50–60.Ensel, W. M. and Lin, N. (1991) ‘The life-stress paradigm and psychological distress’.Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, 32: 321–41.Festinger, L. (1957) A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance. Stanford, CA: StanfordUniversity Press.Glass, T., DeLeon, C., Marottoli, R. and Berkman, L. (1999) ‘Population basedstudy of social and productive activities as predictors of survival among elderlyAmericans’. British Medical Journal, 319: 478–483.Haworth, J. (1993) ‘Skill–challenge relationships and psychological well-being ineveryday life’. Society and Leisure, 16: 115–28.Haworth, J. and Evans, S. (1995) ‘Challenge, skill and positive subjective states in thedaily life of a sample of YTS students’. Journal of Occupational and OrganizationalPsychology, 68: 109–21.Iso-Ahola, S. (1980) The Social Psychology of Leisure and Recreation. Dubuque, IA:Wm C. Brown.Iso-Ahola, S. (1994) ‘Leisure lifestyles and health’. In D. Compton and S. Iso-Ahola(eds), Leisure and Mental Health. Park City, UT: Family Development Resources.Iso-Ahola, S. (1997) ‘A psychological analysis of leisure and health’. In J. Haworth(ed), Work, Leisure and Well-Being. London: Routledge.