Work and Leisure

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Stress and working parents 167depression: the role of occupations involving direction, control, and planning.American Journal of Sociology 98: 1351–87.Monat, A. and Lazarus, R. S. (1991) Stress and coping: some current issues andcontroversies. In A. Monat and R. S. Lazarus (eds) Stress and Coping, 3rd edn.New York: Columbia University Press.Robinson, J. P. and Godbey, G. (1997) Time for Life. University Park, PA: PennsylvaniaState University Press.Selye, H. (1952) The Story of the Adaptation Syndrome. Montreal: Acta.Somerfield, M. R. and McCrae, R. R. (2000) Stress and coping research: methodologicalchallenges, theoretical advances, and clinical applications. AmericanPsychologist 55: 620–5.Taylor, S. E. (1991) Health psychology: the science and the field. In A. Monat and R.S. Lazarus (eds) Stress and Coping, 3rd edn. New York: Columbia University Press.Tennen, H., Affleck, G., Armeli, S. and Carney, M. A. (2000) A daily processapproach to coping: linking theory, research, and practice. American Psychologist55(6): 626–36.Thoits, P. A. (1995) Stress, coping, and social support processes: where are we? Whatnext? Journal of Health and Social Behavior (extra issue): 53–79.Waite, L. J. and Nielsen, M. (2001) The rise of the dual worker family: 1963–1997. InR. Hertz and N. Marshall (eds) Working Families. Berkeley, CA: University ofCalifornia Press.Wheaten, B. (1999) Social stress. In C. S. Aneshensel and J. C. Phelan (eds) Handbookof the Sociology of Mental Health. New York: Kluwer Academic/PlenumPublishers.
Chapter 9Work, leisure and well-beingJohn T. HaworthIntroductionThe chapter summarises current perspectives on work, leisure and well-being,and highlights a range of measures of well-being and enjoyment. A model ispresented focusing on the influence of characteristics of situations and personson well-being, and the pivotal role played by enjoyment. The chapterconcludes with the recognition that research is embedded in broaderprocesses influencing well-being, work and leisure.The relationship between work, leisure, social structure and well-being is ofconsiderable concern. Work has been with us a long time. Tools made to acommon pattern have been discovered 2 million years old. Some anthropologistsargue that interaction with the physical and social environment (work)led to the development of both tools and the organism, stimulating our evolution(Ingold 2000). Work can be considered central to human functioning.Both Marx and Freud extolled the potential importance of work for theindividual and society. The historian of work, Applebaum (1998), states that‘The work ethic is the human ethic’. Kohn and Schooler (1983) indicate thatwhere work has substantive complexity there is an improvement in mentalflexibility and self-esteem.Yet stress in employment is viewed as a major problem. Many individualsexperience long hours of work, increasing workloads, changing work practicesand job insecurity. Many have to change jobs more frequently, andincreasing numbers of people are forced to spend periods without jobs. This‘flexibilisation’ of work patterns is seen to have advantages for those who canenhance their CVs and employment potential, while creating greateruncertainty and stress for those facing the possibility of redundancy with lesspersonal, social, cultural and financial resources. In the United Kingdomthere is a socio-economic class divide in access to such resources (ESRCFuture of Work Programme: Taylor 2001, 2002). But there are also indicationsthat in a minority of organisations a new work ethic is emerging,emphasising a ‘reasoned wellness’.Research into leisure is becoming increasingly important. While leisure as
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Work and LeisureHere is a book that
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First published 2004by Routledge27
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viContentsPART IIQuality of life an
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viiiIllustrations7.1 Time-use and p
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xNotes on contributorsArts, Manches
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PrefaceThe year 2000 was the twenty
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IntroductionJohn T. Haworth and A.
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Introduction 3this came more from w
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Introduction 5website www.positivep
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Introduction 7differences in men’
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Introduction 9Sampling Method, ques
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ReferencesIntroduction 11American P
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Chapter 1A brief history of work an
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Hunter-gatherer societiesHistory of
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History of work 19morality, involvi
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History of work 21on the same level
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History of work 23task-orientation
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History of work 25ResistanceChanges
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History of work 27In the 1930s, the
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History of work 29Figure 1.1 Estima
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History of work 31While industriali
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History of work 33Thompson, E. P. (
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The devil still makes work 35fundin
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The devil still makes work 37no dou
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The devil still makes work 39cushio
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The devil still makes work 41marria
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The devil still makes work 43differ
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The devil still makes work 45museum
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The devil still makes work 47distri
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The devil still makes work 49the pu
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Chapter 3Postmodern work and leisur
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Postmodern work and leisure 53in th
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Postmodern work and leisurePostmode
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Postmodern work and leisure 57servi
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The ‘Brazilianization thesis’:
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Postmodern work and leisure 61In te
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Postmodern work and leisure 63‘wi
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Postmodern work and leisure 65over-
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Chapter 4Gender, work and leisureJu
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Gender, work and leisure 69I believ
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Gender, work and leisure 71and they
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Gender, work and leisure 73the impa
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Gender, work and leisure 75worked l
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Gender, work and leisure 77Stanley
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Gender, work and leisure 79knowledg
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Gender, work and leisure 81leisure
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Gender, work and leisure 83Deem, R.
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Chapter 5The economics of workand l
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UK evidenceThe economics of work an
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The economics of work and leisure 8
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Table 5.5 Hours worked, UK, USA, Ja
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Chapter 6Looking backPerspectives o
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Perspectives on leisure-work relati
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Table 6.1 Wilensky and Parker: rela
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Page 139 and 140: 124 Jiri Zuzanekthe association bet
Page 141 and 142: 126 Jiri ZuzanekWhat makes people f
Page 143 and 144: 128 Jiri ZuzanekTable 7.3 Feelings
Page 145 and 146: 130 Jiri ZuzanekChoice and control
Page 147 and 148: 132 Jiri ZuzanekTime pressure and p
Page 149 and 150: 134 Jiri Zuzanek1983). Similarly, i
Page 151 and 152: 136 Jiri ZuzanekIn general, the eff
Page 153 and 154: 138 Jiri Zuzanekbeneficial health e
Page 155 and 156: 140 Jiri Zuzanekdeterminants of hum
Page 157 and 158: 142 Jiri ZuzanekFrank, J. W. (1995)
Page 159 and 160: 144 Jiri ZuzanekZuzanek, J. and Bec
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Page 191 and 192: 176 John T. Haworththe activity at
Page 193 and 194: 178 John T. Haworthinfluence of con
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Page 215 and 216: Chapter 11Serious leisure, voluntee
Page 217 and 218: 202 Robert A. StebbinsCareer volunt
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Page 221 and 222: 206 Robert A. Stebbinswithin one or
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Page 227 and 228: 212 Robert A. StebbinsUnruh, D. R.
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218 John T. Haworth and A. J. Vealt
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222 John T. Haworth and A. J. Veald
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224 John T. Haworth and A. J. Veale
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228 John T. Haworth and A. J. Vealh
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230 John T. Haworth and A. J. Veala
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232 Author indexDeci, E. 188, 197De
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234 Author indexPrimeau, C. 170, 18
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Subject indexactivity rates 91alien
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238 Subject indexwork-centredness 3
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