ghana climate change vulnerability and adaptation assessment

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Indicator DescriptionData source andyearImpact onvulnerabilityread or write in English,any Ghanaian language,or any foreign language.MalnourishedchildrenThe percentage of all 0-59 month old children,within a district, that areconsidered underweightfor their age. Childrenare consideredunderweight if theirweight is more than twostandard deviationsbelow the United StatesNational Center forHealth Statistics’standard weight for age.CWIQ II High percentageincreasesvulnerabilityPovertyPerceptionThe percentage of totalhouseholds within adistrict that self identifiedas either “poor” or “verypoor”CWIQ II High percentageincreasesvulnerabilityRoad Accessibility The percentage ofhouseholds within adistrict that can accesstheir homes by roadthroughout the yearCWIQ II High percentagedecreasesvulnerability122 GHANA CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION ASSESSMENTRelevance for climate change socialvulnerabilitymore on climate-sensitive forms of employment (likeagriculture and fishing). They are also less likely tohave a political voice and their welfare may be a lowpriority on a national level (Adger et al., 2004)Illiteracy serves as a barrier to facilitatingunderstanding of the complex nature of hazards andappropriate responses to them (Brooks et al., 2005).People in poor health, and those who areundernourished, will be more vulnerable to theimmediate and secondary impacts of extremeevents, whether this takes the form of directphysical injury or a more complex impact such asfood shortage or famine. A population in poorgeneral health is less likely to be prepared for adisaster, and less likely to be able to cope with theimpacts of a disaster in the short term. Familiescaring for sick or malnourished members have lesstime, money, and energy to invest in activities thatmight mitigate the impacts of external hazards,recover from hazard events, or prepare for thefuture (Adger et al., 2004).Poor people often lack the education, skills, financialresources, and networks that are increasinglynecessary to procure income or diversify away froma failing livelihood (Eriksen et al., 2007). Poorcommunities often face greater levels of risk thanmore affluent populations (United Nations, 2001).Poor people are more likely to live in hazard-pronelocations, but will be less likely to invest inadaptation measures as they have more immediatepriorities (Adger et al., 2004).The existence of a reliable transportation network,year round, increases the ability of rural populationsto access markets to sell excess produce orlivestock or engage in other entrepreneurialactivities in times of crisis (Adger et al.,2004). Awell-developed transportation system also enables amore efficient system of aid delivery and increasesOther studies usingthis (or somethingsimilar) as anindicator of climatechange socialvulnerabilityBrooks et al., 2005Haan et al., 2001O’Brien et al., 2005Eriksen et al., 2007Brooks et al., 2005Eriksen et al., 2007Haan et al., 2001Adger et al., 2004Global EnvironmentalRisk, 2001Brooks et al., 2005Eriksen et al., 2007Brooks 2003Adger et al., 2004Global EnvironmentalRisk, 2001Brooks et al. 2005Haan et al., 2001Eriksen et al. 2007Adger et al. 2004
Indicator DescriptionUnimproveddrinking watersourceThe percentage of totalhouseholds within adistrict that depend onunimproved sources fortheir drinking water.Unimproved sourcesinclude rainwater, rivers,lakes, ponds, andunprotected wells.Data source andyearImpact onvulnerabilityCWIQ II High percentageincreasesvulnerabilityRelevance for climate change socialvulnerabilitythe ability of communities to participate in policy.Lack of access at any time during the year increasesvulnerability by further isolating remote settlementsand limiting the extent to which social networks andstructures can make a meaningful difference in termsof contributing to adaptation and reducingvulnerability.Districts with better infrastructure are expected tohave a higher capacity to adapt to climatefluctuations and other economic shocks (O’Brien etal., 2004). Households that rely on rainfall or waterbodies for drinking water have fewer adaptationoptions if those sources are negatively impacted byclimate change. Further, unimproved water sourcespresent greater health risks.Other studies usingthis (or somethingsimilar) as anindicator of climatechange socialvulnerabilityGlobal EnvironmentalRisk, 2001Brooks et al. 2005Haan et al., 2001O’Brien et al. 2004GHANA CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION ASSESSMENT 123
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GHANA CLIMATE CHANGEVULNERABILITY A
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GHANACLIMATE CHANGEVULNERABILITY AN
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ACRONYMSCAADPCBOCCCDCSCEACEPFCFMCIC
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NGONCRCNREGNRMNTFPPAPAMSCPPGRCRAMSA
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARYCountries in Afric
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precipitation changes is not very d
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AGRICULTURE AND LIVELIHOODSAgricult
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would include concentrating access
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of transparency pervade the current
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alternate energy sources (i.e., fos
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affecting carbon sequestration. Adv
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Information and analysis needs for
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1. INTRODUCTIONThe West African cou
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ABFigure 2.1 Two approaches to vuln
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Mean Annual Temperature (C)2928.528
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The UNDP-NSCP country-level climate
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For most eco-climatic zones, five-y
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increases generally were projected
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Table 3.2 Potential change in tempe
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parameter (temperature and precipit
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emission scenarios gives a decrease
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of finance and economic planning, f
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indigenous people and more recently
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Phase 1 REDD ReadinessConsultations
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SC. A New National Plantation Devel
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to be developed that provide rigoro
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LandownerTable 4.1 Land Ownership i
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ProblemTable 4.2 Problems Associate
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TENURE CONSIDERATIONS IN LIGHT OF C
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the south of the Ashanti Uplands re
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Figure 5.1 Ecological Zones of Ghan
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North latitude. Minia (2008) deline
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Table 5.1 Percentage of producer ho
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over a longer period. With the risk
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LAND SUITABILITYThe CSIR-Soil Resea
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Table 5.3 Crop Suitability by Soil
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MAJOR CROPSMAIZEMaize is the most i
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Source: Chamberlin, 2007, Figure 13
Page 83 and 84: Total area(ha)MangroveswampTable 5.
Page 85 and 86: Source: Chamberlin, 2007Figure 5.6
Page 87 and 88: Farmers who depend on annual rains
Page 89 and 90: Adjusting timing ofirrigationPricin
Page 91 and 92: Transportation networkChanging Crop
Page 93 and 94: Lower world food pricesAttitudes to
Page 95 and 96: POPULATION AND ECONOMYGhana contain
Page 97 and 98: Ghana is comprised of crop and live
Page 99 and 100: URBAN VERSES RURAL LIVELIHOODS 3Liv
Page 101 and 102: income; non-farm related enterprise
Page 103 and 104: 6. VULNERABILITY TOCLIMATE CHANGETh
Page 105 and 106: DESERTIFICATION“Desertification
Page 107 and 108: In the National Action Plan to Comb
Page 109 and 110: significantly recovered by the late
Page 111 and 112: Source: Reich etal., 2001Figure 6.2
Page 113 and 114: Source: US Geological Survey, (http
Page 115 and 116: Two other proximate causes of defor
Page 117 and 118: extreme, fire is essential in fire-
Page 119 and 120: gill nets constructed from traditio
Page 121 and 122: upwelling strength) involved in reg
Page 123 and 124: completely dominate trawl catches b
Page 125 and 126: have increased substantially due to
Page 127 and 128: CategoryFishing effort andtechnolog
Page 129 and 130: (Binet, 1995). Even if the declinin
Page 131 and 132: METHODSAs described above, to asses
Page 133: Indicator DescriptionDistance fromd
Page 137 and 138: lowest vulnerability of any distric
Page 139 and 140: Table 7.2 Social Vulnerability Inde
Page 141 and 142: Table 7.5 Incidence of poverty (per
Page 143 and 144: Table 7.6 Ghana District Names, Ref
Page 145 and 146: Figure 7.4 Percentage of district p
Page 147 and 148: Figure 7.6 Percentage of female-hea
Page 149 and 150: Figure 7.8 Percentage of the Distri
Page 151 and 152: Figure 7.10 Percentage of District
Page 153 and 154: Figure 7.12 Percentage of District
Page 155 and 156: Figure 7.14 Percentage of total Dis
Page 157 and 158: people residing in thesee regions a
Page 159 and 160: CASE STUDY: CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATI
Page 161 and 162: from friends and family to get by d
Page 163 and 164: CASE STUDY: CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATI
Page 165 and 166: At Mole National Park, managers exp
Page 167 and 168: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE N
Page 169 and 170: (interview). An opportunity exists
Page 171 and 172: Upper West Region, 69.8 percent of
Page 173 and 174: Brong-Ahafo Region that entails ref
Page 175 and 176: Ghana Limited, 2009). Given the con
Page 177 and 178: positive impacts, and has upset com
Page 179 and 180: Basin (total area 416,382km 2 ) lie
Page 181 and 182: effect. In the drier scenario, the
Page 183 and 184: Communities are, rightly or wrongly
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carbon sequestration and maintenanc
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Information and analysis needs for
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Table 11.1 Options for intervention
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Barriers toAdaptation andMitigation
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Amanor, K.S. 2001. Share contracts
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Braimoh, A. and P. Vlek (2006). "So
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Energy Commission. 2005. Strategic
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Gyau-Boakye P., and Tumbulto J.W. 2
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Koranteng, K.A. 1995. The Ghanaian
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MSE (Ministry of Science and Agricu
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Rubin, J.A.; Gordon, C.; Amatekpor,
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Wagner, M.R. and Cobbinah, J.R., 19
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Date Organization Interviewee Posit
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APPENDIX 2. TEAM MEMBERSName Role B
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DP - contact person Activity Object
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OrganizationNameInstitutional objec
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APPENDIX 5. SCENARIOS OF TEMPERATUR
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e. RAIN FOREST ZONEBaseline Mean Te
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Aug 191.5 16 12.0 -0.1 -0.5 -1.0 19
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Feb 25.6 3 9.4 -9.1 -29.7 -58.9 23.
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c. TRANSITIONAL ZONEBaseline Mean T
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APPENDIX 8. SCENARIOS OF CHANGES IN
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d. DECIDUOUS FOREST ZONEBaseline Me
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APPENDIX 9. SCENARIOS OF MEAN SEA S
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U.S. Agency for International Devel
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