ghana climate change vulnerability and adaptation assessment

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extend into the forest zone. Of the remaining forest, most is now restricted to protected areas and little isprimary forest, having been modified by humans (Owusu-Ansah, 1994).Seven main forest types are recognized within the forest zone, based on environmental, physiognomonic, andgeographical criteria (Hall and Swaine, 1981): wet evergreen, moist evergreen, upland evergreen, moist semideciduous,dry semi-deciduous, southern marginal, and southeast outlier forest. Three savanna types aregenerally recognized: a transitional zone, Guinea savanna, and Sudan savanna. The change from one type offorest or savanna to another is usually progressive. For purposes of addressing climate change, we delineatedecological zones in Ghana based primarily on annual total rainfall and major natural vegetation types (Halland Swaine, 1976; MSE, 2002; Menczer and Quaye, 2006; Minia, 2008). We recognize six major zones: theCoastal Savanna Zone, Wet and Moist Evergreen Forest Zone, Deciduous Forest Zone, Transitional Zone,Guinea Savanna Zone, and Sudan Savanna Zone.54 GHANA CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION ASSESSMENT
Figure 5.1 Ecological Zones of GhanaaCOASTAL SAVANNA ZONEThe Coastal Savanna Zone is a narrowbelt paralleling the coast (Jenik and Hall, 1976; Dickson and Benneh,1988; Menczer and Quaye, 2006; Minia, 2008). Depending on exact boundaryy placement, estimates of thearea covered by the zone ranges from5,800 km 2 (Oppong-Anane, 2001) to 16,000 km 2 (Menczer and Quaye,2006). Annual total rainfall averages 890 mm (range 600-1,150 mm, Menczerr and Quaye, 2006; Minia, 2008)and occurs in two annual peaks, but rainfall in thesoutheastern n part of the zone is the lowest in Ghana (ca.GHANA CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ANDADAPTATION ASSESSMENT55
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GHANA CLIMATE CHANGEVULNERABILITY A
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GHANACLIMATE CHANGEVULNERABILITY AN
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ACRONYMSCAADPCBOCCCDCSCEACEPFCFMCIC
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NGONCRCNREGNRMNTFPPAPAMSCPPGRCRAMSA
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARYCountries in Afric
Page 15 and 16: precipitation changes is not very d
Page 17 and 18: AGRICULTURE AND LIVELIHOODSAgricult
Page 19 and 20: would include concentrating access
Page 21 and 22: of transparency pervade the current
Page 23 and 24: alternate energy sources (i.e., fos
Page 25 and 26: affecting carbon sequestration. Adv
Page 27 and 28: Information and analysis needs for
Page 29 and 30: 1. INTRODUCTIONThe West African cou
Page 31: ABFigure 2.1 Two approaches to vuln
Page 35 and 36: Mean Annual Temperature (C)2928.528
Page 37 and 38: The UNDP-NSCP country-level climate
Page 39 and 40: For most eco-climatic zones, five-y
Page 41 and 42: increases generally were projected
Page 43 and 44: Table 3.2 Potential change in tempe
Page 45 and 46: parameter (temperature and precipit
Page 47 and 48: emission scenarios gives a decrease
Page 49 and 50: of finance and economic planning, f
Page 51 and 52: indigenous people and more recently
Page 53 and 54: Phase 1 REDD ReadinessConsultations
Page 55 and 56: SC. A New National Plantation Devel
Page 57 and 58: to be developed that provide rigoro
Page 59 and 60: LandownerTable 4.1 Land Ownership i
Page 61 and 62: ProblemTable 4.2 Problems Associate
Page 63 and 64: TENURE CONSIDERATIONS IN LIGHT OF C
Page 65: the south of the Ashanti Uplands re
Page 69 and 70: North latitude. Minia (2008) deline
Page 71 and 72: Table 5.1 Percentage of producer ho
Page 73 and 74: over a longer period. With the risk
Page 75 and 76: LAND SUITABILITYThe CSIR-Soil Resea
Page 77 and 78: Table 5.3 Crop Suitability by Soil
Page 79 and 80: MAJOR CROPSMAIZEMaize is the most i
Page 81 and 82: Source: Chamberlin, 2007, Figure 13
Page 83 and 84: Total area(ha)MangroveswampTable 5.
Page 85 and 86: Source: Chamberlin, 2007Figure 5.6
Page 87 and 88: Farmers who depend on annual rains
Page 89 and 90: Adjusting timing ofirrigationPricin
Page 91 and 92: Transportation networkChanging Crop
Page 93 and 94: Lower world food pricesAttitudes to
Page 95 and 96: POPULATION AND ECONOMYGhana contain
Page 97 and 98: Ghana is comprised of crop and live
Page 99 and 100: URBAN VERSES RURAL LIVELIHOODS 3Liv
Page 101 and 102: income; non-farm related enterprise
Page 103 and 104: 6. VULNERABILITY TOCLIMATE CHANGETh
Page 105 and 106: DESERTIFICATION“Desertification
Page 107 and 108: In the National Action Plan to Comb
Page 109 and 110: significantly recovered by the late
Page 111 and 112: Source: Reich etal., 2001Figure 6.2
Page 113 and 114: Source: US Geological Survey, (http
Page 115 and 116: Two other proximate causes of defor
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extreme, fire is essential in fire-
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gill nets constructed from traditio
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upwelling strength) involved in reg
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completely dominate trawl catches b
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have increased substantially due to
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CategoryFishing effort andtechnolog
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(Binet, 1995). Even if the declinin
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METHODSAs described above, to asses
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Indicator DescriptionDistance fromd
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Indicator DescriptionUnimproveddrin
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lowest vulnerability of any distric
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Table 7.2 Social Vulnerability Inde
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Table 7.5 Incidence of poverty (per
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Table 7.6 Ghana District Names, Ref
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Figure 7.4 Percentage of district p
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Figure 7.6 Percentage of female-hea
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Figure 7.8 Percentage of the Distri
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Figure 7.10 Percentage of District
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Figure 7.12 Percentage of District
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Figure 7.14 Percentage of total Dis
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people residing in thesee regions a
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CASE STUDY: CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATI
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from friends and family to get by d
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CASE STUDY: CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATI
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At Mole National Park, managers exp
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ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE N
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(interview). An opportunity exists
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Upper West Region, 69.8 percent of
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Brong-Ahafo Region that entails ref
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Ghana Limited, 2009). Given the con
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positive impacts, and has upset com
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Basin (total area 416,382km 2 ) lie
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effect. In the drier scenario, the
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Communities are, rightly or wrongly
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carbon sequestration and maintenanc
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Information and analysis needs for
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Table 11.1 Options for intervention
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Barriers toAdaptation andMitigation
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Amanor, K.S. 2001. Share contracts
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Braimoh, A. and P. Vlek (2006). "So
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Energy Commission. 2005. Strategic
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Gyau-Boakye P., and Tumbulto J.W. 2
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Koranteng, K.A. 1995. The Ghanaian
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MSE (Ministry of Science and Agricu
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Rubin, J.A.; Gordon, C.; Amatekpor,
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Wagner, M.R. and Cobbinah, J.R., 19
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Date Organization Interviewee Posit
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APPENDIX 2. TEAM MEMBERSName Role B
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DP - contact person Activity Object
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OrganizationNameInstitutional objec
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APPENDIX 5. SCENARIOS OF TEMPERATUR
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e. RAIN FOREST ZONEBaseline Mean Te
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Aug 191.5 16 12.0 -0.1 -0.5 -1.0 19
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Feb 25.6 3 9.4 -9.1 -29.7 -58.9 23.
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c. TRANSITIONAL ZONEBaseline Mean T
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APPENDIX 8. SCENARIOS OF CHANGES IN
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d. DECIDUOUS FOREST ZONEBaseline Me
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APPENDIX 9. SCENARIOS OF MEAN SEA S
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U.S. Agency for International Devel
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