ghana climate change vulnerability and adaptation assessment

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Ghana Forestry Commission. 2011. Personal Interview. Executive Director, Head of Planning. Accra, Ghana.March 3, 2011.Gildea, R.Y. 1964. Culture and land tenure in Ghana. Land Economics. 40(1): 102-104.Gockowski, J. and D. Sonwa "Cocoa Intensification Scenarios and Their Predicted Impact on CO 2Emissions, Biodiversity Conservation, and Rural Livelihoods in the Guinea Rain Forest of WestAfrica." Environmental Management: 1-15.Gonzalez, P., 2001. Desertification and a shift of forest species in the West African Sahel. Climate Research,17(2): 217-228.Gorman, M.E.; Werhane, P.H. 2008. The Volta River Project. Case and Teaching Paper Series UVA-E-0161.Charlottesville, VA: Graduate School of Business Administration, University of Virginia. 27 p.Government of Ghana (GoG). 2010. Republic of Ghana Forest Investment Program (FIP) Scoping MissionSeptember 29 to October 1, 2010 Aide Memoire. Available on-line athttp://www.climateinvestmentfunds.org/cif/sites/climateinvestmentfunds.org/files/Ghana%20FIP%20Aide%20Memoire_Final_010311.pdfGriscom, B., Shoch, D., Stanley, B., Cortez, R. and Virgilio, N., 2009. Sensitivity of amounts and distributionof tropical forest carbon credits depending on baseline rules. Environmental Science & Policy, 12(7):897-911.Gregory, P., Ingram, J. and Brklacich, M., 2005. Climate change and food security. Philosophical Transactionsof the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 360(1463): 2139.GSS 2002. Ghana Statistical Service. 2002. 2000 Population and housing census: special report on 20 largestlocalities. Accra, Ghana. 79 p.GSS 2005. Ghana Statistical Service 2005. 2000 Population and Housing Census of Ghana: Demographic,Economic and Housing Characteristics, Total Country. Ghana Statistical Service, Accra, Ghana. 275p.GSS 2007. Ghana Statistical Service. 2007. Pattern and trends of poverty in Ghana, 1991-2006. Accra, Ghana:Central Office, Ghana Statistical Service. 74 p.GSS 2008a. Ghana Statistical Service 2008. Ghana in figures. 32 p. Accra, Ghana.GSS 2008b. Ghana Statistical Service 2008. Ghana living standards survey: report of the fifth round.September 2008. 131 p. Accra, Ghana.GSS 2010. Ghana Statistical Service 2010. 2009 Ghana's Economic Performance: in figures. December 2010.12 p. Accra, Ghana.GGOP 2011. Government of Ghana Official Portal. 2010 Provisional Census Results Out.http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4712:2010-provisional-census-results-out&catid=88:daily-news-summary&Itemid=236. (April 18, 2010).Gyasi, E.A. 1996. Land holding and its relationship with biophysical status: case study of tenancy and nontenancyfarming in Ghana. PLEC News and Views. 7: 21-25.Gyasi, E.A.; Karikari, O.; Dugan, E. 2008. Climate change impacts on land management. In: Allotey, J.;Mensah, L.; eds. Ghana climate change impacts, vulnerability and adaptation assessments, under theNetherlands climate assistance programme. Accra, Ghana: Environmental Protection Agency: 110-168. Chapter 4.190 GHANA CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION ASSESSMENT
Gyau-Boakye P., and Tumbulto J.W. 2000. The Volta lake and declining rainfall and streamflows in the Voltariver basin. Environment, Development and Sustainability 2: 1–10.Haan, N.; Farmer, G.; Wheeler, R. 2001. Chronic vulnerability to food insecurity in Kenya. A World FoodProgram Study for improving vulnerability analysis.http://one.wfp.org/operations/vam/documents/ken_vip_2001.pdfHaile, M., 2005. Weather patterns, food security and humanitarian response in sub-Saharan Africa.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 360(1463): 2169.Haines, A., R. S. Kovats, et al. (2006). "Climate change and human health: impacts, vulnerability, andmitigation." The Lancet 367: 2101-2109.Hall, J. B., and M. D. Swaine. 1976. Classification and ecology of closed-canopy forest in Ghana. Journal ofEcology 64:913-951.Hansen, C.P., 2011. Forest law compliance and enforcement: The case of on-farm timber extraction inGhana. Journal of Environmental Management, 92(3): 575-586.Hansen, C.P., Lund, J.F. and Treue, T., 2009. Neither fast, nor easy: the prospect of Reduced Emissions fromDeforestation and Degradation (REDD) in Ghana. International Forestry Review, 11(4): 439-455.Hansen, C.P. and Treue, T., 2008. Assessing illegal logging in Ghana. International Forestry Review, 10(4):573-590.Harvey, D. 2007. Climate change turning the lights out on Ghana. Five Minutes to Midnight, June 2007issue. Available from: http://www.11-55.org/issues3/issue.php?iss=48&art=48.3 ; accessed 4 May2011.Hayes, J.; Roth, M.; Zepeda, L. 1997. Tenure Security, Investment and Productivity. Gambian AgriculturalEconomics. 79(2): 369-382.Herold, M. and Johns, T., 2007. Linking requirements with capabilities for deforestation monitoring in thecontext of the UNFCCC-REDD process. Environmental Research Letters, 2: 045025.Herold, M. and Skutsch, M., 2009. Measurement, reporting and verification for REDD+: objectives,capacities and institutions. National REDD Architecture and Policies.Hesselberg, J.; Yaro, J.A. 2006. An assessment of the extent and causes of food insecurity in northern Ghanausing a livelihood vulnerability framework. GeoJournal. 67: 41-55.Hijmans, R.J., Cameron, S.E., Parra, J.L., Jones, P.G., Jarvis, A. 2005. Very high resolution interpolatedclimate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology 25: 1965-1978.Human Security Index. www.humansecurityindex.org. March 9, 2011. (April 26, 2011).Hunter, H.M. 1963. Coca migration and patterns of land ownership in the Densu valley near Suhum, Ghana.Transactions and Papers of the Institute of British Geographers. 33.Idinoba, M.; Nkem, J.; Kalame, F.B.; Tachie-Obeng, E.; Gyampoh, B. 2009. Dealing with limitation of forestecosystem services through a vulnerability assessment and planed adaptation actions. In: April 26-30International Human Dimensions Programme Open Meeting. Bonn, Germany: International HumanDimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change. 20 p.International Cocoa Organization (ICCO). 2009. Annual Report. London, UK. 36 p.Impraim, C. 2011. Personal communication. Lead fisherman. Winneba, Ghana.GHANA CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION ASSESSMENT 191
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GHANA CLIMATE CHANGEVULNERABILITY A
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GHANACLIMATE CHANGEVULNERABILITY AN
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ACRONYMSCAADPCBOCCCDCSCEACEPFCFMCIC
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NGONCRCNREGNRMNTFPPAPAMSCPPGRCRAMSA
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARYCountries in Afric
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precipitation changes is not very d
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AGRICULTURE AND LIVELIHOODSAgricult
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would include concentrating access
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of transparency pervade the current
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alternate energy sources (i.e., fos
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affecting carbon sequestration. Adv
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Information and analysis needs for
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1. INTRODUCTIONThe West African cou
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ABFigure 2.1 Two approaches to vuln
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Mean Annual Temperature (C)2928.528
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The UNDP-NSCP country-level climate
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For most eco-climatic zones, five-y
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increases generally were projected
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Table 3.2 Potential change in tempe
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parameter (temperature and precipit
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emission scenarios gives a decrease
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of finance and economic planning, f
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indigenous people and more recently
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Phase 1 REDD ReadinessConsultations
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SC. A New National Plantation Devel
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to be developed that provide rigoro
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LandownerTable 4.1 Land Ownership i
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ProblemTable 4.2 Problems Associate
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TENURE CONSIDERATIONS IN LIGHT OF C
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the south of the Ashanti Uplands re
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Figure 5.1 Ecological Zones of Ghan
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North latitude. Minia (2008) deline
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Table 5.1 Percentage of producer ho
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over a longer period. With the risk
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LAND SUITABILITYThe CSIR-Soil Resea
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Table 5.3 Crop Suitability by Soil
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MAJOR CROPSMAIZEMaize is the most i
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Source: Chamberlin, 2007, Figure 13
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Total area(ha)MangroveswampTable 5.
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Source: Chamberlin, 2007Figure 5.6
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Farmers who depend on annual rains
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Adjusting timing ofirrigationPricin
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Transportation networkChanging Crop
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Lower world food pricesAttitudes to
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POPULATION AND ECONOMYGhana contain
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Ghana is comprised of crop and live
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URBAN VERSES RURAL LIVELIHOODS 3Liv
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income; non-farm related enterprise
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6. VULNERABILITY TOCLIMATE CHANGETh
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DESERTIFICATION“Desertification
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In the National Action Plan to Comb
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significantly recovered by the late
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Source: Reich etal., 2001Figure 6.2
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Source: US Geological Survey, (http
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Two other proximate causes of defor
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extreme, fire is essential in fire-
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gill nets constructed from traditio
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upwelling strength) involved in reg
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completely dominate trawl catches b
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have increased substantially due to
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CategoryFishing effort andtechnolog
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(Binet, 1995). Even if the declinin
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METHODSAs described above, to asses
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Indicator DescriptionDistance fromd
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Indicator DescriptionUnimproveddrin
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lowest vulnerability of any distric
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Table 7.2 Social Vulnerability Inde
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Table 7.5 Incidence of poverty (per
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Table 7.6 Ghana District Names, Ref
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Figure 7.4 Percentage of district p
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Figure 7.6 Percentage of female-hea
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Figure 7.8 Percentage of the Distri
Page 151 and 152: Figure 7.10 Percentage of District
Page 153 and 154: Figure 7.12 Percentage of District
Page 155 and 156: Figure 7.14 Percentage of total Dis
Page 157 and 158: people residing in thesee regions a
Page 159 and 160: CASE STUDY: CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATI
Page 161 and 162: from friends and family to get by d
Page 163 and 164: CASE STUDY: CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATI
Page 165 and 166: At Mole National Park, managers exp
Page 167 and 168: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE N
Page 169 and 170: (interview). An opportunity exists
Page 171 and 172: Upper West Region, 69.8 percent of
Page 173 and 174: Brong-Ahafo Region that entails ref
Page 175 and 176: Ghana Limited, 2009). Given the con
Page 177 and 178: positive impacts, and has upset com
Page 179 and 180: Basin (total area 416,382km 2 ) lie
Page 181 and 182: effect. In the drier scenario, the
Page 183 and 184: Communities are, rightly or wrongly
Page 185 and 186: carbon sequestration and maintenanc
Page 187 and 188: Information and analysis needs for
Page 189 and 190: Table 11.1 Options for intervention
Page 191 and 192: Barriers toAdaptation andMitigation
Page 197 and 198: Amanor, K.S. 2001. Share contracts
Page 199 and 200: Braimoh, A. and P. Vlek (2006). "So
Page 201: Energy Commission. 2005. Strategic
Page 205 and 206: Koranteng, K.A. 1995. The Ghanaian
Page 207 and 208: MSE (Ministry of Science and Agricu
Page 209 and 210: Rubin, J.A.; Gordon, C.; Amatekpor,
Page 211 and 212: Wagner, M.R. and Cobbinah, J.R., 19
Page 213 and 214: Date Organization Interviewee Posit
Page 219 and 220: APPENDIX 2. TEAM MEMBERSName Role B
Page 221 and 222: DP - contact person Activity Object
Page 229 and 230: OrganizationNameInstitutional objec
Page 241 and 242: APPENDIX 5. SCENARIOS OF TEMPERATUR
Page 243 and 244: e. RAIN FOREST ZONEBaseline Mean Te
Page 245 and 246: Aug 191.5 16 12.0 -0.1 -0.5 -1.0 19
Page 247 and 248: Feb 25.6 3 9.4 -9.1 -29.7 -58.9 23.
Page 249 and 250: c. TRANSITIONAL ZONEBaseline Mean T
Page 251 and 252: APPENDIX 8. SCENARIOS OF CHANGES IN
Page 253 and 254:
d. DECIDUOUS FOREST ZONEBaseline Me
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APPENDIX 9. SCENARIOS OF MEAN SEA S
Page 258:
U.S. Agency for International Devel
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