ghana climate change vulnerability and adaptation assessment

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Lemoalle, J., and D. de Condappa. 2009. Water atlas of the Volta Basin. Volta Basin Focal Project (BFPVolta), PN55, Challenge Program on Water and Food, Consultative Group on InternationalAgricultural Research. Colombo, Marseille, France.Lokko , P., E. Asibey-Berko, and G. Nerquaye-Tetteh, G. 2001. Iodine content of marine fish in Ghana.Ghana Journal of Science 41:43-48Ly, C. K. 1980. The role of Akosombo dam on the Volta River in causing coastal erosion in central andeastern Ghana (West Africa). Marine Geology 37:323-332.Malhi, Y. and Wright, J., 2004. Spatial patterns and recent trends in the climate of tropical rainforest regions.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 359(1443):311.Marfo, E., Halladay, P., Zagt, R. and Wit, M., 2010. Chainsaw Milling in Ghana: Context, drivers and impacts.Tropenbos International, Wageningen, the Netherlands, 12: 64.Marquette, C.M., K.A. Koranteng, R. Overa, and E.B.D. Eryeetey E.B.D. 2002. Small-scale fisheries,population dynamics and resource use in Africa: The case of Moree, Ghana. Ambio 31(4):324-336.Maurer, E.P., Adam, J.C., Wood, A.W. 2009. Climate model based consensus on the hydrologic impacts ofclimate change to the Rio Lempa basin of Central America, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,13: 183-194.McSweeney, C., M. New, and G. Lizcano. not dated. UNDP Climate Change Country Profiles: Ghana.UNDP Climate Change Country Profiles, School of Geography and Environment, University ofOxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Available from: http://country-profiles.geog.ox.ac.uk; accessedApril 2011.Meehl, G. A., Covey, C., Delworth, T., Latif, M., McAvaney, B., Mitchell, J.F.B., Stouffer, R.J., Taylor, K.E.2007. The WCRP CMIP3 multi-model dataset: A new era in climate change research. Bulletin of theAmerican Meteorological Society, 88: 1383-1394.Menczer, K. and E. Quaye. 2006. USAID/Ghana Environmental Threats and Opportunities Assessment(FAA 118/9 Assessment). USAID, Accra, Ghana.Mensah-Bonsu, A.and D B. Sarpong. (Unknown Date). Land Tenure System and Land for Farming in Ghana: AnEmpirical Analysis of Factors Affecting Access and Security. Theme: Customary and Statutory Land Tenure andLand Policy in Ghana. University of Ghana, Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research.Mensah, J. V. 1997. Causes and effects of coastal sand mining in Ghana. Singapore Journal of TropicalGeography 18:69-88.Mensah, M.A. 1995. The occurrence of zooplankton off Tema during the period 1969–1992. Pages 279–289in Dynamics and Use of Sardinella Resources from Upwelling off Ghana and Ivory Coast. F. X. Bard,and K. A. Koranteng, editors. ORSTOM Editions, Paris.Mensah, M.A., and K.A. Koranteng. 1988. A review of the oceanography and fisheries resources in thecoastal waters of Ghana, 1981–1986. Marine Fisheries Research Report 8. 35 pp.Minia, Z. 2008. Climate change scenario development. Pages 2-13 in W. K. Agyemang-Bonsu, editor. GhanaClimate Change Impacts, Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessments. Environmental ProtectionAgency, Accra, Ghana.Moritz, Mark. 2010. Understanding Herder-Farmer Conflicts in West Africa: Outlines of a ProcessualApproach. Human Organization 69(2):138-148.194 GHANA CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION ASSESSMENT
MSE (Ministry of Science and Agriculture). 2002. National biodiversity strategy for Ghana. Ministry ofScience and Agriculture. Accra, Ghana.Müller, C., Cramer, W., Hare, W.L. and Lotze-Campen, H., 2011. Climate change risks for Africanagriculture. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(11): 4313-4315.Nelson, W., Agbey, S.N.D. 2005. Linkages between poverty and climate change: adaptation for livelihood ofthe poor in Ghana. Report. Accra, Ghana: Climate and Development Knowledge Network. 71 p.Nelson, W., Agbey, S.N.D. Climate change and poverty linkages. In: Allotey, J.; Mensah, L.; eds. Ghanaclimate change impacts, vulnerability and adaptation assessments, under the Netherlands climateassistance programme. Accra, Ghana: Environmental Protection Agency: 169-206. Chapter 5.Nicholson, S. E., B. Scom, and K. Kone. 2000. An analysis of recent rainfall conditions in west Africa,including the rainy seasons of the 1997 El Niño and the 1998 La Niña years. Journal of Climate13:2628-2640.Nunoo F.K.E., Boaten J.O., Ahulu A.M., Agyekum K.A., Sumaila U.R. (2009) When trash fish is treasure: thecase of Ghana in West Africa, Fisheries Research 96:167-172>O’Brien, K., Eriksen, S., Schjolden, A. and Nygaard, L., 2004a. What’s in a word. Conflicting interpretationsof vulnerability in climate change research. Oslo, Senter for klimaforskning: Working paper: 16.O’Brien, K.; Leichenko, R.; Kelkar, U.; Venema, H.; Aandahl, G.; Tompkins, H.; Javed, A.; Bhadwal, S.; Barg,S.; Nygaard, L.; West, J. 2004b. Mapping vulnerability to multiple stressors: climate change andglobalization in India. Global Environmental Change. 14: 303-313.Oldeman, L. R., R. T. A. Hakkeling, and W. G. Sombroek. 1991. World Map of the Status of Human-inducedSoil Degradation (GLASOD): An Explanatory Note, International Soil Reference and InformationCentre, Wageningen. Available from: http://www.fao.org/landandwater/agll/glasod/glasodmaps.jsp;accessed 20 April 2011.Oppong-Anane, K. 2001. Ghana: Country Pasture/Forage Resource Profiles. Grassland and Pasture CropsGroup, Food and Agriculture Organization. Available fromhttp://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/agpc/doc/pasture/forage.htm, (updated 2006) accessed April 2011.Osafo, Y.B. 2010. A review of tree tenure and land rights in Ghana and their implication for carbon rights ina REDD+ scheme. Redd-net.org. http://redd-net.org/files/Ghana%20Case%20Study.pdfOsei-Owusu, Y. 2011. Personal interview. Country Director, Conesrvation Alliance. Accra, Ghana. February22 nd , 2011.Otsuka, K.; Aidoo, J.B.; Tachibana, T.; Quisumbing, A.R. Date unknown. Causes and consequences ofchanging land tenure institutions in western Ghana. Policy Brief. Gender and forest resourcemanagement: a comparative study in selected areas of Asia and Africa. International Food PolicyResearch Institute, Washington DC. 2 pgs.Place, F.; Hazell, P. 1993. Productivity effects onindigenous land tenure systems in Sub-Saharan Africa. American Journal of Agricultural Economics.75(1): 10-19.OWGT 2911. Official Website of Ghana Tourism. http://www.touringghana.com/ecotourism/mole.asp(May 2, 2011)Owusu-Ansah, D. 1994. The Society and Its Environment. In A Country Study: Ghana. L. V. Berry, editor.Library of Congress, Country Studies. Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. Available:http://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs/cshome.html, accessed April 2011GHANA CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION ASSESSMENT 195
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GHANA CLIMATE CHANGEVULNERABILITY A
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GHANACLIMATE CHANGEVULNERABILITY AN
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ACRONYMSCAADPCBOCCCDCSCEACEPFCFMCIC
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NGONCRCNREGNRMNTFPPAPAMSCPPGRCRAMSA
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARYCountries in Afric
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precipitation changes is not very d
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AGRICULTURE AND LIVELIHOODSAgricult
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would include concentrating access
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of transparency pervade the current
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alternate energy sources (i.e., fos
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affecting carbon sequestration. Adv
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Information and analysis needs for
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1. INTRODUCTIONThe West African cou
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ABFigure 2.1 Two approaches to vuln
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Mean Annual Temperature (C)2928.528
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The UNDP-NSCP country-level climate
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For most eco-climatic zones, five-y
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increases generally were projected
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Table 3.2 Potential change in tempe
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parameter (temperature and precipit
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emission scenarios gives a decrease
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of finance and economic planning, f
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indigenous people and more recently
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Phase 1 REDD ReadinessConsultations
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SC. A New National Plantation Devel
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to be developed that provide rigoro
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LandownerTable 4.1 Land Ownership i
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ProblemTable 4.2 Problems Associate
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TENURE CONSIDERATIONS IN LIGHT OF C
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the south of the Ashanti Uplands re
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Figure 5.1 Ecological Zones of Ghan
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North latitude. Minia (2008) deline
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Table 5.1 Percentage of producer ho
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over a longer period. With the risk
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LAND SUITABILITYThe CSIR-Soil Resea
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Table 5.3 Crop Suitability by Soil
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MAJOR CROPSMAIZEMaize is the most i
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Source: Chamberlin, 2007, Figure 13
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Total area(ha)MangroveswampTable 5.
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Source: Chamberlin, 2007Figure 5.6
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Farmers who depend on annual rains
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Adjusting timing ofirrigationPricin
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Transportation networkChanging Crop
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Lower world food pricesAttitudes to
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POPULATION AND ECONOMYGhana contain
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Ghana is comprised of crop and live
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URBAN VERSES RURAL LIVELIHOODS 3Liv
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income; non-farm related enterprise
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6. VULNERABILITY TOCLIMATE CHANGETh
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DESERTIFICATION“Desertification
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In the National Action Plan to Comb
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significantly recovered by the late
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Source: Reich etal., 2001Figure 6.2
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Source: US Geological Survey, (http
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Two other proximate causes of defor
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extreme, fire is essential in fire-
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gill nets constructed from traditio
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upwelling strength) involved in reg
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completely dominate trawl catches b
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have increased substantially due to
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CategoryFishing effort andtechnolog
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(Binet, 1995). Even if the declinin
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METHODSAs described above, to asses
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Indicator DescriptionDistance fromd
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Indicator DescriptionUnimproveddrin
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lowest vulnerability of any distric
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Table 7.2 Social Vulnerability Inde
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Table 7.5 Incidence of poverty (per
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Table 7.6 Ghana District Names, Ref
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Figure 7.4 Percentage of district p
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Figure 7.6 Percentage of female-hea
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Figure 7.8 Percentage of the Distri
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Figure 7.10 Percentage of District
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Figure 7.12 Percentage of District
Page 155 and 156: Figure 7.14 Percentage of total Dis
Page 157 and 158: people residing in thesee regions a
Page 159 and 160: CASE STUDY: CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATI
Page 161 and 162: from friends and family to get by d
Page 163 and 164: CASE STUDY: CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATI
Page 165 and 166: At Mole National Park, managers exp
Page 167 and 168: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE N
Page 169 and 170: (interview). An opportunity exists
Page 171 and 172: Upper West Region, 69.8 percent of
Page 173 and 174: Brong-Ahafo Region that entails ref
Page 175 and 176: Ghana Limited, 2009). Given the con
Page 177 and 178: positive impacts, and has upset com
Page 179 and 180: Basin (total area 416,382km 2 ) lie
Page 181 and 182: effect. In the drier scenario, the
Page 183 and 184: Communities are, rightly or wrongly
Page 185 and 186: carbon sequestration and maintenanc
Page 187 and 188: Information and analysis needs for
Page 189 and 190: Table 11.1 Options for intervention
Page 191 and 192: Barriers toAdaptation andMitigation
Page 197 and 198: Amanor, K.S. 2001. Share contracts
Page 199 and 200: Braimoh, A. and P. Vlek (2006). "So
Page 201 and 202: Energy Commission. 2005. Strategic
Page 203 and 204: Gyau-Boakye P., and Tumbulto J.W. 2
Page 205: Koranteng, K.A. 1995. The Ghanaian
Page 209 and 210: Rubin, J.A.; Gordon, C.; Amatekpor,
Page 211 and 212: Wagner, M.R. and Cobbinah, J.R., 19
Page 213 and 214: Date Organization Interviewee Posit
Page 219 and 220: APPENDIX 2. TEAM MEMBERSName Role B
Page 221 and 222: DP - contact person Activity Object
Page 229 and 230: OrganizationNameInstitutional objec
Page 241 and 242: APPENDIX 5. SCENARIOS OF TEMPERATUR
Page 243 and 244: e. RAIN FOREST ZONEBaseline Mean Te
Page 245 and 246: Aug 191.5 16 12.0 -0.1 -0.5 -1.0 19
Page 247 and 248: Feb 25.6 3 9.4 -9.1 -29.7 -58.9 23.
Page 249 and 250: c. TRANSITIONAL ZONEBaseline Mean T
Page 251 and 252: APPENDIX 8. SCENARIOS OF CHANGES IN
Page 253 and 254: d. DECIDUOUS FOREST ZONEBaseline Me
Page 255 and 256: APPENDIX 9. SCENARIOS OF MEAN SEA S
Page 258:
U.S. Agency for International Devel
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