ghana climate change vulnerability and adaptation assessment

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APPENDIX 7. SCENARIOS OF TEMPERATURE CHANGES (UPPERBOUND VALUES) FOR THE VARIOUS ECO-CLIMATIC ZONES OFTHE COUNTRYa. SUDAN SAVANNAHBaseline Mean Temp. Mean Temp. Change Mean Temp. ScenariosMonth T-Max. T-Min. T-Mean 2020 2050 2080 2020 2050 2080Jan 35.2 19.5 27.3 0.8 2.6 5.4 28.1 29.9 32.7Feb 37.6 22.0 29.8 0.8 2.9 5.7 30.6 32.7 35.5Mar 38.9 25.0 32.0 0.9 3.0 5.9 32.9 35.0 37.9Apr 38.2 26.1 32.1 1.0 3.7 7.8 33.1 35.8 39.9May 36.0 25.1 30.5 1.0 2.9 7.2 31.5 33.4 37.7Jun 33.0 23.3 28.2 0.8 2.2 5.6 29.0 30.4 33.8Jul 31.2 22.6 26.9 0.7 2.1 4.8 27.6 29.0 31.7Aug 30.4 22.3 26.3 0.7 2.1 4.7 27.0 28.4 31.0Sep 31.2 22.1 26.6 0.7 2.2 5.0 27.3 28.8 31.6Oct 34.2 22.2 28.2 0.8 2.2 5.6 29.0 30.4 33.8Nov 36.2 20.1 28.1 0.9 2.6 5.8 29.0 30.7 33.9Dec 35.1 19.0 27.0 0.8 2.5 5.6 27.8 29.5 32.6Ann. 34.8 22.4 28.6 0.8 2.6 5.8 29.4 31.2 34.4b. GUINEA SAVANNAHBaseline Mean Temp. Mean Temp. Change Mean Temp. ScenariosMonth T-Max. T-Min. T-Mean 2020 2050 2080 2020 2050 2080Jan 35.0 18.9 26.9 0.8 2.5 5.6 27.7 29.4 32.5Feb 36.9 22.0 29.4 0.9 2.9 5.9 30.3 32.3 35.3Mar 37.0 24.1 30.6 0.9 2.8 5.9 31.5 33.4 36.5Apr 35.3 24.4 29.9 1.0 3.1 6.4 30.9 33.0 36.3May 33.5 23.5 28.5 1.0 2.9 6.0 29.5 31.4 34.5Jun 31.1 22.3 26.7 0.8 2.4 5.1 27.5 29.1 31.8Jul 29.7 21.8 25.7 0.7 2.2 4.8 26.4 27.9 30.5Aug 29.4 21.7 25.5 0.7 2.1 4.7 26.2 27.6 30.2Sep 30.2 21.5 25.8 0.7 2.0 4.4 26.5 27.8 30.2Oct 32.5 21.7 27.1 0.7 1.9 4.6 27.8 29.0 31.7Nov 34.5 20.2 27.3 0.8 2.4 5.5 28.1 29.7 32.8Dec 34.4 18.4 26.4 0.9 2.4 5.6 27.3 28.8 32.0Ann. 33.3 21.7 27.5 0.8 2.5 5.4 28.3 30.0 32.9236 GHANA CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION ASSESSMENT
c. TRANSITIONAL ZONEBaseline Mean Temp. Mean Temp. Change Mean Temp. ScenariosMonth T-Max. T-Min. T-Mean 2020 2050 2080 2020 2050 2080Jan 33.4 20.4 26.9 0.8 2.5 5.6 27.7 29.4 32.5Feb 35.2 22.8 29.0 0.9 2.9 5.9 29.9 31.9 34.9Mar 34.9 23.8 29.3 0.9 2.8 5.9 30.2 32.1 35.2Apr 33.5 23.8 28.6 1.0 3.1 6.4 29.6 31.7 35.0May 32.2 23.2 27.7 1.0 2.9 6.0 28.7 30.6 33.7Jun 30.3 22.4 26.3 0.8 2.4 5.1 27.1 28.7 31.4Jul 28.8 21.9 25.4 0.7 2.2 4.8 26.1 27.6 30.2Aug 28.8 21.8 25.3 0.7 2.1 4.7 26.0 27.4 30.0Sep 29.5 21.8 25.7 0.7 2.0 4.4 26.4 27.7 30.1Oct 30.6 21.9 26.3 0.7 1.9 4.6 27.0 28.2 30.9Nov 32.0 21.8 26.9 0.8 2.4 5.5 27.7 29.3 32.4Dec 32.0 20.4 26.2 0.9 2.4 5.6 27.1 28.6 31.8Ann. 31.8 22.2 27.0 0.8 2.5 5.4 27.8 29.4 32.3d. DECIDUOUS FOREST ZONEBaseline Mean Temp. Mean Temp. Change Mean Temp. ScenariosMonth T-Max. T-Min. T-Mean 2020 2050 2080 2020 2050 2080Jan 32.2 20.7 26.5 0.8 2.5 5.6 27.3 29.0 32.1Feb 33.6 22.3 27.9 0.9 2.9 5.9 28.8 30.8 33.8Mar 33.1 22.7 27.9 0.9 2.8 5.9 28.8 30.7 33.8Apr 32.4 22.8 27.6 1.0 3.1 6.4 28.6 30.7 34.0May 31.5 22.4 27.0 1.0 2.9 6.0 28.0 29.9 33.0Jun 29.7 21.9 25.8 0.8 2.4 5.1 26.6 28.2 30.9Jul 28.4 21.5 24.9 0.7 2.2 4.8 25.6 27.1 29.7Aug 28.2 21.3 24.8 0.7 2.1 4.7 25.5 26.9 29.5Sep 29.1 21.5 25.3 0.7 2.0 4.4 26.0 27.3 29.7Oct 30.3 21.6 26.0 0.7 1.9 4.6 26.7 27.9 30.6Nov 31.3 21.8 26.6 0.8 2.4 5.5 27.4 29.0 32.1Dec 31.0 21.2 26.1 0.9 2.4 5.6 27.0 28.5 31.7Ann. 30.9 21.8 26.4 0.8 2.5 5.4 27.2 28.8 31.7e. RAIN FOREST ZONEBaseline Mean Temp. Mean Temp. Change Mean Temp. ScenariosMonth T-Max. T-Min. T-Mean 2020 2050 2080 2020 2050 2080Jan 30.0 23.4 26.7 0.8 2.5 5.6 27.5 29.2 32.3Feb 30.6 24.4 27.5 0.9 2.9 5.9 28.4 30.4 33.4Mar 30.9 24.3 27.6 0.9 2.8 5.9 28.5 30.4 33.5GHANA CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION ASSESSMENT 237
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GHANA CLIMATE CHANGEVULNERABILITY A
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GHANACLIMATE CHANGEVULNERABILITY AN
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ACRONYMSCAADPCBOCCCDCSCEACEPFCFMCIC
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NGONCRCNREGNRMNTFPPAPAMSCPPGRCRAMSA
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARYCountries in Afric
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precipitation changes is not very d
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AGRICULTURE AND LIVELIHOODSAgricult
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would include concentrating access
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of transparency pervade the current
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alternate energy sources (i.e., fos
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affecting carbon sequestration. Adv
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Information and analysis needs for
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1. INTRODUCTIONThe West African cou
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ABFigure 2.1 Two approaches to vuln
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Mean Annual Temperature (C)2928.528
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The UNDP-NSCP country-level climate
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For most eco-climatic zones, five-y
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increases generally were projected
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Table 3.2 Potential change in tempe
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parameter (temperature and precipit
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emission scenarios gives a decrease
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of finance and economic planning, f
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indigenous people and more recently
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Phase 1 REDD ReadinessConsultations
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SC. A New National Plantation Devel
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to be developed that provide rigoro
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LandownerTable 4.1 Land Ownership i
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ProblemTable 4.2 Problems Associate
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TENURE CONSIDERATIONS IN LIGHT OF C
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the south of the Ashanti Uplands re
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Figure 5.1 Ecological Zones of Ghan
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North latitude. Minia (2008) deline
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Table 5.1 Percentage of producer ho
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over a longer period. With the risk
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LAND SUITABILITYThe CSIR-Soil Resea
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Table 5.3 Crop Suitability by Soil
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MAJOR CROPSMAIZEMaize is the most i
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Source: Chamberlin, 2007, Figure 13
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Total area(ha)MangroveswampTable 5.
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Source: Chamberlin, 2007Figure 5.6
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Farmers who depend on annual rains
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Adjusting timing ofirrigationPricin
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Transportation networkChanging Crop
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Lower world food pricesAttitudes to
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POPULATION AND ECONOMYGhana contain
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Ghana is comprised of crop and live
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URBAN VERSES RURAL LIVELIHOODS 3Liv
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income; non-farm related enterprise
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6. VULNERABILITY TOCLIMATE CHANGETh
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DESERTIFICATION“Desertification
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In the National Action Plan to Comb
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significantly recovered by the late
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Source: Reich etal., 2001Figure 6.2
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Source: US Geological Survey, (http
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Two other proximate causes of defor
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extreme, fire is essential in fire-
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gill nets constructed from traditio
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upwelling strength) involved in reg
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completely dominate trawl catches b
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have increased substantially due to
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CategoryFishing effort andtechnolog
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(Binet, 1995). Even if the declinin
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METHODSAs described above, to asses
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Indicator DescriptionDistance fromd
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Indicator DescriptionUnimproveddrin
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lowest vulnerability of any distric
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Table 7.2 Social Vulnerability Inde
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Table 7.5 Incidence of poverty (per
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Table 7.6 Ghana District Names, Ref
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Figure 7.4 Percentage of district p
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Figure 7.6 Percentage of female-hea
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Figure 7.8 Percentage of the Distri
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Figure 7.10 Percentage of District
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Figure 7.12 Percentage of District
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Figure 7.14 Percentage of total Dis
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people residing in thesee regions a
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CASE STUDY: CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATI
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from friends and family to get by d
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CASE STUDY: CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATI
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At Mole National Park, managers exp
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ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE N
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(interview). An opportunity exists
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Upper West Region, 69.8 percent of
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Brong-Ahafo Region that entails ref
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Ghana Limited, 2009). Given the con
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positive impacts, and has upset com
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Basin (total area 416,382km 2 ) lie
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effect. In the drier scenario, the
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Communities are, rightly or wrongly
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carbon sequestration and maintenanc
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Information and analysis needs for
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Table 11.1 Options for intervention
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Barriers toAdaptation andMitigation
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Page 197 and 198: Amanor, K.S. 2001. Share contracts
Page 199 and 200: Braimoh, A. and P. Vlek (2006). "So
Page 201 and 202: Energy Commission. 2005. Strategic
Page 203 and 204: Gyau-Boakye P., and Tumbulto J.W. 2
Page 205 and 206: Koranteng, K.A. 1995. The Ghanaian
Page 207 and 208: MSE (Ministry of Science and Agricu
Page 209 and 210: Rubin, J.A.; Gordon, C.; Amatekpor,
Page 211 and 212: Wagner, M.R. and Cobbinah, J.R., 19
Page 213 and 214: Date Organization Interviewee Posit
Page 219 and 220: APPENDIX 2. TEAM MEMBERSName Role B
Page 221 and 222: DP - contact person Activity Object
Page 229 and 230: OrganizationNameInstitutional objec
Page 241 and 242: APPENDIX 5. SCENARIOS OF TEMPERATUR
Page 243 and 244: e. RAIN FOREST ZONEBaseline Mean Te
Page 245 and 246: Aug 191.5 16 12.0 -0.1 -0.5 -1.0 19
Page 247: Feb 25.6 3 9.4 -9.1 -29.7 -58.9 23.
Page 251 and 252: APPENDIX 8. SCENARIOS OF CHANGES IN
Page 253 and 254: d. DECIDUOUS FOREST ZONEBaseline Me
Page 255 and 256: APPENDIX 9. SCENARIOS OF MEAN SEA S
Page 258: U.S. Agency for International Devel
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