Art and Design A comprehensive guide for creative artists - Aaltodoc

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Contents Preface • The goals of this book 2 • Target category 2 • Format 2 • Use 3 • Comments and suggestions 3 • Lecturers’ supplement 3 Contents Acknowledgement CHAPTER ONE Art and design 10 • Importance of art and design 10 • African art 11 • Aesthetics 12 • Fashion and art 14 • Rituals and worship 16 • Architecture 18 • Elements of African aesthetics 18 CHAPTER TWO Elements and principles of design 20 • Form 22 • Shape 22 • Line 24 • Dots 25 • Mass, Volume and Space 27 • Texture 28 • Value 29 • Colour 29 • Systems of colour 31 Principles of design 34 • Contrast 36 • Emphasis 38 • Perspective 39 • Balance 36 • Rhythm and movement 37 • Proportion 39 • Harmony 40 • Unity 41 Exercise 42 CHAPTER THREE Drawing 43 • Drawing nature and still life 47 • Landscapes 49 • Drawing from imagination 50 • Human figure drawing 52 • Croquis 54 • How to pose a model 56 • How to draw animals 57 • How to draw objective study 59 Exercise 60 CHAPTER FOUR Painting 62 • Uses of painting 63 • Painting tools 64 • Surfaces for painting 65 • Liquids for painting 66 • Painting and application of materials 67 • Painting techniques 70 • Advantages of using acrylic paints 74 • Advantages of using oil paints 75 Exercise 76 CHAPTER FIVE Graphic design 77 • Uses of graphic design 79 • Information graphics 80 • How to plan a design process 80 • Features of a graphic design 82 • Typography 82 • How to use typography on a visual design 83 • Calligraphy 86 • How to construct block letters 87 • How shapes influence letter construction 89 • Lowercase 90 • Layouts 90 • Types of layouts 92 • How elements and principles of design can be used on layout designs 92 • Illustration 94 • Types of illustrations 96 • How to make an illustration 97 • How to explain a visual/identification symbol 98 • How to design a card 104 • How to design a poster 105 • How to design a badge 107 • How to design a book cover 108 • How to make a repeat pattern 110 • How to compose a wrapper 111 • Computer aided printing 112 • Methods of printing 113 • Commercial printing 115 • Advertisement 117 • Useful ways of advertising 117 Exercise 119 CHAPTER SIX Collage 120 • Uses of collage 122 • Characteristics of collage art 123 • How to make a simple collage 124 Exercise 126 CHAPTER SEVEN Mosaic 127 • Materials and tools 128 • Characteristics of mosaics 128 • How to produce a simple mosaic 131 Exercise 132 CHAPTER EIGHT Ornaments 133 • Uses of ornaments 135 • Materials and tools for making ornaments 136 • Sources of inspiration for designing jewellery artworks 140 • Techniques of decorating jewellery 142 • Finishing jewellery 143 • How to make a simple necklace 144 Exercise 145 CHAPTER NINE Weaving 146 • Uses of weaving 148 • Functional handiwork of weaving 149 • Weaving tools 153 • Weaving equipment 155 • Methods of weaving 157 • The non-woven interlacing techniques of weaving 159 • How to produce a simple weave using a cardboard box 160 • How to make a paper weave 161 Exercise 162 CHAPTER TEN Fabric decoration 163 • Uses of decorated fabrics 164 • Types of clothing materials 165 • Fiber and fabric 165 • Characteristic of fabrics 165 • Materials and tools used for fabric decoration 167 • Inks 168 • Surfaces 168 • Methods of printing on fabric surfaces 169 • Photo emulsion 171 • Type of printing meshes 171 • Approaches of decorating fabrics 172 • Environment as a source of inspiration for decorating fabrics 174 • Repeat patterns 175 • Types of repeat patterns 176 4 5
• Decorating fabrics with more than two colours 177 • How to make a simple batik 179 Exercise 181 CHAPTER ELEVEN Sculpture 182 • Elements and principles of sculptural design 183 • Methods of sculpture 184 • Types of sculpture 185 • Tools, materials and equipment for sculpture 187 • Sculpture techniques 190 • Preparing clay for making a sculpture 192 • Maquette 194 • An armature 194 • Sculpture from wood 195 • Stone sculpture 196 • Casting clay 198 • Types of moulds 198 • Kilns 200 • Welding sculpture 201 • Finishing a sculpture 202 Exercise 203 CHAPTER TWELVE Pottery 204 • Properties of clay 205 • Materials and tools used in pottery making 206 • Clay classifications 208 • Mining clay 209 • Advantages 210 • Preparing clay for pottery 210 • Techniques of hand building 213 • Techniques of decorating greenware 215 • Throwing clay on a wheel 217 Exercise 219 CHAPTER THIRTEEN Photography 220 • Uses of photography 221 • Photography motifs 222 • Elements and principles of design in photography 223 • Categories of photographs 225 • A pinhole camera (obscura) 226 • How to make a simple pinhole camera 227 • Film and digital 228 • Benefits of using a digital camera 228 • Benefits of using a film camera 229 Exercise 230 CHAPTER FOURTEEN A candidate in the examination room 232 • Tasks for revision 234 • Category one 235 • Category two 236 • Category three 237 • Category four • How to make art and design 237 assessments 238 • A marking guide 240 • Index 241 • Books 243 6 7
Page 1 and 2: and Design Art and deign Art and de
Page 3: Preface The goals of this book 1. T
Page 7 and 8: CHAPTER ONE Art and design Art and
Page 9 and 10: Several examples of geometric patte
Page 11 and 12: Architecture A basic example of the
Page 13 and 14: Elements of design A closer look at
Page 15 and 16: Inset: halftone dots obtained from
Page 17 and 18: Jung (2004, 139) remarks, “Of cou
Page 19 and 20: Principles of design Principles of
Page 21 and 22: Play. A painting with proposing act
Page 23 and 24: Exercise 1. By associating each ele
Page 25 and 26: d) Charcoal is good and it is an ab
Page 27 and 28: A lakeside Background landscape sho
Page 29 and 30: Vebell et al. (2005, 202) prefer a
Page 31 and 32: A study of a cow. In the profile vi
Page 33 and 34: Scanty waters. Acrylic painting Siz
Page 35 and 36: Liquids for painting The types of l
Page 37 and 38: Although it is sometimes necessary
Page 39 and 40: Trowell (1951, 27) shares a rationa
Page 41 and 42: Well as computers have dominated a
Page 43 and 44: Phillips (2004, 9) reminds us that
Page 45 and 46: m) In conclusion, on any outstandin
Page 47 and 48: Lowercase The lowercase alphabets a
Page 49 and 50: Proportion It can be used to work o
Page 51 and 52: Illustrations can be done as painti
Page 53 and 54: Logo Trade Marks Label Notice sign
Page 55 and 56:
Michaels (2010) points out some “
Page 57 and 58:
The ultimate goal of designing a bo
Page 59 and 60:
A raised surface b) Intaglio printi
Page 61 and 62:
d. Outdoor signs are the major visu
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A collage artwork Materials: Dry le
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Apart from that, excess glue can be
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A small section of a floor surface,
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A pendant of a necklace Materials:
Page 71 and 72:
f. Needle/long nose pliers uses it'
Page 73 and 74:
The aggressive conduct of these war
Page 75 and 76:
CHAPTER NINE Weaving Weaving is the
Page 77 and 78:
Here we see that through trials and
Page 79 and 80:
. Yarn is for fabrics as straw and
Page 81 and 82:
Tod (1977, 172) laments, “Cloth m
Page 83 and 84:
Exercise 1. By using found material
Page 85 and 86:
To simplify the discussion, let us
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Here is an itemised set of methods
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B A A: An already made tie-die fabr
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Start by preparing a separate scree
Page 93 and 94:
CHAPTER ELEVEN They made “clay re
Page 95 and 96:
Examples of inverse relief can be f
Page 97 and 98:
Sometimes plaster of Paris is used
Page 99 and 100:
Maquette A maquette is a translatio
Page 101 and 102:
Rich(1998, 250) offers a reasonable
Page 103 and 104:
“Welding equipment is largely use
Page 105 and 106:
. Porosity of clay is determined by
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• A pottery artist needs enough e
Page 109 and 110:
owl, a cup. In size and shape it wi
Page 111 and 112:
Along with the left hand and add so
Page 113 and 114:
• Photography can be used to depi
Page 115 and 116:
Explanatory photographs Descriptive
Page 117 and 118:
Here is how: • Film cameras were
Page 119 and 120:
Crafts other than those detailed ab
Page 121 and 122:
2. In an area of 25cm by 30cm, desi
Page 123 and 124:
Q quill feather 68 R raffia 148 red
Page 125 and 126:
Mills, John W (1990). The encyclopa
Page 127 and 128:
250 251
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Art and Design A comprehensive guide for creative artists - Aaltodoc

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