Art and Design A comprehensive guide for creative artists - Aaltodoc

A raised surface
b) Intaglio printing uses an incised or etched surface. The
actions and process of printing involves pulling ink out
of the narrow (cut) engraved holes. According to Board
(2002, 342) “... images are engraved or etched below the
surface. Ink is filled up in the recessed portions. The top
surface is wiped clean. Ink from the recessed portions
is transferred on paper.” Here we see that the surface
of a plate is wiped clean leaving ink in the sunken area.
During intaglio printing, images are transferred to
another surface with heavy pressure machines. It can
be considered as a direct opposite of relief printing.
c) Planographic printing uses a chemical process as a
mechanism for producing prints on a flat surface in
dislikes of water and oil—repels to resist each other.
Board (2002, 383) explains that “... planography conveys
the meaning that the printing areas lay in the same
plane ... It uses similar principles just as “1. Lithography
principle, 2. Offset principal.” Hence the images are
printed from a flat surface on same level surfaces as the
areas without images.
d) Stencil printing is also known as serigraphy or
silkscreen printing. Jenkins (2010, 280) argues, “In the
world of visual art, this technique is called pochoir”
(in French pochoir means "stencil”). A stencil material
necessary for making prints can easily be obtained
from a strong piece of paper or any other thin material
fit to be glued, stretched straight on a flat surface. By
using a squeegee, ink is pressed to pass through the
open holes of a stencil (negative parts) against blocked
(positive) areas to form a design.
An incised or
engraved design
greasy inked
image
Relief printing Planographic printing Intaglio printing
Commercial printing
As stated by Galbreath (2008, 116-125), “budget, quality and
content influence a designers personal skill set, access to
materials and equipment and how much to invest.” All these
and more are for the most part essential during commercial
printing.
Let us use a supplemental review from Galbreath's (2008,
118) Types of printing to discuss some possible ways of
achieving commercial printing by using a table checklist
here below:
Photocopy
Ink jet/colour
laser
Offset
lithography
Screen print/
serigraph or silk
screen printing
Digital/Print On
Demand (POD)
Letterpress
This is one of the fastest and cheapest
way of duplicating text and images on the
surface of a paper.
It is not cost effective for larger editions but
it can provide full colour images by hit of a
print button.
It is standard for commercial printing, it is
also ideal for large quantity prints. Here,
printing-plates are required for transferring
each colour during printing.
It can be used to print very thin texts and
details on surfaces like paper, fabrics, glass,
metal and plastics. This method of printing
is too physical. Apart from that, it cannot be
used to print books.
During printing, digital files are interpreted
electronically—quickly with minimal
prep time. This method of printing makes
short-run jobs less expensive than offset
printing.
It is excellent for printing fine details and
small texts. Also, It works with wood and
metal type. Even when files are digital, they
can be easily converted into a film and
burned onto polymer plates to be printed.
We can also find more about printing from Jenkins’ (1980,
147-150) Art for the fun of it: to learn more about basic
printing actions necessary for creative print making “... from
simple to the complex.”
By cutting designs on the surface of a wood
or sticks; ink can be smeared on them to
Sticks or wood make prints by rolling, twisting, sliding and
then, by ways of stamping, a print can be
made on a provide surface.
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