Eyes closer together than those of female but patternessentially the same. Color mostly whitish but onemale with carapace pale yellow. Chelicerae: retromarginof fang with 5 teeth. Leg lengths: first femur0.85 rom, fourth femur 0.95 rom; first patella-tibia1.2 rom, fourth patella-tibia 1.4 mm.Male palpus (Figs. 47-48): tegulum with onevisible tubule and adjacent one on subtegulum; conductorwith twisted base and long coil running nearend of tegulum; tarsal process with thin fold third itswidth.Type-data.-Female holotype and 4 males fromSinton, San Patricio County, Texas, 20 November1959 (H. E. Laughlin) (AMNH).CicurilUl delrio, new speciesCharts 1,2, Figs. 21-22Diagnosis.-Eight or six-eyed cavernicole of ValVerde County, Texas; eyes evanescent with widelyseparated anterior median eye spots present or absent(Chart 1); index coil of epigynum tight procurvedhook across small spermathecal sac. Maleunknown.Etymology.-Specific name <strong>for</strong> Del Rio, Texas,used in apposition.Description.-Female holotype: Length 4 rom.Carapace 1.9 mm long, 1.25 mm wide. Abdomen2.1 mm long, 1.5 mm wide. Clypeal margin wide,about two diameters of anterior lateral eye. Anterioreye row straight with tiny medians 1.5 rom apart,about same distance from anterior lateral eyes. Posterioreye row slightly recurved; small median eyesabout three diameters apart, two diameters from anteriorlateral eyes. Chelicerae: retromargin of fangwith 6 teeth. Leg lengths: first and fourth femora1.6 mm. Leg spines: first tibia 2-2-0, fourth tibia2-2-2.Epigynum (Figs. 21-22): round spermathecumwidely joined to smaller rounded sac; thick connectingcanal <strong>for</strong>ming widely separated loop aroundspermathecal parts.Type-data.-Female holotype from Sunset <strong>Cave</strong>,12 miles NW Del Rio, Val Verde County, Texas,on Ellison Brite Ranch, 14 December 1962 (J. Reddell,W. Russell), on wall 50 feet from cave entrance(AMNH).Distribution.-TEXAS: Val Verde County:Diablo <strong>Cave</strong>, Calyx Hole entrance, 12 August 1963(J. Reddell, D. McKenzie), 1 female, 1 penultimatemale from under rotting shirt. Unnamed cave (No.8), half mile from Ladder <strong>Cave</strong>, 12 August 1963 (J.Reddell, D. McKenzie), 6 immature and 3 penultimatemales, mostly from under rocks.CicurilUljoya, new speciesChart 1, Figs. 13-14Diagnosis.-Six-eyed cavernicole of Heidrich's<strong>Cave</strong>, Comal County, Texas; anterior lateral eyesseparated by nearly two diameters; index coil ofepigynum thin tube crossing between spermathecalelements. Male unknown.Etymology.-Specific name from Spanish joya,jewel, used in apposition.Description.-Female holotype: Length 1.7 mm.Carapace 0.7 mm long, 0.53 mm wide. Clypealmargin equal in height to diameter of anterior lateraleye; posterior eye row slightly procurved; posteriormedian eyes separated by diameter, about two-thirdsdiameter from posterior lateral eyes. Chelicerae:retromargin of fang with 5 teeth. Leg lengths: firstfemur 0.5 rom, fourth femur 0.52 mm; firstpatella-tibia 0.62 mm, fourth patella-tibia 0.7 mm.Leg spines: first tibia 2-2-0; fourth tibia 1-1-1.Epigynum (Figs. 13-14): spermathecum round,broadly joined to small round sac; connecting canalsclosely encircling spermathecal parts.49 50Figs. 49-52.-Ventral and retrolateral views of male palpi of Cicurina (Cicurella): 49-50, hexops Chamberlin and Ivie; 51-52,microps, new species.96
Type-data.-Female holotype from inside entranceof Heidrich's <strong>Cave</strong>, northwest of New Braunfels,Comal County, Texas, 19 March 1960 (yV. J.Gertsch, Wilton Ivie) (AMNH).Cicurina riogrande Gertsch and MulaikFigs. 3-4Cicurina riogrande Gertsch and Mulaik, in Chamberlinand Ivie, 1940, p. 76, pI. VIII, figs.57-58.Diagnosis.-Eight-eyed epigean species from RioGrande City, Starr County, Texas; small anteriormedian eyes half as large as anterior laterals; indexcoil of epigynum thin procurved loop. Male unknown.Etymology.-Specific name <strong>for</strong> Rio GrandeCity, Texas.Description.-Female holotype: Length 2.8 mIDlong. Carapace 1.55 mID long, 0.9 mID wide. Abdomen1.25 mID long, 1 mID wide. Clypeus narrow,about half diameter of anterior lateral eye. Eye rowsslightly procurved; posterior median eyes about twodiameters apart, about diameter from side eyes.Chelicerae: retromargin of fang with 5 teeth. Leglengths: first patella-tibia 1.1 mID, fourthpatella-tibia 1.15 mID.Epigynum (Figs. 3-4): round spermathecum narrowlyjoined to smaller suboval sac; index coil thinprocurved canal around spermathecal sac; connectingcanals rather closely circling spermathecum.Type-data.-Female holotype from 5 miles eastof Rio Grande City, Starr County, Texas, 12 January1939 (S. Mulaik) (AMNH).Cicurina microps Chamberlin and IvieChart 1, Fig. 16,51-52Cicurina microps Chamberlin and Ivie, 1940:77, pI.VIII, figs. 61-62, pI. XII, fig. 91.Diagnosis.-Six-eyed epigean species fromRaven Ranch, Kerr County, Texas; eyes (Chart 1)small, evanescent, pearly white spots in two separatedtriads; slender conductor of male palpus withvery long coil reaching end of cymbium (Figs.51-52). Assigned female from Brady, Texas, unavailable,known from Ivie illustrations (see Fig.16).Etymology.-Specific name from Greek microps,small eyes.Description.-Male holotype: Length 3.2 mID.Carapace 1.5 mID long, I mID wide. Abdomen 1.7mID long, 1 mID wide. Clypeus about diameter ofanterior lateral eye. Anterior lateral eyes 3 diametersapart, about radius from other eyes. Posterior eyerow moderately procurved; median eyes about twodiameters apart, about diameter from side eyes. Leglengths: first patella- tibia 1.1 mID, fourthpatella-tibia 1.4 mID.Male palpus: tegulum with two incomplete tubulesand one visible one on subtegulum; tarsalprocess with fold about third its width and adjacentspur of median size (Figs. 51-52).Female allotype: Length 2.8 mm. Carapace 1. 19mID long, 0.7 mID wide. Eyes and other characterspresumed to be similar to those of male.Type-data.-Male holotype from Raven Ranch,south of Kerrville, Kerr County, Texas, 16 December1939 (D. and S. Mulaik) (AMNH).Distribution.-As above <strong>for</strong> male only, and presumedfemale allotype: South of Brady, McCullochCounty, Texas, 12 December 1939 (D. and S. Mulaik)(AMNH).LIST AND DISCUSSION OF THEEYELESS TAXAThe subgenera Cicurata and Cicurella of Chamberlinand Ivie featured spiders of relatively smallsize with progressive loss of eyes nurtured in specialepigean and cavernicole habitats. The taxa studiedmainly by Ivie included his first completely eyelessspecies, which he named buwata and assigned to thestem genus Cicurina with special knowledge of themeaning of that genus. Inasmuch as buwata is anunknown taxon with unknown type locality comingfrom an area where numerous species are known tooccur, and not one can be singled out even as aplausible type species, the name buwata must bedropped as a nomina inquirienda of unknown status,and with it goes the unusable subgeneric name Cicurata.The subgenus Cicurella, with its well knowntype species, Cicurina microps Chamberlin and Ivie,has largely been used in a general but never in a genericsense by Ivie or following students. For thesake of editorial completeness the name buwata islisted at the end of the valid taxa of the genus.A list of the eyeless taxa follows: descriptions ofthe 50 valid species are given with in<strong>for</strong>mation onstate and county localities of the United States andknown data on the <strong>Mexican</strong> records. In this paperthe generic name Cicurina covers all the taxa.Descriptions of the 50 eyeless taxa follows:TEXAS: Williamson County: browni, vibora,elliotti. new species, and buwata Chamberlin andIvie. Coryell County: coryelli, new species. Hays97
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PREFACEThe present volume is the se
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TABLE OF CONTENTSHOLSINGER, JOHN R.
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the state of Coahuila in northern M
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Fig. 2.-Anesia welboumi, new specie
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\\. \ - -' ..........---~\ I// --..
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Mexiweckelia hardeni, new speciesFi
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2 sets of 1 or 2 setae each; dactyl
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AFig. 7.-Holsingerius smaragdinus,
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have as many setae on the inner pla
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Antenna 1 about 33 % length of body
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Of biogeographic interest for the h
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Bowman, T .E. 1992. Two subterranea
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A note by Scott Harden that accompa
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~~..~ ~~ I))\\ "-,'.=bFig. 3.-Speoc
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unarmed, except in pleopod 2, which
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Cokendolpher, LC., and l.R. Reddell
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lobes. The larger setae vary greatl
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the relationships of the order and
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zomids their absence is considered
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some species could be either split,
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have small pores over the surface o
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inhabits tropical deciduous forest
- Page 55 and 56: huitvnolotitlensis from A. stygius
- Page 57 and 58: 8-10, figs. 5-7; Rowland, 1973c:136
- Page 59 and 60: (in row) and one pair large posteri
- Page 61 and 62: (0.34); tarsus 0.64 (0.58); total 4
- Page 63 and 64: Abdomen: Tergite I with two pairs a
- Page 65 and 66: setae near posterior margin. stemit
- Page 67: setae, and ten ventral setae. Stemi
- Page 71 and 72: 1,980 m elev., 26 Dec. 1986 (T. Tre
- Page 73 and 74: asitarsal-tarsal proportions: 15:4:
- Page 75 and 76: and one pair setae at base of proce
- Page 77 and 78: Cephalothorax: Propeltidium 1.66 mm
- Page 79 and 80: Male adult unknown.Immature paratyp
- Page 81 and 82: IV: trochanter 1.20 (1.10); femur 3
- Page 83 and 84: Cokendolpher, 1.C. 1981. The order
- Page 85 and 86: Gertsch, W.J. 1992. Distribution pa
- Page 87 and 88: same families and genera, but also
- Page 89 and 90: species from the United States and
- Page 91 and 92: the posterior median pair short and
- Page 93 and 94: great many species of North America
- Page 95 and 96: Key to the Eyed Females1. Eight eye
- Page 97 and 98: 39111012Figs. 1-12.-Ventral and dor
- Page 99 and 100: 1419 23Figs. 13-24.-Ventral and dor
- Page 101 and 102: 27 293334Figs. 25-36.-Ventral and d
- Page 103 and 104: Figs. 37-48.-Ventral and retrolater
- Page 105: Cicurina blanco, new speciesFigs. 7
- Page 109 and 110: Description.-Female holotype: Lengt
- Page 111 and 112: Description.-Female holotype: Lengt
- Page 113 and 114: lengths: first femur 2 rom, fourth
- Page 115 and 116: Cicurina pablo, new speciesFigs. 10
- Page 117 and 118: Description.-Female holotype: Lengt
- Page 119 and 120: canal in nearly vertical posItion;
- Page 121 and 122: Cicurina vespera, new speciesFigs.
- Page 123 and 124: procurved canal across sac; connect
- Page 125 and 126: Cicurina caverna, new speciesFigs.
- Page 127 and 128: with sac of similar size set in obl
- Page 129 and 130: February 1964 (J. Reddell, D. McKen
- Page 131 and 132: County: Diamond Cave, 16 August 196
- Page 133 and 134: Roth, V.D. 1992. A new and first tr
- Page 135 and 136: LITERATURE CITEDBarr, T.C. 1963. Ec
- Page 137 and 138: Muchmore, W.B. 1992. Cavernicolous
- Page 139 and 140: Species of Aphrastochthonius are kn
- Page 141 and 142: FAMILY NEOBISIIDAE CHAMBERLINGenus
- Page 143 and 144: trochanter 2.5 (2.6), femur 5.55 (5
- Page 145 and 146: ottom of entrance pit, Ogle Cave (O
- Page 147 and 148: tactile seta on tibia and basitarsu
- Page 149 and 150: Missouri may be conspecific (unpubl
- Page 151 and 152: Trichobothriotaxy of chela generall
- Page 153 and 154: Female (figures given first for all
- Page 155 and 156: transverse furrows; eyespots not ev
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Reddell and W. Russell); I female f
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and Acuminochernes, along with the
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Chamberlin, J.C. 1946. The genera a
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(0.36); chela (without pedicel) 2.0
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although not recently studied is no
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and stylar outgrowths, present in s
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in Phalangodes (et al.) is thick an
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pairs) are found in six species: T.
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elated species IS probably best int
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legs than expected (2.6-3.2). This
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~ 3.3 are synapomorphic); all trogl
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TAXONOMYTEXELLA Goodnight and Goodn
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14. BK absent (Figs. 177, 180). SA
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Figs. 8-11.-Texella bijUrcata (Brig
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Description.-Total body length, 1.5
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male examined closely has fewer set
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Figs. 26-29.-Texella kokoweej, new
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apical region which loses the apica
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Figs. 38-41.-Texella shoshone, new
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Distribution.-Known only from the t
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Figs. 52-55.-Texella brevistyla, ne
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Texellajungi, new speciesFigs. 60-7
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Figs. 66-69.-Texellajungi, new spec
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than S; SA with laterobasal carina
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~81//J/'/ ;'?/ ~~.........--~~I, II
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cylindrical, retina and cornea abse
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Figs. 93-96.-Texella cokendolpheri,
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SA with well developed prong and re
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Figs. 105-108.-Texelia mulaiki Good
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and McCarty Caves, which are known
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Color orange. Body of medium rugosi
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Notes.-The type locality was errone
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Figs. 128-131.-Taella reyesi, new s
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Figs. 136-139.-Texella reyesi, new
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Figs. 144-147.-Texella reyesi, new
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Figs. 152-155.-Texella reyesi, new
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1989 (W. Elliott, J. Reddell, and M
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Table 3.-Continued.# locality sex S
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mesoapical; patella, 2 mesal; tibia
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Figs. 162-165.-Texella gmbbsi, new
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Figs. 166-169.-Texella diplospina,
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Figs. 174-177.-Texella renkesae, ma
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Figs. 178-18\.-Teulla spinoperca, n
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Distribution.-Known only from Fayet
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Figs. 190-193.-Texellafendi, new sp
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CLASSIFICAnONTexellabifurcata group
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Chandler, D.S. 1992. The Pselaphida
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Key to Species1. Abdominal segments
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stemite VI slightly impressed at ba
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vertexal carinae, and the laterally
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is associated with rotten woods (Ch
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small ventral carina near base, pro
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Grigarick, A.A., and R.O. Schuster.
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Cicurifla (Cicurella) holsiflgeri G