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Galapagos Islands and one with eye spots from theAzores, T. pico (Merrett and Ashmole).This third species was found in a moist limestonecave, the Southwestern Cave at Bisbee, Arizona.Troglophiles in the habitat included a pale psocid,collembolans, and mycetophilid flies. The spiderswere brought to my attention by Ralph Luetckewhose keen interest in the natural history of the areamade the find possible. His assistance in guidingour group and helping with collections is herebygratefully acknowledged. Special thanks go to Dr.Herbert Levi who confirmed the identity of thisspecies and proofed the manuscript and to Dr. ToddRiddell of the U.S. Army for the original drawings.The females key out to couplet 6 of Levi's(1964b) key but lack the lateral ducts; the maleskey to couplet 33, however their carapace setae arenot transverse but form three longitudinal rows onthe pars cephalica.DESCRIPTIONThe following description follow those of Levi(1957) to provide a comparison of species.Thymoites minero n. sp.Figs. 1-5Type-data.-Male holotype, female allotype and3 male and 7 female paratypes from Southwest Cavein Bisbee, Cochise County, Arizona, Dec. 15, 1983,Vincent and Barbara Roth, Ralph and SuzanneLuetcke, collectors.The holotype and allotype will be deposited inthe Museum of Comparative Zoology, paratypes inthe California Academy of Sciences, Texas MemorialMuseum, Museum of Natural History,Washington D. C., The American Museum ofNatural History, and the author's collection.Etymology.-The specific name "minero" isSpanish for "one who digs for metals" and is used tohonor the miners of Bisbee, Arizona who opened theunderground cavities where these spiders occur.Diagnosis.-This is the only troglobitic Thymoites,differing from the epigean species by longerlegs, femora I, 1 1/2 to 2 X as long as the carapace,and the tiny colorless (except AME) eyes. Themales have three rows of long setae on the parscephalica (Fig. 2) and the females can be recognizedby the knob-like epigynum (Fig. 3) with very shortducts on the spermatheca (Fig. 5).The epigynum is similar to that of T. missionen-sis (Levi, 1959b) but the copulatory opening issmaller, round and internally the spermatheca bearsa short blind (?) duct off the ventral wall. Themales do not seem similar to any other Thymoites.The females have relatively longer legs than themales, an unusual feature among spiders but anothercase was noted in the same genus. One pair of T.madera Gertsch and Archer (Levi, 1957) had a FICindex of 95 (male) and 115 (female).Description.-Pale yellow spiders lacking marksexcept for irregular dark pigment in the AME.Carapace high (Fig. 2), equal to length ofchelicera exposed below lower edge of c1ypeus. Thec1ypeus about 2/3 as high as width of AER. Eyesreduced in size, about 0.03 mm diameter, pale, exceptAME with scattered pigment. Viewed fromfront, AER slightly procurved to straight; viewedfrom above PER strongly procurved, PLE advancedone diameter anterior to PME; latter separatedslightly more than AME and about half that distancefrom them. Pars cephalica (Fig. 2) encircled by 15long (0.25-0.3 mm) curved setae, 4 on each side, 3on the center line, plus four on the anterior part ofthe pars thoracica. Chelicerae with large promarginaltooth, none on retromargin. Legs with fewlarge dorsal spines, two on patellae and one nearbase of tibiae.Palpus as illustrated (Fig. 1) with median apophysisextending out from edge of bulb. Palpal femurcurved, patella continuing the curve almost180 0 to parallel the femur. Tibia constricted nearbase.Total length of males 1.7-2.0 mm. Measurementsof male holotype: total length 1.8 mm; carapacelength 0.82 mm; width 0.69 mm. Leg I totallength 5.11 mm; first femur 1.64 mrn; patella-tibia1.57 mm; metatarsus 1.31 mm; tarsus 0.59 mm;second patella-tibia 1.29 mrn; third 0.90 mm; fourth1.29 mrn.Female: As in male except setae on carapacemuch shorter (0.18 -0.26 nun) and few on a medianline. Carapace not as high in front, 2/3 the lengthof the exposed part of the chelicerae, c1ypeus heightabout 315 the width of the AER.Epigynum raised posteriorly, knob-like (Figs. 3,4) with an opening at the tip. Vulva simple (Fig.5), two large bulbous spermathecae with short ducts.Total lengths of females, 2.5 mrn. Measurementsof female allotype: total length 2.5 mm; carapacelength 0.85 mm, width 0.72 mm; leg I length 5.47mm; first femur 1.62 mm; patella-tibia 1.80 mm;metatarsus 1.41 mm; tarsus 0.64 mm; secondpatella-tibia 1.41 mrn; third 1.08 mrn; fourth 1.57mrn.124
LITERATURE CITEDBarr, T.C. 1963. Ecological classification of cavernicoles.Cave Notes, 5(2):9-12.Holsinger, J.R. 1974. Systematics of the subterranean amphipodgenus Stygobromus (Gammaridae), Part I: Species ofthe Western United States. Smithsonian Contributions toZoo!., no. 160,63 pp.Levi, H.W. 1957. The spider genera Enoplognatha, Theridion,and Paidisca in America north of Mexico (Araneae,Theridiidae). Bull. American Mus. Nat. Hist., 112(1):1-124,figs. 1-421, maps 1-41.Levi, H.W. 1959a. The spider genus Styposis (Araneae,Theridiidae). Psyche, 66(1-2):13-19.Levi, H.W. 1959b. The spider genera Achaearanea, Theridionand Sphyrotinus from Mexico, Central America and the WestIndies. (Araneae, Theridiidae). Bull. Mus. Compo Zoo!.,Harvard Univ., 121(3):1-163, figs. 1-430.Levi, H.W. 1964a. The American spiders of the genera Styposisand Pholcomma (Araneae, Theridiidae). Psyche,71(1):32-39.Levi, H.W. 1964b. The spider genus Thymoites in America(Araneae: Theridiidae). Bull. Mus. Compo Zoo!., HarvardUniv., 130(7):445-471.Merrett, P., and N. P. Ashmole. 1989. A new trog10bitic---(//IfJ\\\\\\\\\I"\1IJ/I___---'--I 4III5Figs. 1-5.-Thymoites minero, new species: I, left male palpus, ventral view; 2, Male carapace; 3, lateral view ofepigynum; 4,epigynum, ventral view; 5, epigynum, dorsal view.125
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PREFACEThe present volume is the se
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TABLE OF CONTENTSHOLSINGER, JOHN R.
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the state of Coahuila in northern M
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Fig. 2.-Anesia welboumi, new specie
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\\. \ - -' ..........---~\ I// --..
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Mexiweckelia hardeni, new speciesFi
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2 sets of 1 or 2 setae each; dactyl
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AFig. 7.-Holsingerius smaragdinus,
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have as many setae on the inner pla
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Antenna 1 about 33 % length of body
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Of biogeographic interest for the h
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Bowman, T .E. 1992. Two subterranea
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A note by Scott Harden that accompa
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~~..~ ~~ I))\\ "-,'.=bFig. 3.-Speoc
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unarmed, except in pleopod 2, which
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Cokendolpher, LC., and l.R. Reddell
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lobes. The larger setae vary greatl
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the relationships of the order and
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zomids their absence is considered
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some species could be either split,
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have small pores over the surface o
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inhabits tropical deciduous forest
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huitvnolotitlensis from A. stygius
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8-10, figs. 5-7; Rowland, 1973c:136
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(in row) and one pair large posteri
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(0.34); tarsus 0.64 (0.58); total 4
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Abdomen: Tergite I with two pairs a
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setae near posterior margin. stemit
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setae, and ten ventral setae. Stemi
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1,980 m elev., 26 Dec. 1986 (T. Tre
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asitarsal-tarsal proportions: 15:4:
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and one pair setae at base of proce
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Cephalothorax: Propeltidium 1.66 mm
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Male adult unknown.Immature paratyp
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IV: trochanter 1.20 (1.10); femur 3
Page 83 and 84: Cokendolpher, 1.C. 1981. The order
Page 85 and 86: Gertsch, W.J. 1992. Distribution pa
Page 87 and 88: same families and genera, but also
Page 89 and 90: species from the United States and
Page 91 and 92: the posterior median pair short and
Page 93 and 94: great many species of North America
Page 95 and 96: Key to the Eyed Females1. Eight eye
Page 97 and 98: 39111012Figs. 1-12.-Ventral and dor
Page 99 and 100: 1419 23Figs. 13-24.-Ventral and dor
Page 101 and 102: 27 293334Figs. 25-36.-Ventral and d
Page 103 and 104: Figs. 37-48.-Ventral and retrolater
Page 105 and 106: Cicurina blanco, new speciesFigs. 7
Page 107 and 108: Type-data.-Female holotype from ins
Page 109 and 110: Description.-Female holotype: Lengt
Page 113 and 114: lengths: first femur 2 rom, fourth
Page 115 and 116: Cicurina pablo, new speciesFigs. 10
Page 119 and 120: canal in nearly vertical posItion;
Page 121 and 122: Cicurina vespera, new speciesFigs.
Page 123 and 124: procurved canal across sac; connect
Page 125 and 126: Cicurina caverna, new speciesFigs.
Page 127 and 128: with sac of similar size set in obl
Page 129 and 130: February 1964 (J. Reddell, D. McKen
Page 131 and 132: County: Diamond Cave, 16 August 196
Page 133: Roth, V.D. 1992. A new and first tr
Page 137 and 138: Muchmore, W.B. 1992. Cavernicolous
Page 139 and 140: Species of Aphrastochthonius are kn
Page 141 and 142: FAMILY NEOBISIIDAE CHAMBERLINGenus
Page 143 and 144: trochanter 2.5 (2.6), femur 5.55 (5
Page 145 and 146: ottom of entrance pit, Ogle Cave (O
Page 147 and 148: tactile seta on tibia and basitarsu
Page 149 and 150: Missouri may be conspecific (unpubl
Page 151 and 152: Trichobothriotaxy of chela generall
Page 153 and 154: Female (figures given first for all
Page 155 and 156: transverse furrows; eyespots not ev
Page 157 and 158: Reddell and W. Russell); I female f
Page 159 and 160: and Acuminochernes, along with the
Page 161 and 162: Chamberlin, J.C. 1946. The genera a
Page 163: (0.36); chela (without pedicel) 2.0
Page 167 and 168: although not recently studied is no
Page 169 and 170: and stylar outgrowths, present in s
Page 171 and 172: in Phalangodes (et al.) is thick an
Page 173 and 174: pairs) are found in six species: T.
Page 175 and 176: elated species IS probably best int
Page 177 and 178: legs than expected (2.6-3.2). This
Page 179 and 180: ~ 3.3 are synapomorphic); all trogl
Page 181 and 182: TAXONOMYTEXELLA Goodnight and Goodn
Page 183 and 184: 14. BK absent (Figs. 177, 180). SA
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Figs. 8-11.-Texella bijUrcata (Brig
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Description.-Total body length, 1.5
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male examined closely has fewer set
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Figs. 26-29.-Texella kokoweej, new
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apical region which loses the apica
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Figs. 38-41.-Texella shoshone, new
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Distribution.-Known only from the t
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Figs. 52-55.-Texella brevistyla, ne
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Texellajungi, new speciesFigs. 60-7
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Figs. 66-69.-Texellajungi, new spec
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than S; SA with laterobasal carina
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~81//J/'/ ;'?/ ~~.........--~~I, II
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cylindrical, retina and cornea abse
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Figs. 93-96.-Texella cokendolpheri,
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SA with well developed prong and re
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Figs. 105-108.-Texelia mulaiki Good
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and McCarty Caves, which are known
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Color orange. Body of medium rugosi
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Notes.-The type locality was errone
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Figs. 128-131.-Taella reyesi, new s
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Figs. 136-139.-Texella reyesi, new
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1989 (W. Elliott, J. Reddell, and M
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Table 3.-Continued.# locality sex S
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mesoapical; patella, 2 mesal; tibia
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Figs. 162-165.-Texella gmbbsi, new
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Figs. 166-169.-Texella diplospina,
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Figs. 174-177.-Texella renkesae, ma
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Figs. 178-18\.-Teulla spinoperca, n
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Distribution.-Known only from Fayet
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Figs. 190-193.-Texellafendi, new sp
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CLASSIFICAnONTexellabifurcata group
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Chandler, D.S. 1992. The Pselaphida
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Key to Species1. Abdominal segments
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stemite VI slightly impressed at ba
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vertexal carinae, and the laterally
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is associated with rotten woods (Ch
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small ventral carina near base, pro
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Grigarick, A.A., and R.O. Schuster.
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Cicurifla (Cicurella) holsiflgeri G
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