Palp (Fig. 25) rather slender, a little more so infemales than in males; trochanter 1.75-2.1, femur2.6-3.25, tibia 2.3-2.7, and chela (without pedicel)2.8-3.4 times as long as broad; hand (withoutpedicel) 1.45-1.75 times as long as deep; movablefinger 0.92-1.05 as long as hand. Surfaces finelygranulate except chelal fingers smooth; setae mostlyshort, denticulate. Trichobothria as shown in Fig.26. Fixed chelal finger with 38-46 cusped marginalteeth; movable fmger with 41-50 teeth, similar exceptproximal 8-10 rounded; each finger with 3-6accessory teeth, both internal and external. Venomapparatus well developed in movable finger; nodusramosus usually just distad of trichobothrium sl, butjust proximad of sl in holotype.Legs quite slender; leg IV (Fig. 27) with entirefemur 4.5-5.4 and tibia 5.7-7.0 times as long asdeep. Tarsus of leg IV with a short, acuminate tactileseta about 3/4 length of segment from proximalend.Measurements (mm).-Figures given first <strong>for</strong>holotype followed in parentheses by ranges of allotypeand mounted paratypes. Body length 2.25(2.04-2.81). Carapace length 0.805 (0.74-0.88).Chelicera length 0.265 (0.23-0.29). Palpal trochanter0.39 (0.34-0.445) by 0.22 (0.185-0.245);femur 0.74 (0.67-0.82) by 0.27 (0.27-0.29); tibia0.665 (0.60-0.725) by 0.285 (0.24-0.29); chela(without pedicel) 1.07 (0.98-1.30) by 0.38 (0.330.41); hand (without pedicel) 0.57 (0.50-0.64) by0.385 (0.33-0.41); pedicel about 0.10 long; movablefinger length 0.56 (0.50-0.62). Leg IV: entirefemur 0.65 (0.60-0.75) by 0.14 (0.12-0.15); tibia0.57 (0.51-0.64) by 0.09 (0.08-0.095); tarsus 0.465(0.40-0.48) by 0.065 (0.06-0.075).Etymology.-Tbe new species is named cavicolus<strong>for</strong> its habitat in a cave.Remarks.-Dinocheirus cavicolus appears to bemodified <strong>for</strong> cave existence in the same way thatHesperochernes occidenralis and H. mirabilis are,i.e. by having a thinner cuticle than epigean fonus,by having more attenuated appendages, and by reductionin the number of setae on the body.Dinocheirus, sp. indet.In the collections from Texas caves are twospecimens which cannot be identified with certaintyat this time: one tritonymph from Wheat <strong>Cave</strong>, NWcomer of Edwards County, Texas, 21 September1963 (J. Reddell and D. McKenzie) (lCC); one femalefrom Arrowhead <strong>Cave</strong>, 3 mi. N San Marcos,Hays County, Texas, 1983 (A.G. Grubbs) (FSCA).Chernetidae, gen. et sp. indet.Several unidentifiable nymphs are at hand: onefrom 400 Foot <strong>Cave</strong>, Brewster County, Texas, 30June 1985 (A.G. Grubbs); one from Harrell's <strong>Cave</strong>,on Pete Sloan Ranch about 2 mi. W Chappell, SanSaba County, Texas; 2 from Springdale Ranch<strong>Cave</strong>, San Saba County, Texas, 22 October 1989(R.C. Matthews, Jr.); 3 from Secret Valley <strong>Cave</strong>,Uvalde County, Texas, February 1984 (R.M.Waters).ACKNOWLEDGMENTSMany sincere thanks are due to the collectors ofthe specimens reported herein, and especially toJames Reddell, who not only collected most of thematerial but also strongly encouraged and supportedthis publication. I am also indebted to C.R. Hignutt<strong>for</strong> drawing some of the figures. An anonymous reviewermade many comments which have helped toimprove the manuscript.LITERATURE CITEDBanks, N. 1895. Notes on the Pseudoscorpionida. J. New YorkEntomo!' Soc., 3:1-13.Banks, N. 1909. New tropical pseudoscorpions. J. New YorkEntomol. Soc., 17:145-148.Banks, N. 1908. The pseudoscorpions of Texas. Bull. WisconsinNat. His!. Soc., 6:39-42.Barr, T.C., Jr., and J.R. Reddell. 1967. The arthropod cavefauna of the Carlsbad <strong>Cave</strong>rns region, New Mexico. SouthwesternNat., 12:253-274.Beier, M. 1932a. Pseudoscorpionidea I. Subord. Chthoniinea etNeobisiinea. Tierreich, 57:1-258.Beier, M. 1932b. Pseudoscorpionidea ll. Subord. C. Cheliferinea.Tierreich, 58:1-294.Benedict, E.M. 1978. False scorpions of the genusApocheiridium Chamberlin from western North America(pseudoscorpionida, Cheiridiidae). J. Arachno!., 5 :231-241.Chamberlin, J.C. 1924a. The Cheiridiinae of North America.Pan-Pacific Entomo!., 1:32-40.Chamberlin, LC. 1924b. Hesperochemes [aurae, a new speciesof false scorpion from Cali<strong>for</strong>nia inhabiting the nest ofVespa. Pan-Pacific Entomol., 1:89-92.Chamberlin, LC. 1929a. A synoptic classification of the falsescorpions or chela-spinners, with a report on a cosmopolitancollection of the same.- Part I. The Heterosphyronida(Chthoniidae) (Arachnida-Chelonethida). Ann. Mag. Nat.Hist., (\0),4:50-80.Chamberlin, LC. 1929b. Dinocheirns lenoch, an hitherto undescribedgenus and species of false scorpion from Mexico(Arachnida-Chelonethida). Pan-Pacific Entomol., 5: 171-173.Chamberlin, J.C. 1930. A synoptic classification of the falsescorpions or chela-spinners, with a report on a cosmopolitancollection of the same.- Part ll. The Diplosphyronida(Arachnida-Chelonethida). Ann. Mag. Nat. His!., (10),5:1-48,585-620.Chamberlin, J.C. 1931. The arachnid order Chelonethida.Stan<strong>for</strong>d Univ. Pub!. Bio!' Sci., 7:1-284.150
Chamberlin, J.C. 1946. The genera and species of the Hyidae, afamily of the arachnid order Chelonethida. Bull. Univ. Utah,37(6):1-16.Chamberlin, J.C. 1962. New and little-known false scorpions,principally from caves, belonging to the families Chthoniidaeand Neobisiidae (Arachnida, Chelonethida). Bull. AmericanMus. Nat. Hist., 123:303-352.Chamberlin, 1.C., and D.R. Malcolm. 1960. The occurrence offalse scorpions in caves with special reference to cavernicolousadaptation and to cave species in the North Americanfauna. American Mid\. Nat., 64:105-115.Chambers, S.M., and S. Jahrsdoerfer. 1988. Endangered andthreatened wildlife and plants; final rule to determine fiveTexas cave invertebrates to be endangered species. FederalRegister, 53(180):36029-36033.Curcic, B.P.M. 1984. A revision of some North Americanspecies of Microcreagris Balzan, 1892 (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones:Neobisiidae). Bul!. British Arachno!. Soc.,6:149-166.Curcic, B.P.M. 1989. Further revision of some North Americanfalse scorpions originally assigned to Microereagris Balzan(pseudoscorpiones, Neobisiidae). 1. Arachno\., 17:351-362.Hoff, C.C. 1946. American species of the pseudoscorpion genusMicrobisium Chamberlin, 1930. Bull. Chicago Acad. Sci.,7:493-497.Hoff, C.C. 1947. The species of the pseudoscorpion genus Che/anops described by Banks. Bull. Mus. Compo Zoo!., 98:473-550.Hoff, C.C. 1952. Two new species of pseudoscorpions fromIllinois. Trans. minois Acad. Sci., 45: 188-195.Hoff, C.C. 1956a. The heterosphyronid pseudoscorpions of NewMexico. American Mus. Novitates, 1772:1-13.Hoff, C.C. 1956b. Diplosphyronid pseudoscorpions from NewMexico. American Mus. Novitates, 1780:1-49.Hoff, C.C. 1956c. Pseudoscorpions of the family Chernetidaefrom New Mexico. American Mus. Novitates, 18001-66.Hoff, C.C. 1957. Tejachemes (Arachnida-Chelonethida,Chernetidae-Chernetinae), a new genus of pseudoscorpionbased on Dinoeheirus stereoreus. Southwestern Nat.,2:83-88.Hoff, C.C. 1958. List of the pseudoscorpions of North Americanorth of Mexico. American Mus. Novitates, 1875:1-50.Hoff, C.C. 1959. The ecology and distribution of the pseudoscorpionsof north-central New Mexico. Univ. New MexicoPub\. Bio\., 8:1-68.Hoff, C.C. 1961. Pseudoscorpions from Colorado. Bull. AmericanMus. Nat. Hist., 122:409-464.Hoff, C.C., and J.E. Bolsterli. 1956. Pseudoscorpions of theMississippi River drainage basin area. Trans. American Microse.Soc., 75:155-179.Hoff, C.C., and D.L. Clawson. 1952. Pseudoscorpions fromrodent nests. American Mus. Novitates, 1585:1-38.Malcolm, D.R., and J.C. Chamberlin. 1960. The pseudoscorpiongenus Chitrella (Chelonethida, Syarinidae). AmericanMus. Novitates, 1989: 1-19Malcolm, D.R., and W.B. Muchmore. 1985. An unusual speciesof Tyrannochthonius from Florida (pseudoscorpionida,Chthoniidae).1. Arachno!., 13:403-405.Menge, A. 1855. Ueber die Scheerenspinnen. N. Schr. Natur<strong>for</strong>sch.Ges., Danzig, 5(2):1-43.Muchmore, W.B. 1969. New species and records of cavernicolouspseudoscorpions of the genus Microcreagris(Arachnida, Chelonethida, Neobisiidae, Ideobisiinae). AmericanMus. Novitates, 2392:1-21.Muchmore, W.B. 1972. European pseudoscorpions from NewEngland. 1. New York Entomo\. Soc., 80:109-110.Muchmore, W.B. 1973. The genus Chitrella in America(pseudoscorpionida, Syarinidae). J. New York Entomo\.Soc., 81:183-192.Muchmore, W.B. 1974. Clarification of the genera Hesperoehernesand Dinoeheirus (Pseudoscorpionida, Chernetidae). 1.Arachno\., 2:25-36.Muchmore, W.B. 1976. Aphrastochthonius paehysetus, a newcavernicolous species from New Mexico (pseudoscorpionida,Chthoniidae). Proc. Bio\. Soc. Washington, 89:361-364.Muchmore, W.B. 1981. <strong>Cave</strong>rnicolous species of Larea,Archeo/arca, and Pseudogarypus with notes on the genera(pseudoscorpionida, Garypidae and Pseudogarypidae). J.Arachno!.,9:47-60.Muchmore, W.B. 1982. The genera Ideobisium and Ideob/othrus,with remarks on the family Syarinidae(pseudoscorpionida). 1. Arachno\., 10: 193-221.Muchmore, W.B. 1986. Additional pseudoscorpions, mostlyfrom caves, in Mexico and Texas (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpionida).Texas Mem. Mus., Speleo!. Monogr., 1:17-30.Muchmore, W.B., and E.M. Benedict. 1976. Redescription ofApochthonius moestus (Banks), type of the genus ApoehthoniusChamberlin (pseudoscorpionida, Chthoniidae). J.New York Entomo\. Soc., 84:67-74.Nelson, S., Jr. 1975. A systematic study of Michigan Pseudoscorpionida(Arachnida). American MidI. Nat., 93:257-301.Nelson, S., Jr. 1984. The genus Microbisium in North andCentral America (pseudoscorpionida, Neobisiidae). J. Arachnol.,12:341-350.Reddell, 1.R. 1965. A checklist of the cave fauna of Texas. I.The Invertebrata (exclusive of Insecta). Texas 1. Sci.,17:143-187.Reddell, 1.R. 1970. A checklist of the cave fauna of Texas. IV.Additional records of Invertebrata (exclusive of Insecta).Texas 1. Sci., 21:389-415.Silva-Taboada, G., and K.F. Koopman. 1964. Notes on theoccurrence and ecology of Tadarida laticaudata yucatanicain eastern Cuba. American Mus. Novitates, 2174:1-6.Turk, F.A. 1949. Dinocheirus stercoreus, a new pseudoscorpionfrom the Bracken <strong>Cave</strong>, Texas, U.S.A. Ann. Mag. Nat.Hist., (12), 2:120-126.Welbourn, W.C. 1978. Biology of Ogle <strong>Cave</strong>, with a list of thecave fauna of Slaughter Canyon. NSS Bull., 40:27-34.ADDENDUMAfter the manuscript <strong>for</strong> this paper was completed,some additional cavernicolous pseudoscorpionsbecame available. In order to bring the accountup-to-date, this material is treated below.Tanarocreagris infernalis (Muchmore)One female, probably referable to this species,was collected in Off Campus <strong>Cave</strong>, WilliamsonCounty, Texas, 8 April 1989, by W. Elliott, J. Reddelland M. Reyes (mounted on slide-FSCA). Thisspecimen differs in several minor respects from, butis generally similar to, the holotype female of thespecies, which was found in Inner Space <strong>Cave</strong>rn,only about a mile south of Off Campus <strong>Cave</strong>. In151
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PREFACEThe present volume is the se
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TABLE OF CONTENTSHOLSINGER, JOHN R.
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the state of Coahuila in northern M
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Fig. 2.-Anesia welboumi, new specie
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\\. \ - -' ..........---~\ I// --..
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Mexiweckelia hardeni, new speciesFi
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2 sets of 1 or 2 setae each; dactyl
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AFig. 7.-Holsingerius smaragdinus,
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have as many setae on the inner pla
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Antenna 1 about 33 % length of body
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Of biogeographic interest for the h
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Bowman, T .E. 1992. Two subterranea
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A note by Scott Harden that accompa
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~~..~ ~~ I))\\ "-,'.=bFig. 3.-Speoc
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unarmed, except in pleopod 2, which
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Cokendolpher, LC., and l.R. Reddell
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lobes. The larger setae vary greatl
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the relationships of the order and
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zomids their absence is considered
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some species could be either split,
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have small pores over the surface o
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inhabits tropical deciduous forest
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huitvnolotitlensis from A. stygius
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8-10, figs. 5-7; Rowland, 1973c:136
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(in row) and one pair large posteri
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(0.34); tarsus 0.64 (0.58); total 4
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Abdomen: Tergite I with two pairs a
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setae near posterior margin. stemit
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setae, and ten ventral setae. Stemi
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1,980 m elev., 26 Dec. 1986 (T. Tre
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asitarsal-tarsal proportions: 15:4:
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and one pair setae at base of proce
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Cephalothorax: Propeltidium 1.66 mm
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Male adult unknown.Immature paratyp
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IV: trochanter 1.20 (1.10); femur 3
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Cokendolpher, 1.C. 1981. The order
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Gertsch, W.J. 1992. Distribution pa
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same families and genera, but also
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species from the United States and
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the posterior median pair short and
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great many species of North America
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Key to the Eyed Females1. Eight eye
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39111012Figs. 1-12.-Ventral and dor
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1419 23Figs. 13-24.-Ventral and dor
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27 293334Figs. 25-36.-Ventral and d
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Figs. 37-48.-Ventral and retrolater
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Cicurina blanco, new speciesFigs. 7
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Type-data.-Female holotype from ins
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- Page 113 and 114: lengths: first femur 2 rom, fourth
- Page 115 and 116: Cicurina pablo, new speciesFigs. 10
- Page 117 and 118: Description.-Female holotype: Lengt
- Page 119 and 120: canal in nearly vertical posItion;
- Page 121 and 122: Cicurina vespera, new speciesFigs.
- Page 123 and 124: procurved canal across sac; connect
- Page 125 and 126: Cicurina caverna, new speciesFigs.
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- Page 129 and 130: February 1964 (J. Reddell, D. McKen
- Page 131 and 132: County: Diamond Cave, 16 August 196
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- Page 143 and 144: trochanter 2.5 (2.6), femur 5.55 (5
- Page 145 and 146: ottom of entrance pit, Ogle Cave (O
- Page 147 and 148: tactile seta on tibia and basitarsu
- Page 149 and 150: Missouri may be conspecific (unpubl
- Page 151 and 152: Trichobothriotaxy of chela generall
- Page 153 and 154: Female (figures given first for all
- Page 155 and 156: transverse furrows; eyespots not ev
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- Page 159: and Acuminochernes, along with the
- Page 163: (0.36); chela (without pedicel) 2.0
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- Page 171 and 172: in Phalangodes (et al.) is thick an
- Page 173 and 174: pairs) are found in six species: T.
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- Page 177 and 178: legs than expected (2.6-3.2). This
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- Page 183 and 184: 14. BK absent (Figs. 177, 180). SA
- Page 185 and 186: Figs. 8-11.-Texella bijUrcata (Brig
- Page 187 and 188: Description.-Total body length, 1.5
- Page 189 and 190: male examined closely has fewer set
- Page 191 and 192: Figs. 26-29.-Texella kokoweej, new
- Page 193 and 194: apical region which loses the apica
- Page 195 and 196: Figs. 38-41.-Texella shoshone, new
- Page 197 and 198: Distribution.-Known only from the t
- Page 199 and 200: Figs. 52-55.-Texella brevistyla, ne
- Page 201 and 202: Texellajungi, new speciesFigs. 60-7
- Page 203 and 204: Figs. 66-69.-Texellajungi, new spec
- Page 205 and 206: than S; SA with laterobasal carina
- Page 207 and 208: ~81//J/'/ ;'?/ ~~.........--~~I, II
- Page 209 and 210: cylindrical, retina and cornea abse
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Figs. 93-96.-Texella cokendolpheri,
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SA with well developed prong and re
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Figs. 105-108.-Texelia mulaiki Good
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and McCarty Caves, which are known
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Color orange. Body of medium rugosi
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Notes.-The type locality was errone
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Figs. 128-131.-Taella reyesi, new s
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Figs. 136-139.-Texella reyesi, new
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Figs. 144-147.-Texella reyesi, new
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Figs. 152-155.-Texella reyesi, new
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1989 (W. Elliott, J. Reddell, and M
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Table 3.-Continued.# locality sex S
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mesoapical; patella, 2 mesal; tibia
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Figs. 162-165.-Texella gmbbsi, new
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Figs. 166-169.-Texella diplospina,
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Figs. 174-177.-Texella renkesae, ma
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Figs. 178-18\.-Teulla spinoperca, n
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Distribution.-Known only from Fayet
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Figs. 190-193.-Texellafendi, new sp
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CLASSIFICAnONTexellabifurcata group
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Chandler, D.S. 1992. The Pselaphida
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Key to Species1. Abdominal segments
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stemite VI slightly impressed at ba
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vertexal carinae, and the laterally
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is associated with rotten woods (Ch
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small ventral carina near base, pro
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Grigarick, A.A., and R.O. Schuster.
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Cicurifla (Cicurella) holsiflgeri G