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height to the full diameter of an anterior lateral eyebut becomes increasingly lower in those species thatare in the process of losing or have lost some or allof the eyes. The eyes lie in two close rows near thefront edge of the carapace and are of medium size.In eyed taxa the eyes are present as eight or six butall or some may be in various stages of reductionand disappearance, in extreme cases only evident astrivial black or whitish spots; all of the foregoingfeatures are listed among the eyed taxa and brieflynoted among the completely eyeless taxa. The eyesof the frent row when the number is eight are in amoderately procurved line typically narrower thanthe four of the posterior row which is mostlystraight or lightly curved. The triads of the six-eyedtaxa may be close together or widely separated.The sternum is longer than broad, suboval, withthe posterior coxae separated by their width in femalesbut somewhat less in males. The labium is aswide as long and about half as high as the endites.The chelicerae are stout, moderately geniculate, withsmall lateral condyle (boss) at base on the side. Eachchelicera has two rows of teeth margining the longfang furrow: on the promargin are usually threeteeth of which the middle one is often largest, andcontinued by a smooth or irregular carina nearly fulllength; on the retromargin is usually a variable seriesof four to ten teeth or denticles with those atbase longest.The legs are quite robust, especially in males,with the femora thickest and the fourth leg longestand more slender, in the leg formula 4123 of thesubgenus. The full leg charts of the measurements ofboth sexes of an eight-eyed species (see arkansa) -aregiven to illustrate the patterns of the group; withthem comes the conclusion that such data contributelittle to fuller understanding of the taxa. The femoraare subequal in length. The patella-tibia index offerssome indication of the comparative total leg lengths.The leg spines are well represented on all legs: theyare weaker in females and little larger than manyhairs; in males they are heavier and on some legsegments shorter and heavier. The typical spine patternsare presence of 1-1-1 median spines on dorsaof femora and tibiae and 2-2-2 or 2-2-0 ventralspines on tibiae and metatarsi of most legs. Specialspinal reference is given only when such data appearnecessary. The spine formulae of Chamberlin andIvie are useful and presumably valid. I have preferredto emphasize the characters of eyes whenpresent and genitalia of this distinctive group.The segments of the male palpus feature a slenderfemur, a very short patella and a similarly short tibiawhich bears a long flattened apophysis typical of theentire genus. A small angular spur or groove on theprolateral side of the tibia presents trivial differencesin size and position among the species. The cymbiumis a concave bowl, the alveolus, into which thepalpal bulb and elements are fixed. Most of thetegulum is flattened; the frontal smooth area is herecalled subtegulum and the large basal area oftenshowing internal tubular structures is the tegulum.The embolus originates at the base of the tegulum asa thin black tube and curves around the subtegulum,sometimes coming free of the restraining groove; itoffers little information for separation of the taxa.On the retrolateral side of the tegulum beyond theorigin of the embolus lies a conspicuous rounded ortwisted tegular process, the conductor, which continuesas a very long coil lying free on the side ofthe palpus. The conductor is a principle mark of thecicurellas but offers few features in form or lengthto identify the various taxa.The total number of mature males known fromCicurella collections, about a dozen, is only a fifthof the number of mature females, and this mightbring the implication that the ratio of the sexes is anunequal one. In general many spider studies assignnumber superiority to the males but in general it isbelieved in spiders that the ratio of the sexes is essentiallyequal, at least in the beginning. Only 15 ofthe about 70 known taxa have assignable males, 8among the eyed taxa, and 7 to the eyeless ones. Immaturespecimens of all grades of development cannotbe assigned to specific taxa, but the frequentpresence of obvious subadult males among immaturessuggests that the disparity is due to otherfactors.The abdomen is longer than wide, a suboval sacof medium height and is liberally clothed over mostof its surfaces by short soft gray or whitish hairs. Inmost members of the cicurellas it is whitish to grayin color without any distinctive darker pattern. Theepigynal area often shows some brownish color andhas on each side the pinkish book lung openings andthe central epigastric furrow through which the eggsare extruded. The internal tracheal system is presumedto be of the divided branch style described byForster (1970, p. 14).The six functional spinnerets are subapical in positionat the end of the abdomen. The two shortstout anterior spinnerets are well separated by nearlyhalf their length. In front of them lies the colulus(aborted cribellum) reduced to a narrow brown sclerotizedband and smooth area without setae about aswide as the space between the anterior lateral spinnerets.The two more slender posterior spinneretpairs lie close together in a slightly procurved row,80
the posterior median pair short and close together,and the posterior lateral pair with short apical segmentlonger and more widely separated.The epigynum is situated immediately in front ofthe genital orifice of the female, a narrow abdominalopening through which the eggs are extruded. Thestandard features of the Cicurina epigynum consistof a tubular element to receive the semen (the bursa)and conduct it to the storage unit (the spermathecum)to be held until the semen is delivered tothe eggs through a fertilization duct. This generalizedpattern fits the standard Cicurina and covers avariansvariansharrietaevariansrudimentopsarkansadelriosecretaarmadillof~00°0 \joyamicropso 0o 0 0 mirificaEyelessCicurellasintoniaChart I.-Eye and body patterns of Cicurina.81
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PREFACEThe present volume is the se
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TABLE OF CONTENTSHOLSINGER, JOHN R.
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the state of Coahuila in northern M
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Fig. 2.-Anesia welboumi, new specie
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\\. \ - -' ..........---~\ I// --..
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Mexiweckelia hardeni, new speciesFi
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2 sets of 1 or 2 setae each; dactyl
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AFig. 7.-Holsingerius smaragdinus,
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have as many setae on the inner pla
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Antenna 1 about 33 % length of body
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Of biogeographic interest for the h
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Bowman, T .E. 1992. Two subterranea
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A note by Scott Harden that accompa
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~~..~ ~~ I))\\ "-,'.=bFig. 3.-Speoc
Page 39 and 40: unarmed, except in pleopod 2, which
Page 41 and 42: Cokendolpher, LC., and l.R. Reddell
Page 43 and 44: lobes. The larger setae vary greatl
Page 45 and 46: the relationships of the order and
Page 47 and 48: zomids their absence is considered
Page 49 and 50: some species could be either split,
Page 51 and 52: have small pores over the surface o
Page 53 and 54: inhabits tropical deciduous forest
Page 55 and 56: huitvnolotitlensis from A. stygius
Page 57 and 58: 8-10, figs. 5-7; Rowland, 1973c:136
Page 59 and 60: (in row) and one pair large posteri
Page 61 and 62: (0.34); tarsus 0.64 (0.58); total 4
Page 63 and 64: Abdomen: Tergite I with two pairs a
Page 65 and 66: setae near posterior margin. stemit
Page 67: setae, and ten ventral setae. Stemi
Page 71 and 72: 1,980 m elev., 26 Dec. 1986 (T. Tre
Page 73 and 74: asitarsal-tarsal proportions: 15:4:
Page 75 and 76: and one pair setae at base of proce
Page 77 and 78: Cephalothorax: Propeltidium 1.66 mm
Page 79 and 80: Male adult unknown.Immature paratyp
Page 81 and 82: IV: trochanter 1.20 (1.10); femur 3
Page 83 and 84: Cokendolpher, 1.C. 1981. The order
Page 85 and 86: Gertsch, W.J. 1992. Distribution pa
Page 87 and 88: same families and genera, but also
Page 89: species from the United States and
Page 93 and 94: great many species of North America
Page 95 and 96: Key to the Eyed Females1. Eight eye
Page 97 and 98: 39111012Figs. 1-12.-Ventral and dor
Page 99 and 100: 1419 23Figs. 13-24.-Ventral and dor
Page 101 and 102: 27 293334Figs. 25-36.-Ventral and d
Page 103 and 104: Figs. 37-48.-Ventral and retrolater
Page 105 and 106: Cicurina blanco, new speciesFigs. 7
Page 107 and 108: Type-data.-Female holotype from ins
Page 109 and 110: Description.-Female holotype: Lengt
Page 113 and 114: lengths: first femur 2 rom, fourth
Page 115 and 116: Cicurina pablo, new speciesFigs. 10
Page 119 and 120: canal in nearly vertical posItion;
Page 121 and 122: Cicurina vespera, new speciesFigs.
Page 123 and 124: procurved canal across sac; connect
Page 125 and 126: Cicurina caverna, new speciesFigs.
Page 127 and 128: with sac of similar size set in obl
Page 129 and 130: February 1964 (J. Reddell, D. McKen
Page 131 and 132: County: Diamond Cave, 16 August 196
Page 133 and 134: Roth, V.D. 1992. A new and first tr
Page 135 and 136: LITERATURE CITEDBarr, T.C. 1963. Ec
Page 137 and 138: Muchmore, W.B. 1992. Cavernicolous
Page 139 and 140: Species of Aphrastochthonius are kn
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FAMILY NEOBISIIDAE CHAMBERLINGenus
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trochanter 2.5 (2.6), femur 5.55 (5
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ottom of entrance pit, Ogle Cave (O
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tactile seta on tibia and basitarsu
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Missouri may be conspecific (unpubl
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Trichobothriotaxy of chela generall
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Female (figures given first for all
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transverse furrows; eyespots not ev
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Reddell and W. Russell); I female f
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and Acuminochernes, along with the
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Chamberlin, J.C. 1946. The genera a
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(0.36); chela (without pedicel) 2.0
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although not recently studied is no
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and stylar outgrowths, present in s
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in Phalangodes (et al.) is thick an
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pairs) are found in six species: T.
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elated species IS probably best int
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legs than expected (2.6-3.2). This
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~ 3.3 are synapomorphic); all trogl
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TAXONOMYTEXELLA Goodnight and Goodn
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14. BK absent (Figs. 177, 180). SA
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Figs. 8-11.-Texella bijUrcata (Brig
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Description.-Total body length, 1.5
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male examined closely has fewer set
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Figs. 26-29.-Texella kokoweej, new
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apical region which loses the apica
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Figs. 38-41.-Texella shoshone, new
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Distribution.-Known only from the t
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Figs. 52-55.-Texella brevistyla, ne
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Texellajungi, new speciesFigs. 60-7
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Figs. 66-69.-Texellajungi, new spec
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than S; SA with laterobasal carina
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~81//J/'/ ;'?/ ~~.........--~~I, II
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cylindrical, retina and cornea abse
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Figs. 93-96.-Texella cokendolpheri,
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SA with well developed prong and re
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Figs. 105-108.-Texelia mulaiki Good
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and McCarty Caves, which are known
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Color orange. Body of medium rugosi
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Notes.-The type locality was errone
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Figs. 128-131.-Taella reyesi, new s
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Figs. 136-139.-Texella reyesi, new
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Page 229 and 230:
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1989 (W. Elliott, J. Reddell, and M
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Table 3.-Continued.# locality sex S
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mesoapical; patella, 2 mesal; tibia
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Figs. 162-165.-Texella gmbbsi, new
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Figs. 166-169.-Texella diplospina,
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Figs. 174-177.-Texella renkesae, ma
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Figs. 178-18\.-Teulla spinoperca, n
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Distribution.-Known only from Fayet
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Figs. 190-193.-Texellafendi, new sp
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CLASSIFICAnONTexellabifurcata group
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Chandler, D.S. 1992. The Pselaphida
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Key to Species1. Abdominal segments
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stemite VI slightly impressed at ba
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vertexal carinae, and the laterally
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is associated with rotten woods (Ch
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small ventral carina near base, pro
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Grigarick, A.A., and R.O. Schuster.
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Cicurifla (Cicurella) holsiflgeri G
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