searchable PDF - Association for Mexican Cave Studies

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Family TelemidaeTelema, new species. El Dorado County.Telema, new species. Calaveras County.Telema, new species. Shasta County.Telema, new species. Tuolumne County.Telema, new species. Tulare County.Telema, new species. Siskiyou County.Spider Troglobit~ of the Texas RegionA rich area of spider troglobite evolution is centeredin the Texas plateaus. For more than 20 yearsa wealth of material has been gleaned from scores ofTexas caves by James Reddell and numerous colleaguesand students of the Texas Speleological Surveyof Austin. The many troglobitic spiders so farfound (and they are continuing to find more) belongto most of the families of the Appalachian Provincebut the generic emphasis is quite distinct. No speciesof Nesticus has been so far recorded but the nesticidgenus Eidmannella (represented in Appalachia andTexas by pallidus which ranges deep into Mexico)has produced five troglobitic taxa of mostly eyelessstatus in Texas. The genus Neoleptoneta, comprisingtiny generalized, six-eyed spiders of the familyLeptonetidae, is relatively rich in species and themajority, perhaps 9 species, seem to be caveadapted. In that family we are now able to match theEuropean fauna with a number of well-markedtroglobites of this largely cavernicole family.The outstanding troglobites of the Texas regionare those of the genus Cicurina. This genus is richin species all over the United States and most arecryptic types that abound under ground cover inmesic situations. Some 46 completely eyeless speciesof the subgenus Cicurella have been found inTexas caves and an additional one occurs in Alabama.The total number of troglobites now claimedfor Texas is 61 and with the totals of 18 for Appalachiaand 20 for California now reaches 99.List of Spider Troglobites of the Texas RegionFamily LinyphiidaeIslandiana unicornis Ivie, 1965. Childress andWheeler Counties.Family NesticidaeEidmannella delicata Gertsch, 1984. Val VerdeCounty.Eidmannella bullata Gertsch, 1984. CulbersonCounty.Eidmannella nasuta Gertsch, 1984. Medina County.Eidmannella reclusa Gertsch, 1984. Travis County.Eidmannella rostrata Gertsch, 1984. EdwardsPlateau.Family LeptonetidaeNeoleptoneta anopica (Gertsch), 1974. WilliamsonCounty.Neoleptoneta coeca (Chamberlin and Ivie), 1942.Comal County.Neoleptoneta concinna (Gertsch), 1974. TravisCounty.Neoleptoneta devia (Gertsch), 1974. Travis County.Neoleptoneta microps (Gertsch), 1974. BexarCounty.Neoleptoneta myopica (Gertsch), 1974. TravisCounty.Neoleptoneta valverde (Gertsch), 1974. Val VerdeCounty.Neoleptoneta, new species. Hays County.Neoleptoneta, new species. Bexar County.Family DictynidaeCicurina buwata Chamberlin and Ivie, 1940. Travisand Williamson Counties.Cicurina (Cicurella) taxa listed in followingreVISIOn.CICURINAS OF THE SUBGENUSCICURELLA OF TEXAS AND NEARBYSTATES AND MEXICOINTRODUCTIONThe American Cicurina fauna was little exploitedby students until publication by Chamberlin and Iviein 1940 of ftAgelenid Spiders of the GenusCicurina." Wilton Ivie was assigned to preparationof a comprehensive review of the known species onthe basis of much new material. Most of the systematicadvances of that paper are to be credited tohim for clarifying the systematic status and faunalwealth of these ecribellates in North America. Hebuilt the genus Cicurina to outstanding size even atthis early date by doubling it to 47 taxa of which 23were described as new. His keen analyses of the taxaand meticulous drawings of the genitalia mark hisartistry. Wilton Ivie continued to collect and studyCicurina after joining me as a colleague at theAmerican Museum of Natural History in New York,where he continued to prepare a supplement to thebasic revisional paper. More than a dozen unknown78
species from the United States and many more fromMexican localities were recognized by him and afew of these tentatively described and illustrated.None of this unfinished material was published butnow forms part of the American Museum collectionhere with me in Portal, Arizona.The present paper continues study of thecicurinas on the basis of large new collections frommany epigean and cavemicole habitats of NorthAmerica and limits itself to the subgenus Cicurellaof the stem genus Cicurina. As now definedCicurella comprises 73 species of eyed and eyelesstaxa of which only 10 have so far been described.Within the United States most species occur in thestate of Texas, except for two from Arkansas andsingle ones from Oklahoma, Missouri and Alabama.A few additional species are known from Mexico.Very little is known about the biology of this groupof spiders. Typical species live in mesic conditionsin or under ground objects or debris or in groundopenings or caves. Often associated with thecicurellas as part of collections are numerous spidersin mature or developing stages of various familiesfavoring such cryptic habitats. Among suchneighbors but not necessarily living near them intheir microhabitats as neighbors are a few standardcicurinas. The most notable one is the largeeight-eyed Cicurina varians Gertsch and Mulaiknow known from a high percentage of the caves ofTexas.SYSTEMATIC SECTIONFAMILY DICTYNIDAEAgelenidae Simon, 1898: 193-308; Comstock, 1912:597; Chamberlin and Ivie, 1940:1-108; Petrunkevitch,1911:530.Cicurininae Lehtinen, 1967: 353.Discussion.-Cicurina are sedentary spiders withone pair of booklungs and a single tracheal spiracleimmediately in front of the spinnerets. Their eyestypically are eight in number and lie in two essentiallystraight rows close to the c1ypeal edge; theymay be reduced in size and number or even completelylost. Traces of an abortive cribellum (nowcalled coluius) are apparent in front of the two anteriorspinnerets. The cicurine genera are few in numberand form a series without obvious near relatives.The familial position of the genus Cicurina, held formany years to be in the family Agelenidae, waschanged by Lehtinen (1967, p. 353), withpersuasive arguments, to the family Dictynidae.This action was tentatively accepted by Forster(1970, pp. 12, 127-139) and recently by Brignoli(1983) and Platnick (1989) in their catalogues. Afteragain reviewing such dictynid genera as Blabomma,Lathys, and especially Brommella, I have tentativelyfollowed Lehtinen and now place Cicurina in thefamily Dictynidae within its own special subfamilyCicurininae. I doubt that even the present tendencyto break up unwieldy families into smaller units willsoon result in holding the group Cicurininae asworthy of its own special ecribellate family.Genus Cicurina MengeCicurina Menge, 1871:IV; Simon, 1898:265; Petrunkevitch,1911:530-531; Comstock, 1912:564,565, 596; Chamberlin and Ivie, 1940:1-108;Vogel, 1967:1-196; Bonnet, 1956:1086-1091.Diagnosis.-The cicurinas of the subgenusCicurella are pale sedentary spiders that offer fewcoloration or somatic features to allow easy identificationof the multiplicity of allied taxa. The cephalothoraxand appendages are pale yellowish toorange with head and distal parts of appendagessomewhat darker. The chelicerae and mouth partsare orange to pale brownish. In general males havethe carapace and legs somewhat darker, and eyelessspecies are paler than those of epigean habitats. Immaturespecies of most habitats are whitish or faintlyyellowish with some sheen on larger surfaces. Mostcicurellas are small spiders and range from 1.2 romto about 7 rom in total length with the average beingabout 3 rom and only a few range much beyond thisaverage. The males are larger than the females withheavier legs and stouter hairs and spines. Inconspicuouspale hairs lie in rows on the carapaceand are darker on the abdomen and leg segments.The true spines are little larger than some of thehairs in some females but they are darker and moredeveloped in males. Loss of individual spines isfrequent but here considered of minor systematicinterest.Description.-The carapace is longer than broad,moderately convex and well rounded on the sides,truncated across the c1ypeus, with the width of theeyes when present about half the greatest width ofthe carapace. Cephalic sutures are obsolete or faintlyindicated but the thoracic fovea is present as a darklinear, slightly indented groove behind the middle ofthe carapace. From the side the carapace is nearlyequal in height for five-sevenths of its length andfrom that point evenly sloping to the caudal margin.The c1ypeus in most eyed taxa is about equal in79
Page 7 and 8:
PREFACEThe present volume is the se
Page 9:
TABLE OF CONTENTSHOLSINGER, JOHN R.
Page 12 and 13:
the state of Coahuila in northern M
Page 14 and 15:
Fig. 2.-Anesia welboumi, new specie
Page 16 and 17:
\\. \ - -' ..........---~\ I// --..
Page 18 and 19:
Mexiweckelia hardeni, new speciesFi
Page 20:
2 sets of 1 or 2 setae each; dactyl
Page 23 and 24:
AFig. 7.-Holsingerius smaragdinus,
Page 25 and 26:
have as many setae on the inner pla
Page 28:
Antenna 1 about 33 % length of body
Page 31 and 32:
Of biogeographic interest for the h
Page 33 and 34:
Bowman, T .E. 1992. Two subterranea
Page 35 and 36:
A note by Scott Harden that accompa
Page 37 and 38: ~~..~ ~~ I))\\ "-,'.=bFig. 3.-Speoc
Page 39 and 40: unarmed, except in pleopod 2, which
Page 41 and 42: Cokendolpher, LC., and l.R. Reddell
Page 43 and 44: lobes. The larger setae vary greatl
Page 45 and 46: the relationships of the order and
Page 47 and 48: zomids their absence is considered
Page 49 and 50: some species could be either split,
Page 51 and 52: have small pores over the surface o
Page 53 and 54: inhabits tropical deciduous forest
Page 55 and 56: huitvnolotitlensis from A. stygius
Page 57 and 58: 8-10, figs. 5-7; Rowland, 1973c:136
Page 59 and 60: (in row) and one pair large posteri
Page 61 and 62: (0.34); tarsus 0.64 (0.58); total 4
Page 63 and 64: Abdomen: Tergite I with two pairs a
Page 65 and 66: setae near posterior margin. stemit
Page 67: setae, and ten ventral setae. Stemi
Page 71 and 72: 1,980 m elev., 26 Dec. 1986 (T. Tre
Page 73 and 74: asitarsal-tarsal proportions: 15:4:
Page 75 and 76: and one pair setae at base of proce
Page 77 and 78: Cephalothorax: Propeltidium 1.66 mm
Page 79 and 80: Male adult unknown.Immature paratyp
Page 81 and 82: IV: trochanter 1.20 (1.10); femur 3
Page 83 and 84: Cokendolpher, 1.C. 1981. The order
Page 85 and 86: Gertsch, W.J. 1992. Distribution pa
Page 87: same families and genera, but also
Page 91 and 92: the posterior median pair short and
Page 93 and 94: great many species of North America
Page 95 and 96: Key to the Eyed Females1. Eight eye
Page 97 and 98: 39111012Figs. 1-12.-Ventral and dor
Page 99 and 100: 1419 23Figs. 13-24.-Ventral and dor
Page 101 and 102: 27 293334Figs. 25-36.-Ventral and d
Page 103 and 104: Figs. 37-48.-Ventral and retrolater
Page 105 and 106: Cicurina blanco, new speciesFigs. 7
Page 107 and 108: Type-data.-Female holotype from ins
Page 109 and 110: Description.-Female holotype: Lengt
Page 113 and 114: lengths: first femur 2 rom, fourth
Page 115 and 116: Cicurina pablo, new speciesFigs. 10
Page 119 and 120: canal in nearly vertical posItion;
Page 121 and 122: Cicurina vespera, new speciesFigs.
Page 123 and 124: procurved canal across sac; connect
Page 125 and 126: Cicurina caverna, new speciesFigs.
Page 127 and 128: with sac of similar size set in obl
Page 129 and 130: February 1964 (J. Reddell, D. McKen
Page 131 and 132: County: Diamond Cave, 16 August 196
Page 133 and 134: Roth, V.D. 1992. A new and first tr
Page 135 and 136: LITERATURE CITEDBarr, T.C. 1963. Ec
Page 137 and 138: Muchmore, W.B. 1992. Cavernicolous
Page 139 and 140:
Species of Aphrastochthonius are kn
Page 141 and 142:
FAMILY NEOBISIIDAE CHAMBERLINGenus
Page 143 and 144:
trochanter 2.5 (2.6), femur 5.55 (5
Page 145 and 146:
ottom of entrance pit, Ogle Cave (O
Page 147 and 148:
tactile seta on tibia and basitarsu
Page 149 and 150:
Missouri may be conspecific (unpubl
Page 151 and 152:
Trichobothriotaxy of chela generall
Page 153 and 154:
Female (figures given first for all
Page 155 and 156:
transverse furrows; eyespots not ev
Page 157 and 158:
Reddell and W. Russell); I female f
Page 159 and 160:
and Acuminochernes, along with the
Page 161 and 162:
Chamberlin, J.C. 1946. The genera a
Page 163:
(0.36); chela (without pedicel) 2.0
Page 167 and 168:
although not recently studied is no
Page 169 and 170:
and stylar outgrowths, present in s
Page 171 and 172:
in Phalangodes (et al.) is thick an
Page 173 and 174:
pairs) are found in six species: T.
Page 175 and 176:
elated species IS probably best int
Page 177 and 178:
legs than expected (2.6-3.2). This
Page 179 and 180:
~ 3.3 are synapomorphic); all trogl
Page 181 and 182:
TAXONOMYTEXELLA Goodnight and Goodn
Page 183 and 184:
14. BK absent (Figs. 177, 180). SA
Page 185 and 186:
Figs. 8-11.-Texella bijUrcata (Brig
Page 187 and 188:
Description.-Total body length, 1.5
Page 189 and 190:
male examined closely has fewer set
Page 191 and 192:
Figs. 26-29.-Texella kokoweej, new
Page 193 and 194:
apical region which loses the apica
Page 195 and 196:
Figs. 38-41.-Texella shoshone, new
Page 197 and 198:
Distribution.-Known only from the t
Page 199 and 200:
Figs. 52-55.-Texella brevistyla, ne
Page 201 and 202:
Texellajungi, new speciesFigs. 60-7
Page 203 and 204:
Figs. 66-69.-Texellajungi, new spec
Page 205 and 206:
than S; SA with laterobasal carina
Page 207 and 208:
~81//J/'/ ;'?/ ~~.........--~~I, II
Page 209 and 210:
cylindrical, retina and cornea abse
Page 211 and 212:
Figs. 93-96.-Texella cokendolpheri,
Page 213 and 214:
SA with well developed prong and re
Page 215 and 216:
Figs. 105-108.-Texelia mulaiki Good
Page 217 and 218:
and McCarty Caves, which are known
Page 219 and 220:
Color orange. Body of medium rugosi
Page 221 and 222:
Notes.-The type locality was errone
Page 223 and 224:
Figs. 128-131.-Taella reyesi, new s
Page 225 and 226:
Figs. 136-139.-Texella reyesi, new
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
1989 (W. Elliott, J. Reddell, and M
Page 233 and 234:
Table 3.-Continued.# locality sex S
Page 235 and 236:
mesoapical; patella, 2 mesal; tibia
Page 237 and 238:
Figs. 162-165.-Texella gmbbsi, new
Page 239 and 240:
Figs. 166-169.-Texella diplospina,
Page 241 and 242:
Figs. 174-177.-Texella renkesae, ma
Page 243 and 244:
Figs. 178-18\.-Teulla spinoperca, n
Page 245 and 246:
Distribution.-Known only from Fayet
Page 247 and 248:
Figs. 190-193.-Texellafendi, new sp
Page 249 and 250:
CLASSIFICAnONTexellabifurcata group
Page 251 and 252:
Chandler, D.S. 1992. The Pselaphida
Page 253 and 254:
Key to Species1. Abdominal segments
Page 255 and 256:
stemite VI slightly impressed at ba
Page 257 and 258:
vertexal carinae, and the laterally
Page 259 and 260:
is associated with rotten woods (Ch
Page 261 and 262:
small ventral carina near base, pro
Page 263:
Grigarick, A.A., and R.O. Schuster.
Page 266 and 267:
Cicurifla (Cicurella) holsiflgeri G
show all

searchable PDF - Association for Mexican Cave Studies

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?