Comparative Syntax of the Balkan Languages (Oxford ... - Cryptm.org

94 ANNA ROUSSOU(37) a. I tried (*for) to go.b. */ tried for John to go.c. / prefer (*for) to go.d. / prefer for John to go.As (37a) and (37b), show for is incompatible with control predicates in the sameway that ca and qe are. " With volitionals, on the other hand, for is possible butit forces disjoint reference, exactly like ca and qe in Romanian and Albanian, respectively.Finally, we find the same blocking effects with the Romance subjunctive,which is also introduced by an overt C:(38) a. *Je veux que je pane. FreI want-1SG that I leave-1SG'I want to leave.'b. *// veut qu'il parte.he want-3SG that he leave-3SG'He wants to leave.'Construction (38b) is possible only under the reading where il in the embeddedclause is not coreferential with the matrix subject il. dereference is onlypossible with an infinitive (on the parallelism between for to infinitives andRomance subjunctives, see Kempchinsky 1986). Notice that, in languages likeItalian and French, control (but not raising) does allow for an overt C likeelement, namely di and de, respectively (Rizzi 1982, Kayne 1984):(39) a. Jean a essaye/decide de partir. FreJohn tried/decided-3SG to leaveb. Gianni ha tentato/deciso di partire. ItaJohn tried/decided-3SG to leave'John tried/decided to leave.'As Kayne (1984) pointed out, de and di have a different status from for. In hisanalysis, for is a proper governor and therefore incompatible with PRO, while deand di are not, for which reason they are compatible with PRO. We will comeback to this point shortly. Overall, the various alternations with an overt C haveled to the idea that the obviation problem strongly relates to the lexical C.Farkas (1992b), on the other hand, argues that in the Romance languages itis the availability of two different types of complement clauses, namely infinitivesand subjunctives, that gives rise to obviation effects. In particular, infinitivesare used to mark the Su dependency; therefore this is the complement thatshould be used in coreference. The subjunctive, on the other hand, is used tomark the world dependency and cannot be used in contexts that trigger coreferencewith the matrix subject. She captures this under the following generalization:(40) In world dependent complements that conform to the canonical controlcase, the form used to mark Su dependency blocks the form used for worlddependency.