Comparative Syntax of the Balkan Languages (Oxford ... - Cryptm.org

118 ILIYANA KRAPOVAillustrated in (29) from Big. In (29), however, the embedded event is necessarilyinterpreted as being simultaneous with the matrix event:(29) Sre zabravja da kupja luk utre.will forget-lSG da buy-ISG onions tomorrow'I will forget to buy onions tomorrow.'The temporal adverb litre 'tomorrow' in the embedded clause can serve tomodify the whole expression, that is, it has wide scope. Thus, in (29) the adverbhas a future time reference, and so does the whole expression.Judging from the above facts, we have to expect that an embedded temporaladverb may be ungrammatical if it conflicts with matrix tense. This expectationis indeed borne out. In (30) it is shown that a matrix past tense is compatibleonly with past time indicators:(30) Ne mozax da kupja knigata vcera/*utrenot could-1SG to buy book-the yesterday/tomorrowT could not buy the book yesterday/*tomorrrow.'Finally, control complements in both Blg and MGrk can appear only in thepresent tense, irrespective of the matrix tense. All other tenses are excluded, asthe ungrammatically of the examples in (31) from Blg show:(31) a. *lvan moze da e procel pismoto.Ivan can-3SG da be-3SG read-PRT letter-theb. *Ivan mozese da procetese/bese procel pismoto.Ivan could-3SG da read-IMPF.3SG/was-3SG read-PRT letter-theI conclude, therefore, that control complements in Blg and MGrk, whichcorrespond to Type II Ss, do not possess tense features at all. In (35) the presenttense is tenseless or tense zero, which points to the fact that morphologically,tense in Type II Ss is more impoverished than in Type 1 Ss in terms of bothformal (morphological) features and semantic content. Therefore, I will suggestthat tense in Type II Ss is specified with [-T]. This specification will allow usto capture the strict anaphoric relation which exists between matrix and embeddedtense.The above discussion can be summarized with the following generalizationabout the nonuniform characteristics of the two types, based on the correlationbetween their temporal specification and the type of null subject they may take.Big and MGrk have two types of subjunctive complements, one that licensespro and another that licenses PRO. Da/na-complements with a PRO subjectshow some tense restrictions, but nevertheless, their tense features may not beanaphoric upon the matrix tense; hence, embedded tense is specified with [+T],although it lacks the [IPast] features. Da/na-clauses that have a PRO subjectshow very strict tense restrictions, and their tense features are anaphoric; hence,embedded tense is specified with [—TJ. 15