Comparative Syntax of the Balkan Languages (Oxford ... - Cryptm.org

IS BALKAN COMPARATIVE SYNTAX POSSIBLE? 31Albanian mos is used with imperative mood forms, while Greek mi(n) is usedwith nonimperative forms; given this distribution, the Albanian prohibitiveusage could be taken simply to be a case of nonindicative negation, as in (7/8a),while Greek shows a special usage that does not reduce to nonindicative negation,inasmuch as mi(n) cannot be used with the imperative. Moreover,following up on prohibitive uses, it should be noted that independent mos,besides the prohibitive value it has (cf. (7/8f), which is paralleled in Greek, canalso have nonprohibitive exclamatory value, as in (9), while in Greekindependent mi has only prohibitive value:(9) Eshte vrare Kajoja! Mos!is-3SG slain-PPL Kajo-NOM.DEF mos'Kajo has been slain! Oh No!'Finally, the question-particle use in (7/8e) is broader for Albanian mos thanfor Greek mi(ii). In particular, mos can have overt negative dubitative value,while mi(n) is only dubitative (and thus at best only weakly negative).(10) Mos eslite e forte?mos is-3SG strong-FEM'She isn't strong, is she?'The approach taken here in the presentation of these similarities and differenceshas primarily been of a pretheoretical, somewhat descriptive and informalsort. Still, these facts are of some interest in regard to formal and comparativeissues. For instance, they raise interesting questions concerning the extent towhich these functions are all really separate or instead can be collapsed: forexample, does the question usage in (7/8e) involve some negative force, especiallyfor Greek, in the same way that the modal negation does? Also, are all them-elements that are employed here the same formal element in some relevantsense? It is noteworthy in this regard that in Greek some instantiations, particularlythose attached to verbs, allow a final -n before vowels and someconsonants," 4 as the examples in (8a)-(8e) show, while some, for instance, theindependent prohibitive utterance (8f), prohibit it, and so forth. Ultimately, atheory of morphology and indeed even a semantic theory should have somethingto say about such questions,"" 1 but they are relevant too for issues in the formalsyntax of these languages.The independent word status of the prohibitive utterance in (8f), for instance,has been taken by Rivero and Terzi (1994) as part of the evidence fortreating negation in Greek as being formally distinct from clitic pronouns interms of their blocking properties in verb movement to Comp. There are indeeddifferences that permit such an interpretation, and further more, there is goodevidence that the clitic pronouns of Greek are best analyzed as affixes—asmorphological entities and not syntactic ones (as argued in Joseph 1988, 1990).Still, if the independent prohibitive utterance is a distinct element from theverbal negator, as their differential behavior regarding final -n could suggest,then part of the evidence for treating negation in the verb phrase as having