Comparative Syntax of the Balkan Languages (Oxford ... - Cryptm.org

INTRODUCTION 13Androutsopoulou's analysis of these patterns is intended to account not only forsimilarities between the two languages, hut also for differences, which includehow definiteness is marked. For her, adjectival determiners indicate reducedrelative clauses with the phrase structure most recently proposed by Kayne(1994). To simplify: in both languages, the bottom of the phrase structure forthese nominal expressions is a small clause with the noun as subject and theadjective as predicate. This small clause appears embedded in a functionalstructure whose top layer is a DP projection that takes another DP projectionheaded by the adjectival aeterminer as complement. Within this commonstructure, a major difference between the two languages results from how thehighest D is filled via overt movement. In Albanian, the inflected noun djal-inraises out of the small clause and its final landing site is the D of the DP thatcloses the projection, that is, the highest DP; in this way the inflected nouncomes to precede both the adjectival determiner e heading the complement orsecond DP and the adjective mire that remains in the lower part of the structure.In Greek, the first determiner to and the noun vivlio constitute the subject of thesmall clause that raises, and this phrase lands in the Spec of the DP headed bythe adjectival determiner, or the second to in the example. Subsequently, the toof to vivlio raises from the specifier of the second DP to the highest D. Thismeans that raising a noun phrase involves not only head or X movement inAlbanian, but also phrasal or X max movement in Greek. Support for thishypothesis includes the observation that nouns preposed around adjectivaldeterminers can in Greek be followed by their complements, as in (15), which isa sign of phrasal movement, while the same is impossible in Albanian, asillustrated in (16a). In Albanian, only the noun is preposed around the adjectivaldeterminer, as in (I6b), which is a sign of head movement.(15) o davmasmos ja ton Aristoteli o me meyalos. Grkthe admiration for the Aristotle DET great'the great admiration for Aristotle'(16) a. *Admirim-i per Aristotelin i mmadh. Albadmiration-the for Aristotle DET bigb. Admirim-i i i madh dh per Aristotelin.admiration-the DET big for Aristotle'the great admiration for Aristotle'Proposals by Pollock (1989) based on Emonds (1978) are the source ofrecent interest in V movement, as in French Jean lit souvent t des lirres 'Johnoften reads books,' with lit raising to a functional head past soitvent. In "LastResort and V Movement in Balkan Languages." Maria Luisa Rivero comparesBulgarian and several stages of Greek, first proposing that in Bulgarian, rulesthat front V past the auxiliary or pronoun in (17) are stylistic (Chomsky andLasnik 1977).(17) a. Cel e knigata. Blgread has book.the'He has read the book.'