Comparative Syntax of the Balkan Languages (Oxford ... - Cryptm.org

ADJECTIVAL DETERMINERS IN ALBANIAN AND GREEK 175In the state of affairs in (35), since the definiteness and Case marker -i is a suffixon the noun admirimi, it is the specifier of Agr2P that moves to Spec, D/PP.Thus, (34a) cannot be derived.On the other hand, in (36), the morpheme corresponding to the Albanian -i, thatis, the token of the definite determiner o preceding the noun thavmasmos, is afree morpheme occupying a head in the main structure of the DP. Thus, it is notthe specifier of Agr2P that moves to Spec, D/PP. Rather, as in (23a), the projectionheaded by the definite determiner o, that is, XP. moves to Spec, D/PP.Through this movement, the PP ja ton Aristoteli moves together with the nounBavmaznws, and thus, (32) is derived. hIn sum, then, (32) is grammatical in Greek because, in the element odavmazmos attracted to Spec, D/PP in (36), the definite determiner o is a head inthe main structure of the DP o meyalos o duvmazmos ja ton Aristoteli 'the greatadmiration for Aristotle', and thus, the whole structure dominated by o is piedpipedby the movement of the attracted element. In Albanian, on the other hand,(34a) is ungrammatical, because no such pied-piping takes place. The elementcorresponding to the Greek definite determiner o is the suffix -/' on the nounadmirimi in (35), and thus, no part of the attracted element admirimi sits under ahead of the main DP structure. Rather, admirimi sits in Spec, Agr2P.8. Adjectival orderingA major argument in favor of DP-internal XP movement of the noun in DPscontaining adjectival determiners comes from word order facts in DPs containingmore than one adjective. It has been argued by a number of authors—Vendler(1968), Dixon (1982), Sproat and Shih (1988, 1991), and Cinque (1994), amongothers—that adjectives have a basic universal fixed (left to right) relative order.Size adjectives precede color adjectives, and thus, in the unmarked case, anadjective like meyalo 'big' is expected to precede an adjective like kokino 'red'.Indeed, this is the unmarked order 19 for these adjectives, as shown by the contrastbetween (37a) and (37b):(37) a. totheme yahbigkokinored'the [big [red book]]'vivliobookb. *tothekokinoredmeyalobig'the [big [red book[]'vivliobookThe contrast in (37) is independent of the occurrence within the DP of adjectivaldeterminers, as shown by the contrast between (38a) and (38b):~(38) a.b.tothe'the*tothe•themeyalobig[big [redkokinored[big [redtothe redbook]]'kokinotothe bigbook]]'meyalotothetothevivliobookvivliobook