SPECIFICITIES OF GLOBALIZATION 181Beyond a certa<strong>in</strong> age, one is obliged to start ‘be<strong>in</strong>g anadult’ and fulfill one’s designated role, one’s promise orpotential <strong>in</strong> society, and from that time, one becomesemotionally ‘an island’ at the honne or <strong>in</strong>ner level,hav<strong>in</strong>g to conceal personal thoughts and feel<strong>in</strong>gs for thesake of ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g social obligations and meet<strong>in</strong>g thedemands of group cohesion.Physically and <strong>in</strong>ter-personally though, at the tatemae orexterior level, one is never allowed the luxury of be<strong>in</strong>g ‘anisland,’ unless one has already been banished as a socialmisfit. Every action, gesture, utterance or movementbears consideration for others before oneself.Even on a tra<strong>in</strong> amongst strangers, enter<strong>in</strong>g a lift withpeople you have never ever seen before, <strong>in</strong> a crowdedcafé or narrow aisles <strong>in</strong> a convenient store, everyoneis always m<strong>in</strong>dful of people around them, and be<strong>in</strong>gconsciously and visibly m<strong>in</strong>dful to the others, albeitwithout a s<strong>in</strong>gle bit of genu<strong>in</strong>e emotion given or taken<strong>in</strong> the exchange of gestures.‘Why smile when a gr<strong>in</strong> will do?’In fact, to smile to strangers may be overdo<strong>in</strong>g the‘tatemae’ somewhat, and may leave the other personuncomfortable or even suspicious about our <strong>in</strong>tentions.Better just to offer a restra<strong>in</strong>ed gr<strong>in</strong>, that’s it. Nice andsimple, noth<strong>in</strong>g too expressive, noth<strong>in</strong>g too committal,noth<strong>in</strong>g out of the ord<strong>in</strong>ary.Liv<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> Tokyo, especially whenever I am out andabout <strong>in</strong> the ‘big, bad’ metropolis, I feel like my soul isredundant. Never is it engaged, never will it be required<strong>in</strong> order to navigate through my daily existence <strong>in</strong> this‘material utopia.’ I only need to be armed with a ret<strong>in</strong>ueof small gestures, such as nods, rais<strong>in</strong>g of the hands,small bows, stiffen<strong>in</strong>g the body when someone takes aseat next to me or enters a cramped lift next to me, etcetera.In fact, hav<strong>in</strong>g my soul fully engaged on a daily basiswould often leave me mentally exhausted, overwhelmed,confused or depressed, so much so that it made moresense to shut off my sense of feel<strong>in</strong>g and cease engag<strong>in</strong>gmy soul when it was not <strong>in</strong> any way necessary orrequired.After awhile, the soul, feel<strong>in</strong>g so neglected and divestedof <strong>in</strong>terest, will gravitate towards items of materialpleasure, seek<strong>in</strong>g out someth<strong>in</strong>g nice to eat, some visualstimuli to consume or distract, a cool product to own,a new piece of cosmetic tool, a cloth<strong>in</strong>g statement, astylish place to be seen, a TV program to collectivelyhave half-hearted laughter with, an accessory that ‘fits’one’s image of oneself; oh, the possibilities go on andon and on.And so I became more and more of an isolated creature<strong>in</strong> deep hunger for some compassion and some sense ofwarmth amongst people, f<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g satiation only <strong>in</strong> thetemporary release of material pleasure and comforts.Much Ado about Noth<strong>in</strong>gTill today, I have not been able to make my Japanesefriends truly understand what I had been go<strong>in</strong>g through<strong>in</strong> Japan. They all kept echo<strong>in</strong>g the same declaration of<strong>in</strong>credulity, “But you have a Japanese wife with you!”I realize now that, <strong>in</strong> their eyes, I was more thanprivileged <strong>in</strong> my own situation. A spouse was <strong>in</strong> fact theonly person one could appropriately share one’s burdenwith, <strong>in</strong> pr<strong>in</strong>ciple. Not your friends, not even your bestfriends on most occasions, nor colleagues, nor one’srelatives, nor even one’s parents at times (depend<strong>in</strong>g onhow welcom<strong>in</strong>g they are, <strong>in</strong> fact).For myself, as a Malay, a sense of compassion amongst alarger group or network of social allies is essential to ourgood state of m<strong>in</strong>d, confidence and well-be<strong>in</strong>g.When my father passed away last year, I was touchedto see even long-f<strong>org</strong>otten friends and former workcolleagues show will<strong>in</strong>gness to come out of their wayto attend my father’s funeral, even though they hadnever met him. It was simply a genu<strong>in</strong>e, and strong,expression of regard, support and compassion for theirfellow brethren, even from amongst non-Malay andnon-Muslim friends and colleagues.Even some total strangers who had known my fathercame and approached me, open<strong>in</strong>g up to me, express<strong>in</strong>gtheir deep and genu<strong>in</strong>e sympathy for me, sometimeseven struggl<strong>in</strong>g to hold back the tears <strong>in</strong> front of me.These are but a handful of examples of how we often stepup to the plate and offer some gesture of compassionand love to soothe those we see <strong>in</strong> need, even when notcalled for and even when with strangers.I was saddened by the fact that hardly any of my Japanesefriends knew what to say to me (assum<strong>in</strong>g that theyeven wanted to say anyth<strong>in</strong>g to me) with regards to theloss of my father. Perhaps I cannot really judge them;perhaps it is not someth<strong>in</strong>g that they even knew how torespond to appropriately. Perhaps it is not someth<strong>in</strong>gthey would even br<strong>in</strong>g up with a friend, <strong>in</strong> the mannerthat I did to them.<strong>Asian</strong> <strong>Transformations</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Action</strong>The Work of the 2006/2007 API Fellows
182 SPECIFICITIES OF GLOBALIZATIONAt the end of the day, the saddened honne (true feel<strong>in</strong>gsprivately held) always rema<strong>in</strong> locked away from publiceye, and the appropriate tatemae (public face) is all thatmatters with<strong>in</strong> the sphere of social <strong>in</strong>teraction. Noamount of compulsion for n<strong>in</strong>jo, or a sense of emotionor compassion, could ever override the <strong>in</strong>contestabledemands of the giri code of conduct—the obligation tothe group and community.Even though I may seem fortunate to at least have aJapanese wife to help me deal with all these problems,<strong>in</strong> fact, it was harder to deal with for that very reason.Because I have a Japanese wife, I was expected by everyoneelse to already know and understand comprehensivelymy way around the giri and the tatemae.To her credit, my wife had <strong>in</strong>deed been try<strong>in</strong>g to helpme understand these rules and values of Japanese life.But what if I did not wish to, or did not agree to someof it, or if it was so much and too much aga<strong>in</strong>st myown moral persuasion, my own moral code, my ownsensibilities?It is <strong>in</strong> fact really impossible for me to <strong>in</strong>corporate theserules and values without abdicat<strong>in</strong>g my own pr<strong>in</strong>ciplesand convictions without dim<strong>in</strong>ish<strong>in</strong>g my own culturaland moral identity. What is the po<strong>in</strong>t then <strong>in</strong> me be<strong>in</strong>gwho I am, to come here and <strong>in</strong>vestigate this society?My envy for my wife’s natural ability to adjust to theserequirements made me feel alienated from her. It allseemed so easy for her. Time and aga<strong>in</strong>, I found myselffeel<strong>in</strong>g isolated and misunderstood, and feel<strong>in</strong>g lessthan human with<strong>in</strong> this society.Would North Be True?I lost my father on April 4 th , 2007 just seven weeksafter receiv<strong>in</strong>g news that he had been diagnosed withadvanced pancreatic cancer. I still cannot write thiswithout tears fall<strong>in</strong>g down around me. It never getseasier. You just learn to sidestep those th<strong>in</strong>gs you knowwill trigger it. But to avoid the tears is to avoid everth<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g about it, to avoid feel<strong>in</strong>g someth<strong>in</strong>g real aboutwhat it meant, or how it was, or where I am now. Andthe feel<strong>in</strong>g is so raw.Lately, I have been remember<strong>in</strong>g a song that the s<strong>in</strong>gersongwriter,St<strong>in</strong>g, wrote <strong>in</strong> com<strong>in</strong>g to terms with thedeath of his own father. I f<strong>in</strong>d myself hang<strong>in</strong>g on tothe words to this song because I cannot myself seem tof<strong>in</strong>d my very own words. They just seem to melt awayevery time.The Deep Blue Sea of Mean<strong>in</strong>glessnessMuch of everyth<strong>in</strong>g else after that rema<strong>in</strong>s a blur fromwhere I stand now. I cannot see back <strong>in</strong>to that partof history without the ra<strong>in</strong> of the year that has passedwell<strong>in</strong>g up upon my eyes aga<strong>in</strong>.All I know is that I did try to give myself some timeoff and rema<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> Kuala Lumpur for a few moreweeks than orig<strong>in</strong>ally planned. But I soon found myselfstruggl<strong>in</strong>g to conta<strong>in</strong> my remorse. And so I decided toplunge myself <strong>in</strong>to work and obligations there for acouple of weeks. Upon return<strong>in</strong>g to Tokyo, I carried onvery much <strong>in</strong> similar ve<strong>in</strong>.Suddenly, one day, just one pla<strong>in</strong> and not-so-dramaticday, I found that I could not construct any sense ofmean<strong>in</strong>g for whatever th<strong>in</strong>g I had set out to do. Noth<strong>in</strong>ghad mean<strong>in</strong>g anymore. No desire, no mean<strong>in</strong>g. I couldnot carry on.I kept try<strong>in</strong>g. I kept try<strong>in</strong>g to deny with<strong>in</strong> myself thatwhich I was feel<strong>in</strong>g, or rather that state of unfeel<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>itself. I tried to force myself to keep go<strong>in</strong>g, to keep onpush<strong>in</strong>g. I felt that this was simply too <strong>in</strong>dulgent a th<strong>in</strong>gfor me to do, too much of an escapist’s solution to mytroubles for my lik<strong>in</strong>g.But noth<strong>in</strong>g mattered anymore.And all my work ground to a halt.Ramadhan had arrived just <strong>in</strong> the nick of time. I turnedto my religion for refuge and shelter.Started read<strong>in</strong>g the Qur’an aga<strong>in</strong>. Chapter by chapter.Day after day. Night after night.It helped me stabilize myself emotionally and spiritually,but I could only f<strong>in</strong>d peace and calm with<strong>in</strong> my home,or at best with<strong>in</strong> the local area that I lived <strong>in</strong>.I could not br<strong>in</strong>g myself to go out and meet people,whether work<strong>in</strong>g colleagues, old friends or people I hadto get <strong>in</strong> touch with for my work.It was a strange, strange feel<strong>in</strong>g for me. I have hadanti-social tendencies before, and have always had adis<strong>in</strong>cl<strong>in</strong>ation towards socializ<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> groups larger thantwo. But this time it was very different.I felt a deep irreplaceable, irretrievable hollowness with<strong>in</strong>me. I could not even beg<strong>in</strong> to reason myself <strong>in</strong>to meet<strong>in</strong>gpeople, even when I had <strong>in</strong>itiated them myself, or evenwhen I knew I was socially obligated to meet them.<strong>Asian</strong> <strong>Transformations</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Action</strong>The Work of the 2006/2007 API Fellows
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Asian Transformations in ActionThe
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iiiCONTENTSAbout the BookAcknowledg
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V. APPENDICESCultivation of Transfo
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The Regional Project, entitled “C
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ixTHE CONTRIBUTORS(in alphabetical
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MYFEL JOSEPH PALUGA is a faculty me
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xiiiare common to nations around th
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xvsilence maintained by academe on
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xviiIt is reasonable and necessary,
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xixOVERVIEWCzarina Saloma-Akpedonu,
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xxiiiABOUT THE WORKSHOPThe 6 th API
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233Day 3, Tuesday, 27 November 2007
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JOSIE M. FERNANDEZExecutive Council
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237MARY RACELISProfessorial Lecture
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239NAPAT TANGAPIWUTInstitute of Asi
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Persistent problems, promising solu
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Blurred borders and social integrat
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the basis of local identity and exa
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a certain Western perspective while
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strategy found their way into a bus