Asian Transformations in Action - Api-fellowships.org

14CIRCLES OF POWER AND COUNTERBALANCESleads to the enactment of the Freedom of InformationAct. In other words, pro-liberal movements succeedwhen more people face authoritative control and anineffective deliberative framework.We may be able to think of another way than astraightforward liberalization, which may follow sucha gloomy development. For example, broadeningand deepening the deliberation processes and gradualinstitutional reform through deliberation amongvarious actors may be realistic, as is exemplified by theBar Council’s successful effort for legal reform throughdeliberation with the government, which resulted in anamendment to the Legal Profession Act in 2003.NOTES1The original OSA was enacted in 1972.REFERENCESBooks and articlesAbdul Rahman Embong. State-led Modernization and the NewMiddle Class in Malaysia. New York: Palgrave, 2002.Case, William. “Semi-Democracy in Malaysia: Withstandingthe Pressures for Regime Change.” Pacific Affairs 66.2 (1993):183-205.Crouch, Harold. Government and Society in Malaysia. Ithaca:Cornell University Press, 1996.Jomo, K.S. Beyond 1990: Considerations for a New NationalDevelopment Strategy. Kuala Lumpur: Institute of AdvancedStudies, University of Malaya, 1989.________. U-Turn? Malaysian Economic Development Policyafter 1990. Townsville: James Cook University of NorthQueensland, 1994.Kok Wee Kiat, Ling Liong Sik, Fong Chan Onn, Chua JuiMeng, and Michael Yeoh. The Malaysian Challenges in the1990s—Strategies for Growth and Development, Selangor:Pelanduk Publications, MCA, 1990.Kua Kia Soong. Ed. Framework for an Alternative MalaysianEconomic Policy. Kuala Lumpur: The Resource and ResearchCentre, Selangor Chinese Assembly Hall, 1990.Means, Gordon. “Soft Authoritarianism in Malaysia andSingapore.” Journal of Democracy 7.1 (1996): 103-17.Ottaway, Marina. Democracy Challenged. Washington:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2003.Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (PGRM). NEP Selepas 1990?The National Economic Policy-1990 and Beyond. Pulau Pinang:Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia, 1984.Weiss, Meredith. Protest and Possibilities: Civil Society andCoalitions for Political Change in Malaysia. Stanford: StanfordUniversity Press, 2006.Government publicationsPenyata Rasmi Parlimen Dewan Rakyat (PRPDR). December5, 1986.National Economic Consultative Council (NECC). LaporanMajlis Perundingan Ekonomi Negara, 1991.Malaysia, The Second Outline Perspective Plan 1991-2000,1991 (OPP II).Conference speeches and papersFong Chan Onn. “NECC Report and the NDP: Reflectionsof Multi-Ethnic Understanding?” MCA National Seminar onNECC & NDAP. 25 August 1991, Kuala Lumpur.Yeoh Poh Seng. Ed. “A Review of the Third BumiputeraEconomic Congress Resolutions and Their Implications onFuture Policy Formulation.” Report of Malaysian ChineseEconomic Congress. 18-19 August 1992 , Kuala Lumpur.Mahathir Mohamad. “The Way Forward.” February 28,1991. Malaysian Business Council.Mohd. Ramli Kushairi. “New Directions for the Post-1990Economic Policy.” National Chamber of Commerce &Industry of Malaysia and Malaysian Institute of EconomicResearch. National Conference on Post-1990 EconomicPolicy: New Directions for Post-1990 Economic Policy. 31 stJuly - 1 st August, 1989, Kuala Lumpur.Newspapers and magazinesNanyang Siang Pau: 26 November 1986; 16 December 1986;12 September 1988; 26 November 1988New Straits Times: 8, 10, 17, 18, 23, 25, 28, 29 March 1986;28, 29, 31 October 1986; 4, 7, 8, 10, 13, 14, 17, 19, 20, 22,23, 25, 26 November 1986; 4, 8, 10, 12, 22 December 1986;2, 3, 4, 5 April 1986; 22, 23 April 1987; 29 October 1988;27 July 1989; 5 February 1990; 27 August 1992; 4 October1992; 15 January 2000Asian Transformations in ActionThe Work of the 2006/2007 API Fellows