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PERSISTENT PROBLEMS, PROMISING SOLUTIONS AND BENEFICENCE33farming of coffee, which is carried out through subak,the village cooperative. The village is also a watercatchment area, where the underground water forms ariver which flows down to Southern Bali. “We have strictrules on the conservation of bamboo planted from thetime of our ancestors,” emphasizes Pak Juta, the villagehead. Bamboo prevents erosion; hence, indiscriminateharvesting of bamboo is not permitted.Category 5: Advocacy philanthropy“The notion that philanthropy, to retain itscharacter, must remain non-controversial representsa fundamental misunderstanding of the institution,which not only prevents its historical development, butalso destroys its essential values. The most traditional ofcharitable purposes ordinarily require the acquisition,development and dissemination of information andideas and they are not rendered the less charitablebecause such information or ideas are disputable anddisputed.” (Albert M. Sachs in Rabinowitz 1990)The critical role of institutions in the developmentof policies, advocacy for social justice and equity andsystemic change require philanthropic support. Thewords of Albert M. Sachs affirm this.• Transparency International IndonesiaTransparency International Indonesia (TII) is a civilsociety organization established in October 2000 as partof global efforts to eliminate corruption and promotetransparency and accountability in government, businessand civil society. It is governed through voluntaryassociation by a Board of Directors and a SupervisoryBoard. TII’s projects extend to seventeen regions whereit has regional and field offices.TII’s main strategic programs and projects focus onadvocacy, policy changes and public education. Researchand capacity building for communities, governmentofficials and businesses on issues related to corruption aresome of its priorities. Corruption Perception Surveys inthirty-two cities in Indonesia are an important tool forpolicy advocacy and public education. Building islandsof integrity through Integrity Pacts is another strategicintervention in the battle against corruption. Otherareas of work are political party financing, tax reforms,CSR, extractive industries and tax reforms. Publicationsof research findings and guidebooks strengthen TII’sadvocacy and capacity building activities. A major TIIproject is the monitoring of the rehabilitation of Acehfollowing the devastation of it in the Asian tsunami.“One organization alone cannot fight deep-rootedcorruption. Coalition building is important,” says RizalMalik. TII participates actively in several coalitionsstriving for policy reforms for greater transparency andaccountability in government and business to achievesocial justice, a central element in achieving sustainabledevelopment.Category 6: Philanthropy-support organizationsResearch institutions and associations play effectiveroles in the growth of indigenous philanthropy andthe quality of philanthropic efforts. In Indonesia, thePublic Interest Research and Advocacy Center andthe Center for the Study of Religion and Culture atUniversiti Islam Negara have undertaken surveys andstudies on patterns of giving in Indonesia and on wellknown indigenous philanthropy institutions.The recently established Philanthropy Associationof Indonesia likewise undertakes research, advocatesfor policies to spur growth in the philanthropy fieldand promotes national, regional and internationalnetworking.The Asia Pacific office for the UN MillenniumDevelopment Goals (MDG) at the United NationsDevelopment Programme in Jakarta is also pivotal increating awareness on CSR and the need for Indonesiato achieve the goals by 2015.ConclusionThis paper attempts to bring a better understandingof the pluriformity of philanthropy in the modernera in Indonesia, the most populous Islamic nation inthe world. The philanthropic institutions examinedin the study are transforming charity, rooted inreligious, cosmological and community values, intosocial investments such as the eradication of poverty,education, advocacy, environmental protection andsustainable development. Corporate philanthropyis likewise emerging as an important contributor todevelopment in Indonesia. However, there are manychallenges to the institutionalization of philanthropy.These are:• Transforming and creating more professionallymanagedphilanthropic institutions to enhancegiving and serving;• Finding solutions to prevent the loss of landto development and the loss of communitiesthat sustain traditional and cultural forms ofphilanthropy;• Confronting perceptions on the purpose ofAsian Transformations in ActionThe Work of the 2006/2007 API Fellows
34 PERSISTENT PROBLEMS, PROMISING SOLUTIONS AND BENEFICENCEIslamic philanthropy to remove misunderstandingon the role of pesantrens (e.g., that they are notbreeding grounds for terrorism as depicted in theWestern media);• Achieving the MDGs for Indonesia by 2015with support from philanthropic foundations forpoverty alleviation programs;• Mobilizing support for advocacy for socialjustice from corporate philanthropic foundationsis crucial for strengthening civil society;• Preventing money laundering throughphilanthropy to reduce corruption;• Addressing the threats to pluralism, liberalismand secularism through philanthropic support;• Sourcing support for research oncosmological philanthropic practices in Bali fora better understanding of the pluriformity ofphilanthropy;• Creating information channels for networkingbetween grant-making foundations and indigenousphilanthropy organizations;• Developing policies (e.g. on taxation) to spur thegrowth of philanthropic institutions; and• Harnessing pluralism in philanthropy forstrengthening democracy, tolerance, peace andsustainability in Asia.These challenges raise questions that I hope otherscholars will pursue more fully.REFERENCESAnonymous. Muslim Philanthropy. Potential and Reality ofZakat in Indonesia. Jakarta: Piramedia, 2005. (Survey Resultsin Ten Cities)Agung Prihatna, Andy, et al. Caring and Sharing, Pattern ofGiving in Indonesian Society. Piramedia, 2005. (Results of aSurvey in Eleven Cities: 2000 and 2004)Bamualim, Chaider, Scott Cheyne, Dick van der Meij andIrfan Abubakar. Islamic Philanthropy & Social Development.Jakarta: Center for Study of Religion and Culture (CSRC),State Islamic University, 2006.Jakarta Post, February, 2007Josie M. F and Abdul Rahim Ibrahim. A Giving Society? TheState of Philanthropy in Malaysia. Penang: Penerbit UniversitiSains Malaysia, 2002Rabinowitz, Alan. Social Change Philanthropy in America.Westport, CT: Quorum Books, 1990.Saidi, Zaim. Social Justice Philanthropy in Indonesia. Jakarta:Piramedia, 2006.Warren, Carol. Adat and Dinas: Balinese Communities in theIndonesian State. Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1995.Yayasan Kehati and Institut Riset Sosial dan Ekonomi(INRISE). Pola Interaski Kedermawanan Sosial KelompokParokial dan Kategorial Keuskupan Agung Jakarta danKeuskapan Agung Semarang. Jakarta: Yayasan Kehati andINRISE, 2006.In addition to the above references, the followingworks were consulted in the preparation of thispaperAzyumardi Azra. Berderma Untuk Semua. Jakarta: PenerbitTERAJU, 2003.Faisal, Budi. Decentralization and Spatial Planning in Indonesia(Phd.Thesis). University of Melbourne, 2003.Eiseman, Fred, Jr. Bali. Sekala and Niskala. Indonesia:Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd., 2004.Hefner, Robert W. Civil Islam. Muslims and Democratizationin Indonesia. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2000.Ilchman, Warren F., et al. Philanthropy in the World’sTraditions. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1998.Kurnianingsih, Ambarwati. Jaringan Ekowisata Desa:Tradisionalisasi Dirforang Bali di Tengah Modernisasi (Thesis).Universitas Gajah Mada Yogyakarta, 2004.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSI am grateful to the following individuals who gave andassisted with interviews, provided materials and assistanceduring my stay in Indonesia:H. E. Erna Witoler, UN Ambassador for MDGs in Asia /Pacific, Board Member, Philanthropy Association ofIndonesiaZaim Saidi, Director, Public Interest Research and AdvocacyCenterRika Anggarani, Board Member, Philanthropy Association ofIndonesiaTimothy Lesmana, Executive Director, Eka TjiptaFoundationAsian Transformations in ActionThe Work of the 2006/2007 API Fellows
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iiiCONTENTSAbout the BookAcknowledg
Page 5 and 6: V. APPENDICESCultivation of Transfo
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JOSIE M. FERNANDEZExecutive Council
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