Islamic Philosophy from Its Origin to the Present: Philosophy in the ...

290 Notes to Chapter 2
34. For a discussion of this matter from somewhat a different view, see
Max Massimo Campanini, “al-Ghazål¥,” in Nasr and Leaman, History of Philosophy,
pp. 258–74.
35. See Max Horten, Die philosophischen Ansichten von Råz¥ und T¶s¥ (Bonn:
P. Hanstein, 1910); S. H. Nasr, “Fakhr al-D¥n Råz¥,” in The Islamic Intellectual
Tradition in Persia, pp. 107–1221; also Louis Gardet and M. M. Anawati, Introduction
à la théologie musulmane, vol. 1 (Paris: Vrin, 1948). One must mention
also the criticism by the Ash‘arite theologian al-Shahrastån¥ of Ibn S¥nå in his
Kitåb al-mu„åra‘ah (The Book of Struggle). His criticism is, however, also on the
basis of certain Ismå‘¥l¥ doctrines and not Ash‘arite kalåm. See Muhammad
‘Abd al-Kar¥m al- Shahrastån¥, Struggling with the Philosopher: A Refutation of
Avicenna’s Metaphysics, ed. and trans. Wilfred Madelung and Toby Mayer
(London: I.B. Tauris, 2001).
36. This did not mean that members of this group did not in turn criticize
rationalistic philosophy.
37. See my “The Relation between Sufism and Philosophy in Persian
Culture,” Hamdard Islamicus, vol. 6, no. 4 (winter 1983), pp. 33–47.
38. One day a full study must be made of the relation between Sufism
and falsafah throughout the whole of the Islamic intellectual tradition. For a
summary treatment of this subject see S. H. Nasr, “Introduction to the Mystical
Tradition,” in Nasr and Leaman (eds.), History of Philosophy, pp. 367–73.
39. On the positive role accorded by R¨m¥ to the Intellect and correct
thought in contrast to rationalism and thought veiled by the passions and the
type of philosophy that he criticizes see Jalål Humå˘¥, Mawlaw¥ cha m¥g¶yad,
vol. 2 (Tehran: Shawrå-yi ‘≈l¥-yi Farhang wa Hunar, 1956), pp. 686ff., 946ff.
40. The Mathnawi, trans. R. A. Nicholson (London: Luzac), vol. 2, p. 115
(with some modification).
41. Quoted by Jawåd Mu∑li± in his Falsafa-yi ‘ål¥ yå ¡ikmat-i S.adr almuta˘allih¥n
(Tehran: Tehran University Press, 1377 [A.H. lunar]), pp. yz–y±.
42. Referring to the Quranic story of Joseph.
43. Mu∑li±, op. cit., p. y±. The same type of debate can also be found in
the annals of Arabic literature.
44. See S. H. Nasr, Three Muslim Sages, chapter 1.
45. See S. Pines, “Quelques tendances antipéripatéticiennes de la pensée
scientifique islamique,” Thalès, vol. 4, 1940, pp. 210–20.
46. We have dealt more fully with this subject in the introduction to
Science and Civilization in Islam.
47. See S. H. Nasr, Sufi Essays (Chicago: ABC International, 1999), pp. 123ff.