Islamic Philosophy from Its Origin to the Present: Philosophy in the ...

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philosophy in, 117, 155, 156, 157, 183, 255, 304n; Mamluk, 212; revival of Islamic philosophy in, 108; works of Islamic philosophy from, 107 Eighth/Fourteenth Century: School of Shiraz in, 194 El-Ahwany, Fu˘åd, 18 Eleventh Intellect, 200 Eliade, Mircea, 338n3 Elucidation concerning the Principles of Religion (al-Ash‘ar¥), 125 emotion: reason and, 102 Empedocles, 4, 150, 281n1, 303n9, 311n52 empiricism, 263 Enneads (Plotinus), 137, 218 Enoch, 281n9 Epimenides, 2 epistemology, 2, 141, 159, 161, 232, 251, 253, 262, 303n13; angelology and, 229 Erigena, 265 eschatology, 6, 231, 318n37; sacred psychology and, 229, 230 esoterism: Islamic, 40 Eternal Wisdom (Ibn Musk¨yah), 139 Ethics, 116, 144, 198, 199, 200; philosophical, 139, 187, 198; rational, 123 Euclid, 165, 170, 314n3 Europe: histories of Islamic philosophy in, 165 evolution, 267, 268; Darwinian, 231 evolutionism, 271 existence, 67, 293n1; of all accidents, 69, 70; death and, 90; distinct from quiddity, 141; external, 70; giver of, 90; of individual man, 90; inner discipline and, 90; levels of, 64; meaning of, 90; mental, 68, 70, 321n; nuances of meaning in, 67; principiality of, 87; quiddity and, 70, 175; spiritual experience of, 91; universal, 90 existentialism, 19, 90, 271 Index 351 existentiation: expansive mode of wuj¶d and, 82 faith: harmonization with reason, 115; meaning of, 122, 123; practice and, 123; reason and, 93; test of, 124 Fakhr al-D¥n al-Råz¥. See Råz¥, Fakhr al-D¥n Fakhr al-D¥n As‘ad Gurgån¥. See Gurgån¥, Fakhr al-D¥n As‘ad Fakhr al-D¥n Marågh¥. See Marågh¥, Fakhr al-D¥n Fakhry, Majid, 18, 23, 28, 307n7, 322n28 Fåkh¨r¥, ¡annå al-, 26 Faƒl al-maqål (The Decisive Treatise), 23, 115 falåsifah, 38, 292n6; truth for, 43. See also faylas¶f Falå†¨r¥, Jawåd, 19, 278 falsafah, 13, 14, 26, 31, 32, 33, 35, 108, 119, 169, 282n1; banning of teaching of, 44; ceases to exist in western lands of Islam, 45; concern with science, 42; criticism of, 40, 41; in development of intellectual sciences, 42; opposition to, 38; opposition to kalåm, 50; in post-Ibn Rushdian phase of philosophy, 44, 45; reciprocal influence with kalåm, 49; role in eastern lands of Islam, 45, 46; role in tools of analysis, logic, and rational inquiry, 42; struggle with kalåm, 43; study in Cairo, 60; truth as one for, 43; in the universities, 44; waning of, 44 falsafah maz.n¶nah, 36 falsafah yaq¥niyyah, 36 falsafat al-islåmiyyah, al-, 33 Fanår¥, Shams al-D¥n al-, 45 Fann al-samå‘ al-†ab¥‘¥, 177 Fåråb¥, Ab¨ Na∑r al-, 36, 42, 63, 64, 74, 86, 138, 139, 152, 156, 157, 159, 186, 194, 213, 225, 288n20, 308n21,
352 Index Fåråb¥, Ab¨ Na∑r al- (continued) 309n24; commentaries on Aristotle, 138; discusses wuj¶d and måhiyyah; as father of formal logic in Islamic world, 110; as founder of Peripatetic school, 110; founding of Islamic political philosophy by, 138; interest in music, 138; scientific teaching of, 138; as “Second Teacher,” 138; as successor to al-Kind¥, 110, 137; systematization of emanation scheme of ten intellects from the One by, 110; works on Plato and Aristotle, 110; treatise on the intellect, 98 Farangi Mahall, 44; Islamic philosophy in, 183 Far East: metaphysics, 17 Fars: Atåbakån rulers of, 193 Fårs¥, Sayyid Muslim, 196 fåsiq¶n, 122 fatå/jawån, 2 Fat± ‘Al¥ Shah, 237 Få†imid period: Islamic philosophy in Egypt, 183 Få†imids, 44, 112, 147 Fawz¥ al-Najjår. See Najjår, Fawz¥ Fay∂ Kåshån¥, Mullå Mu±s¥n. See Kåshån¥, Mullå Mu±sin Fay∂ fay¿ al-muqaddas, al-, 90 faylas¶f, 50, 177. See also falsåsifah Fazlur Rahman. See Rahman, Fazlur fedeli d˘amore, 151 Fifth/Eleventh Century: continuation of school of Ibn S¥nå during, 169 Fifth/Sixth Century: Islamic philosophy in Andalusia, 183 F¥ ÷aq¥qat al-‘ishq (On the Reality of Love), 158 Fi˘l-‘aql (On the Intellect), 109 Fi˘l-falsafat al-¶lå (On Metaphysics), 109, 137 F¥ måqåmåt al-‘årif¥n (On the Stations of the Gnostics), 201 Findirisk¥, M¥r Ab¨˘l-Qåsim, 37, 216–218, 287n9 fiqh: rivalries of, 55 Fiqh al-akbar (The Great Knowledge), 121 First Intellect, 141, 148, 149 “First Originated,” 148 Fitzgerald, Edward, 166, 167, 182, 314n1 Five Divine Presences, 90 Flashes of Illumination concerning Ethical Virtues (Dawån¥), 198 Forms of Brightness concerning the Temples of Light (Dawån¥), 199 Forouzanfar, Bad¥‘ al-Zamån, 314n5 Foundations of Acquiring Knowledge (al-apple¨s¥), 187 Four Articles (Samarqand¥), 166 Fourier, Charles, 269 The Four Journeys (Mullå S.adrå), 22, 53, 55, 65, 79, 88, 117, 203, 224, 228 The Four Journeys (Mullå Shamså G¥lån¥), 219 The Four Journeys (Shams al-D¥n Khafr¥), 203 Fourth/Sixth Century: Islamic philosophy in Khurasan, 183 France, 242; philosophical traditions, 20 Frank, Richard, 306n2 Frederick II (Emperor), 156 Fu˘ad Sezgin. See Sezgin, Fu˘ad F¨lådwand, Mu±ammad Mahd¥, 315n9 fundamentalism, 270 Fur¨gh¥, Mu±ammad ‘Al¥, 253 Futu÷åt al-makkiyyah, al- (Mekkan Illuminations), 228 futuwwah, 2 Fuƒ¶ƒ al-÷ikmah (Bezels of Wisdom), 64, 138 Gabriel (Archangel), 7, 96, 137 Galen, 25 Gardet, Louis, 15, 17, 50, 286n6, 290n35, 302n7
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Islamic Philosophy from its Origin
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SUNY series in Islam Seyyed Hossein
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Published by State University of Ne
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Contents Preface ix Transliteration
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Contents ix Preface This book is th
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Introduction Philosophy and Prophec
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Introduction 3 Parmenides was assoc
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Introduction 5 phers but is again t
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Introduction 7 ern sciences and bec
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Introduction 9 gradually the main s
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CHAPTER 1 The Study of Islamic Phil
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The Study of Islamic Philosophy in
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CHAPTER 2 The Meaning and Role of P
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The Meaning and Role of Philosophy
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50 Part 1: Islamic Philosophy and I
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CHAPTER 4 The Question of Existence
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The Question of Existence and Quidd
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CHAPTER 5 Post-Avicennan Islamic Ph
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Post-Avicennan Islamic Philosophy 8
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94 Part 2: Philosophical Issues (
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96 Part 2: Philosophical Issues tha
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98 Part 2: Philosophical Issues fro
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100 Part 2: Philosophical Issues kn
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102 Part 2: Philosophical Issues No
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PART 3 Islamic Philosophy in Histor
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108 Part 3: Islamic Philosophy in H
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CHAPTER 9 The Poet-Scientist ‘Uma
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The Poet-Scientist ‘Umar Khayyåm
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CHAPTER 11 The School of Isfahan Re
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The School of Isfahan Revisited 211
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CHAPTER 13 From the School of Isfah
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From the School of Isfahan to the S
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PART 4 The Current Situation
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260 Part 4: The Current Situation I
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262 Part 4: The Current Situation h
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264 Part 4: The Current Situation d
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266 Part 4: The Current Situation o
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CHAPTER 15 Philosophy in the Land o
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Philosophy in the Land of Prophecy
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Notes INTRODUCTION 1. One should re
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Notes to Chapter 1 283 4. In order
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Notes to Chapter 1 285 equate, espe
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Notes to Chapter 2 287 appeler Får
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23. Raså˘il (Cairo: al-Ma†ba‘
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Notes to Chapter 3 291 48. Unfortun
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Notes to Chapter 4 293 founder of t
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Notes to Chapter 4 295 period in se
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29. In one of the best known verses
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Notes to Chapter 5 299 were opened
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Page 390 and 391: wa÷dat al-shuh¶d, 76 wa÷dat al-w
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