Islamic Philosophy from Its Origin to the Present: Philosophy in the ...

Pakistan, 275; creation of center for
Islamic philosophy, 27–28; Islamic
texts from, 26; Jamå‘at Islam¥ in,
117; libraries in, 21; students
studying in the West from, 19
Pallis, Marco, 337n2
Palmer, G.E.H., 293n2
Pan¥påt¥, Niπåm al-D¥n, 216
Paraclete, 221
Parmenides, 2, 3, 4, 224, 229, 303n9
Partaw-nåmah (The Book of Radiance),
36
Pascal, Blaise, 261
Path of Eloquence (‘Ali ibn Ab¥
appleålib), 120
Pendleburg, David, 293n19
perfection: imitation of philosophers
and, 59
Peripatetic philosophy, 25, 35, 36,
38, 39, 42, 45, 46, 49, 50, 52, 53,
55, 80, 86, 87, 97, 100, 109–111;
founding of, 110; synthesis of
Islamic tenets in, 109
Persia, 204, 209, 283n5, 320n14; al-
÷ikmat al-ilåhiyyah in, 60; Ash‘arite
teachings in, 127; Christian
missionaries in, 220; conditions in,
140; conquered by Safavids, 200;
effect of ≈mul¥ on philosophy in,
87; integration of ÷ikmah and
kalåm in, 51; intellectual sciences
in, 44; Islamic philosophy in, 26,
28, 155, 158, 160, 162, 163, 190,
192, 194; Ismå‘¥l¥ philosophy in,
146; Ismå‘¥l¥ power in, 112; Marw¥
School in, 237; Mongol invasion
of, 8; Pahlavi period in, 247, 251,
254, 276; philosophical activities
in, 116, 169; philosophical
traditions in, 236, 255; Qajar
period in, 237, 238, 247, 251, 252;
rapport beween falsafah and
religion in, 43; religious atmosphere
in, 235; revival of Islamic
philosophy in, 108; role of falsafah
in, 45, 46; Safavid dynasty in, 116;
Index 367
School of Illumination in, 116;
School of Isfahan in, 87; Seljuq
rule in, 168; teaching of falsafah
in, 44; Zand period, 251
Persian: philosophical texts translated,
22; poets, 39; rise of as a
major philosophical language of
Islam (See Nå∑ir-i Khusraw);
sages, 79; Sufism, 182
pharmacology, 200
phenomenology, 19
Philoponus, John, 215, 326n14
philosophia perennis, 20, 21, 40, 112,
139, 279, 283n8, 303n9
philosophia priscorium, 158
The Philosophical Way of Life (al-
Råz¥), 33, 144
Philosophos Autodidactus (Ibn appleufayl),
114, 153
philosophy: Almeria school, 150;
American, 9; analytical, 19, 253;
Andalusian, 150; Anglo-Saxon, 7,
19, 253; anti-Peripatetic, 145;
Arabic, 25, 285n21; argumentative,
99; Aristotelian, 64, 98, 140; of art,
118; authentic, 273–280;
Avicennan, 112, 113, 115, 158,
163, 169, 177, 183, 187, 192, 214,
216, 219, 220, 245; in Azarbaijan,
185–193; of being, 88, 226, 227;
Cartesian, 253; Christian, 33, 63,
85, 94, 110, 141, 215, 273, 279;
contemporary, 266; Continental,
181; discursive, 85; early Peripatetic,
136–141; eastern mashshå˘¥,
152; European, 241, 269; of
existence, 89; Greco-Alexandrian,
108, 120, 137; Greek, 6, 108, 146,
214, 215, 303n9; harmonization
with spirituality, 158; Hegelian,
253; Hermetico-Pythagorean, 145–
150; Hindu, 112, 144, 216, 274; of
history, 157, 313n65;
illuminationist, 97, 100, 142;
intuitive, 85, 99; ishråq¥, 159, 160–
162, 211; Isma‘¥l¥, 81, 108, 111,