School of kalåm School of mashshå˘, 117 School of Qom, 252 School of Shiraz, 189, 190, 192, 193– 195, 200, 203, 209, 212, 225, 254, 320n17; rise of <strong>Islamic</strong> philosophy <strong>in</strong> India and, 204–207 School of Tehran, 235–256, 259, 275; beg<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>gs, 237–239; four ÷ak¥ms and, 239–247; full establishment of, 239–247; Jilwah and, 245, 246; later period, 247–251; Mudarris <strong>in</strong>, 239–242; Qumsha˘¥ and, 242– 244; Sabziwår¥ and, 246; significance of, 251–256 School of Vajråyåna, 274 Schumacher, Ernst, 268, 339n6 Schuon, Frithjof, 20, 91, 274, 282n20, 283n8, 284n9, 286n1, 291n4, 293n2, 296n27, 300n4, 302n5, 303n9, 307n6, 318n35, 337n2 Schwarz, Michael, 307n7 science, 140, 193, 194, 261; applied, 214; Ch<strong>in</strong>ese, 43; classification of, 42, 308n22; div<strong>in</strong>e, 56, 59; esoteric, 44; of God, 132; “hidden,” 308n10; <strong>in</strong>tellectual, 35, 41, 46, 206, 207, 223, 224, 240; <strong>in</strong>teraction with <strong>Islamic</strong> culture, 42; <strong>Islamic</strong>, 35, 42, 43, 213, 214, 323n39; of logic, 42; ma<strong>the</strong>matical, 14, 199, 203, 212, 213; modern, 7, 130, 261, 262, 264, 265, 271, 339n6; natural, 13, 14, 196, 199; occult, 203; philosophical dimensions of, 108; philosophy of, 118, 305n6; physics, 171; Pla<strong>to</strong>nic, 263; pre-<strong>Islamic</strong>, 35, 42, 43; premodern, 261; pr<strong>in</strong>ciples sought <strong>in</strong> metaphysics, 177; proof <strong>in</strong>, 170; of Quranic commentary, 96; religious, 2–4, 38, 95, 96, 134, 135, 199, 207, 214, 232; supreme, 217; traditional, 262; transmitted, 42, 195, 205, 211, 223, 224, 240; Western, 47 scientia sacra, 35 Second Intellect, 141, 149 Index 373 The Secret Garden of Div<strong>in</strong>e Mysteries (Shabistar¥), 146, 190, 192 Secrets of Wisdom (Sabziwår¥), 238 secularism, 270, 271 Sédillot, Amélie, 165 Seiende, das, 89 Se<strong>in</strong>, das, 67, 89 Seljuq rule, 113, 168; rise of Ash‘arite power among, 44 semiotics, 20 Servier, Jean, 338n3 “Seven Cherubim,” 149 Seventh/Thirteenth Century: reappearance of School of Illum<strong>in</strong>ation, 160 Sezg<strong>in</strong>, F¨˘ad, 21 Shabistar, 190 Shabistar¥, Shaykh Ma±m¨d, 190, 192 Shådhil¥, Shaykh Ab¨˘l ¡asan al-, 76 Shåfiyah, al- (The Healer), 200 Shah appleåhir ibn Ra∂¥ al-D¥n, 203, 204 Shah Wal¥ Allåh, 293n19, 297n36 Shåhåbåd¥, M¥rzå Mu±ammad ‘Al¥, 239, 247 Shahrastån¥, Ab¨˘l-Fat± al-, 50, 113, 127, 146, 192 Shahrazur: <strong>Islamic</strong> philosophy <strong>in</strong>, 189 Shahraz¨r¥, Shams al-D¥n Mu±ammad, 24, 115–116, 139, 160, 188, 189,192, 211, 285n19 Shaikh, Saeed, 26 Shajarat al-ilåhiyyah, al- (The Div<strong>in</strong>e Tree), 211 Shamanic religions, 1 Shamså G¥lån¥, Mullå. See G¥lån¥, Mullå Shamså Shams al-D¥n al-Fanår¥. See Fanår¥, Shams al-D¥n Shams al-D¥n Khusrawshåh¥. See Khusrawshåh¥, Shams al-D¥n Shams al-D¥n Mu±amad ibn A±mad Khafr¥. See Khafr¥, Shams al-D¥n Mu±ammad ibn A±mad Shams al-D¥n Mu±ammad Shahraz¨r¥. See Shahraz¨r¥, Shams al-D¥n Mu±ammad
374 Index Shamsiyyah fi˘l-qawå‘id al-man†iqiyyah, al- (The Treatise Dedicated <strong>to</strong> Shams al-D¥n concern<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> Rules of Logic), 191 Sharajat al-ilåhiyyah, al- (The Div<strong>in</strong>e Tree), 189, 211 Sha‘rån¥, ‘Abd al-Wahhåb al-, 45 Sha‘rån¥, Ab¨˘l-¡asan, 276, 308n14 Shar÷ al-hidåyåh (Commentary upon <strong>the</strong> Guidance), 22 Shar÷ al-ishåråt (Commentary upon <strong>the</strong> Book of Directives and Remarks by Fakhy al-D¥n al- Råz¥), 169 Shar÷ al-ishåråt (Na∑¥r al-D¥n alapple¨s¥). See al-apple¨s¥ Shar÷ al-manz.¶mah (Commentary upon <strong>the</strong> Manz.¶mah of Sabziwår¥ ), 79, 238 Shar÷ al-mawåqif (Commentary upon <strong>the</strong> Stations), 128 Shar¥‘ah, al-, 31, 56, 57, 58, 122, 123, 135, 154, 271; begg<strong>in</strong>g assistance <strong>from</strong>, 59; <strong>in</strong>junctions of, 58 Sharif, Mian Mu±ammad, 18, 27–28, 277, 288n18 Shawå÷id al-rub¶biyyah, al- (Div<strong>in</strong>e Witnesses), 55, 88 Shawåkil al-h¶r f¥ shar÷ hayåkil al-n¶r (Forms of Brightness concern<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> Temples of Light), 199 Shawåriq al-ilhåm (Orients of Div<strong>in</strong>e Inspiration), 55, 59 Shawdh¥, Ab¨ ‘Abd Allåh al-, 155 Sherrard, Philip, 285n25 Shifå˘, al-, (Heal<strong>in</strong>g). See Kitåb al-shifå˘ Shihåb al-D¥n Suhrward¥. See Suhrward¥, Shihåb al-D¥n Shihåb¥, Ma±m¨d, 255 Shi‘ism (Ithnå-‘ashar¥ or Twelve- Imam), 37, 38, 40, 51, 97, 116, 128, 132, 133, 183, 187, 204, 210, 220, 292n16, 297n31, 308n14, 329n10; commentaries on Tajr¥d, 39; gnosis, 36, 146; (Ismå‘¥l¥ branch), 111; (Zayd¥), 122, 132, 133. See also Ismå‘¥lism Shiraz, 223 Sh¥råz¥, Jamål al-D¥n Ma±m¨d, 195, 205 Sh¥råz¥, Mawlånå Sayyid Qu†b al- D¥n Mu±ammad, 40 Sh¥råz¥, M¥r Fat± Allåh, 206, 207 Sh¥råz¥, Qu†b al-D¥n al-, 52, 65, 116, 160, 162, 188, 189, 191, 192, 195, 196, 199, 203, 240, 319n8 Sh¥råz¥, Raf¥‘ al-D¥n, 204 Sh¥råz¥, S.adr al-D¥n. See S.adrå, Mullå shuh¶d, 89 Si aƒl (Three Pr<strong>in</strong>ciples), 53 Siddiqi, Bakhtyar Husa<strong>in</strong>, 319n7 Siger of Brabant, 69 Sijistån¥, Ab¨ Sulaymån al-, 25, 110, 111, 139, 186, 190 Sijistån¥, Ab¨ Ya‘q¨b al-, 111, 146, 148, 227 Simnån¥, ‘Alå˘ al-Dawlah, 76 s<strong>in</strong>, 122 S<strong>in</strong>gapore, 277 Sipahsålår School, 251 S¥rat al-falsafiyyah, al- (The Philosophical Way of Life), 144 S. irå† al-mustaq¥m, al- (The Straight Path), 214 Sirh<strong>in</strong>d¥, Shaykh A±mad, 76 S. iwån al-÷ikmah (Vessel of Wisdom), 190 Sixth/Twelfth century: anti- P<strong>to</strong>lemaic astronomy <strong>in</strong>, 152; cosmology <strong>in</strong>, 152 skepticism, 165, 172, 183 Smith, Hus<strong>to</strong>n, 282n17 Smith, Wolfgang, 171, 339n7 socialism, 269 Socrates, 144, 150 Solomon, 34, 43 sophia, 7, 283n8 sophia perennis, 161 Sorbonne (France), 242 soteriology, 161
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Islamic Philosophy from its Origin
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SUNY series in Islam Seyyed Hossein
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Published by State University of Ne
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Contents Preface ix Transliteration
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Contents ix Preface This book is th
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Introduction Philosophy and Prophec
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Introduction 3 Parmenides was assoc
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Introduction 5 phers but is again t
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Introduction 7 ern sciences and bec
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Introduction 9 gradually the main s
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CHAPTER 1 The Study of Islamic Phil
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The Study of Islamic Philosophy in
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The Study of Islamic Philosophy in
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The Study of Islamic Philosophy in
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The Study of Islamic Philosophy in
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The Study of Islamic Philosophy in
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The Study of Islamic Philosophy in
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The Study of Islamic Philosophy in
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The Study of Islamic Philosophy in
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CHAPTER 2 The Meaning and Role of P
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The Meaning and Role of Philosophy
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The Meaning and Role of Philosophy
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The Meaning and Role of Philosophy
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The Meaning and Role of Philosophy
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The Meaning and Role of Philosophy
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The Meaning and Role of Philosophy
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The Meaning and Role of Philosophy
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The Meaning and Role of Philosophy
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50 Part 1: Islamic Philosophy and I
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CHAPTER 4 The Question of Existence
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The Question of Existence and Quidd
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The Question of Existence and Quidd
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The Question of Existence and Quidd
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The Question of Existence and Quidd
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CHAPTER 5 Post-Avicennan Islamic Ph
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Post-Avicennan Islamic Philosophy 8
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Post-Avicennan Islamic Philosophy 8
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Post-Avicennan Islamic Philosophy 9
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94 Part 2: Philosophical Issues (
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PART 3 Islamic Philosophy in Histor
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CHAPTER 9 The Poet-Scientist ‘Uma
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The Poet-Scientist ‘Umar Khayyåm
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The Poet-Scientist ‘Umar Khayyåm
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The Poet-Scientist ‘Umar Khayyåm
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The Poet-Scientist ‘Umar Khayyåm
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The Poet-Scientist ‘Umar Khayyåm
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The Poet-Scientist ‘Umar Khayyåm
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The Poet-Scientist ‘Umar Khayyåm
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The Poet-Scientist ‘Umar Khayyåm
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CHAPTER 11 The School of Isfahan Re
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The School of Isfahan Revisited 211
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The School of Isfahan Revisited 213
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232 Part 3: Islamic Philosophy in H
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CHAPTER 13 From the School of Isfah
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From the School of Isfahan to the S
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From the School of Isfahan to the S
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From the School of Isfahan to the S
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From the School of Isfahan to the S
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From the School of Isfahan to the S
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From the School of Isfahan to the S
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From the School of Isfahan to the S
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From the School of Isfahan to the S
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From the School of Isfahan to the S
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From the School of Isfahan to the S
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PART 4 The Current Situation
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260 Part 4: The Current Situation I
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262 Part 4: The Current Situation h
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264 Part 4: The Current Situation d
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266 Part 4: The Current Situation o
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268 Part 4: The Current Situation o
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270 Part 4: The Current Situation o
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CHAPTER 15 Philosophy in the Land o
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Philosophy in the Land of Prophecy
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Philosophy in the Land of Prophecy
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Philosophy in the Land of Prophecy
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Notes INTRODUCTION 1. One should re
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Notes to Chapter 1 283 4. In order
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Notes to Chapter 1 285 equate, espe
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Notes to Chapter 2 287 appeler Får
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23. Raså˘il (Cairo: al-Ma†ba‘
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Notes to Chapter 3 291 48. Unfortun
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Notes to Chapter 4 293 founder of t
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Notes to Chapter 4 295 period in se
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29. In one of the best known verses
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Notes to Chapter 5 299 were opened
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Notes to Chapter 5 301 this book—
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Notes to Chapter 6 303 8. On these
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involved, and that this discussion
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Notes to Chapter 8 307 3. See Georg
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Notes to Chapter 8 309 23. The titl
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Notes to Chapter 8 311 tion rather
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Notes to Chapter 8 313 2:366-68; Cr
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Notes to Chapter 9 315 7. See for e
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25. See Ra±¥mzådah Malik, op. ci
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Notes to Chapter 10 319 6. See S. H
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20. This chain is mentioned by Ghiy
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