Islamic Philosophy from Its Origin to the Present: Philosophy in the ...

philosophy in, 117, 155, 156, 157,
183, 255, 304n; Mamluk, 212;
revival of Islamic philosophy in,
108; works of Islamic philosophy
from, 107
Eighth/Fourteenth Century: School
of Shiraz in, 194
El-Ahwany, Fu˘åd, 18
Eleventh Intellect, 200
Eliade, Mircea, 338n3
Elucidation concerning the Principles
of Religion (al-Ash‘ar¥), 125
emotion: reason and, 102
Empedocles, 4, 150, 281n1, 303n9,
311n52
empiricism, 263
Enneads (Plotinus), 137, 218
Enoch, 281n9
Epimenides, 2
epistemology, 2, 141, 159, 161, 232,
251, 253, 262, 303n13; angelology
and, 229
Erigena, 265
eschatology, 6, 231, 318n37; sacred
psychology and, 229, 230
esoterism: Islamic, 40
Eternal Wisdom (Ibn Musk¨yah), 139
Ethics, 116, 144, 198, 199, 200;
philosophical, 139, 187, 198;
rational, 123
Euclid, 165, 170, 314n3
Europe: histories of Islamic philosophy
in, 165
evolution, 267, 268; Darwinian, 231
evolutionism, 271
existence, 67, 293n1; of all accidents,
69, 70; death and, 90; distinct
from quiddity, 141; external, 70;
giver of, 90; of individual man,
90; inner discipline and, 90; levels
of, 64; meaning of, 90; mental, 68,
70, 321n; nuances of meaning in,
67; principiality of, 87; quiddity
and, 70, 175; spiritual experience
of, 91; universal, 90
existentialism, 19, 90, 271
Index 351
existentiation: expansive mode of
wuj¶d and, 82
faith: harmonization with reason,
115; meaning of, 122, 123; practice
and, 123; reason and, 93; test of,
124
Fakhr al-D¥n al-Råz¥. See Råz¥,
Fakhr al-D¥n
Fakhr al-D¥n As‘ad Gurgån¥. See
Gurgån¥, Fakhr al-D¥n As‘ad
Fakhr al-D¥n Marågh¥. See Marågh¥,
Fakhr al-D¥n
Fakhry, Majid, 18, 23, 28, 307n7,
322n28
Fåkh¨r¥, ¡annå al-, 26
Faƒl al-maqål (The Decisive Treatise),
23, 115
falåsifah, 38, 292n6; truth for, 43. See
also faylas¶f
Fal冨r¥, Jawåd, 19, 278
falsafah, 13, 14, 26, 31, 32, 33, 35,
108, 119, 169, 282n1; banning of
teaching of, 44; ceases to exist in
western lands of Islam, 45;
concern with science, 42; criticism
of, 40, 41; in development of
intellectual sciences, 42; opposition
to, 38; opposition to kalåm,
50; in post-Ibn Rushdian phase of
philosophy, 44, 45; reciprocal
influence with kalåm, 49; role in
eastern lands of Islam, 45, 46; role
in tools of analysis, logic, and
rational inquiry, 42; struggle with
kalåm, 43; study in Cairo, 60;
truth as one for, 43; in the
universities, 44; waning of, 44
falsafah maz.n¶nah, 36
falsafah yaq¥niyyah, 36
falsafat al-islåmiyyah, al-, 33
Fanår¥, Shams al-D¥n al-, 45
Fann al-samå‘ al-†ab¥‘¥, 177
Fåråb¥, Ab¨ Na∑r al-, 36, 42, 63, 64,
74, 86, 138, 139, 152, 156, 157, 159,
186, 194, 213, 225, 288n20, 308n21,